modify_ldt (2)
Leading comments
Copyright (c) 1995 Michael Chastain (mec@duracef.shout.net), 22 July 1995. Copyright (c) 2015 Andrew Lutomirski %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL) This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the outp...
NAME
modify_ldt - get or set a per-process LDT entrySYNOPSIS
#include <sys/types.h> int modify_ldt(int func, void *ptr, unsigned long bytecount);
Note: There is no glibc wrapper for this system call; see NOTES.
DESCRIPTION
modify_ldt() reads or writes the local descriptor table (LDT) for a process. The LDT is an array of segment descriptors that can be referenced by user code. Linux allows processes to configure a per-process (actually per-mm) LDT. For more information about the LDT, see the Intel Software Developer's Manual or the AMD Architecture Programming Manual.When func is 0, modify_ldt() reads the LDT into the memory pointed to by ptr. The number of bytes read is the smaller of bytecount and the actual size of the LDT, although the kernel may act as though the LDT is padded with additional trailing zero bytes. On success, modify_ldt() will return the number of bytes read.
When
func
is 1 or 0x11,
modify_ldt()
modifies the LDT entry indicated by
ptr->entry_number.
ptr
points to a
user_desc
structure
and
bytecount
must equal the size of this structure.
The
user_desc
structure is defined in <asm/ldt.h> as:
struct user_desc {
unsigned int entry_number;
unsigned long base_addr;
unsigned int limit;
unsigned int seg_32bit:1;
unsigned int contents:2;
unsigned int read_exec_only:1;
unsigned int limit_in_pages:1;
unsigned int seg_not_present:1;
unsigned int useable:1;
};
In Linux 2.4 and earlier, this structure was named modify_ldt_ldt_s.
The contents field is the segment type (data, expand-down data, non-conforming code, or conforming code). The other fields match their descriptions in the CPU manual, although modify_ldt() cannot set the hardware-defined "accessed" bit described in the CPU manual.
A user_desc is considered "empty" if read_exec_only and seg_not_present are set to 1 and all of the other fields are 0. An LDT entry can be cleared by setting it to an "empty" user_desc or, if func is 1, by setting both base and limit to 0.
A conforming code segment (i.e., one with contents==3) will be rejected if func is 1 or if seg_not_present is 0.
When func is 2, modify_ldt() will read zeros. This appears to be a leftover from Linux 2.4.
RETURN VALUE
On success, modify_ldt() returns either the actual number of bytes read (for reading) or 0 (for writing). On failure, modify_ldt() returns -1 and sets errno to indicate the error.ERRORS
- EFAULT
- ptr points outside the address space.
- EINVAL
- ptr is 0, or func is 1 and bytecount is not equal to the size of the structure user_desc, or func is 1 or 0x11 and the new LDT entry has invalid values.
- ENOSYS
- func is neither 0, 1, 2, nor 0x11.
CONFORMING TO
This call is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs intended to be portable.NOTES
Glibc does not provide a wrapper for this system call; call it using syscall(2).modify_ldt() should not be used for thread-local storage, as it slows down context switches and only supports a limited number of threads. Threading libraries should use set_thread_area(2) or arch_prctl(2) instead, except on extremely old kernels that do not support those system calls.
The normal use for modify_ldt(2) is to run legacy 16-bit or segmented 32-bit code. Not all kernels allow 16-bit segments to be installed, however.
Even on 64-bit kernels, modify_ldt(2) cannot be used to create a long mode (i.e., 64-bit) code segment. The undocumented field "lm" in user_desc is not useful, and, despite its name, does not result in a long mode segment.