openssl (1)
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NAME
openssl - OpenSSL command line toolSYNOPSIS
openssl command [ command_opts ] [ command_args ]openssl [ list-standard-commands | list-message-digest-commands | list-cipher-commands | list-cipher-algorithms | list-message-digest-algorithms | list-public-key-algorithms]
openssl no-
DESCRIPTION
OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library from the shell. It can be used for
o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters o Public key cryptographic operations o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs o Calculation of Message Digests o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail o Time Stamp requests, generation and verification
COMMAND SUMMARY
The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands (command in theThe pseudo-commands list-standard-commands, list-message-digest-commands, and list-cipher-commands output a list (one entry per line) of the names of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands, respectively, that are available in the present openssl utility.
The pseudo-commands list-cipher-algorithms and list-message-digest-algorithms list all cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:
from => to
The pseudo-command list-public-key-algorithms lists all supported public key algorithms.
The pseudo-command no-
STANDARD COMMANDS
- asn1parse
-
Parse an ASN.1sequence.
- ca
-
Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
- ciphers
- Cipher Suite Description Determination.
- cms
-
CMS(Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility
- crl
-
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
- crl2pkcs7
-
CRLto PKCS#7 Conversion.
- dgst
- Message Digest Calculation.
- dh
- Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. Obsoleted by dhparam.
- dhparam
- Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by genpkey and pkeyparam
- dsa
-
DSAData Management.
- dsaparam
-
DSAParameter Generation and Management. Superseded by genpkey and pkeyparam
- ec
-
EC(Elliptic curve) key processing
- ecparam
-
ECparameter manipulation and generation
- enc
- Encoding with Ciphers.
- engine
- Engine (loadble module) information and manipulation.
- errstr
- Error Number to Error String Conversion.
- gendh
- Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Obsoleted by dhparam.
- gendsa
-
Generation of DSAPrivate Key from Parameters. Superseded by genpkey and pkey
- genpkey
- Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
- genrsa
-
Generation of RSAPrivate Key. Superceded by genpkey.
- nseq
- Create or examine a netscape certificate sequence
- ocsp
- Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
- passwd
- Generation of hashed passwords.
- pkcs12
- PKCS#12 Data Management.
- pkcs7
- PKCS#7 Data Management.
- pkey
- Public and private key management.
- pkeyparam
- Public key algorithm parameter management.
- pkeyutl
- Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.
- rand
- Generate pseudo-random bytes.
- req
-
PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
- rsa
-
RSAkey management.
- rsautl
-
RSAutility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded by pkeyutl
- s_client
-
This implements a generic SSL/TLSclient which can establish a transparent connection to a remote server speakingSSL/TLS.It's intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.
- s_server
-
This implements a generic SSL/TLSserver which accepts connections from remote clients speakingSSL/TLS.It's intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library. It provides both an own command line oriented protocol for testingSSLfunctions and a simpleHTTPresponse facility to emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
- s_time
-
SSLConnection Timer.
- sess_id
-
SSLSession Data Management.
- smime
- S/MIME mail processing.
- speed
- Algorithm Speed Measurement.
- spkac
-
SPKACprinting and generating utility
- ts
- Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server)
- verify
- X.509 Certificate Verification.
- version
- OpenSSL Version Information.
- x509
- X.509 Certificate Data Management.
MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS
- md2
-
MD2Digest
- md5
-
MD5Digest
- mdc2
-
MDC2Digest
- rmd160
-
RMD-160Digest
- sha
-
SHADigest
- sha1
-
SHA-1Digest
- sha224
-
SHA-224Digest
- sha256
-
SHA-256Digest
- sha384
-
SHA-384Digest
- sha512
-
SHA-512Digest
ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS
- base64
- Base64 Encoding
- bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb
- Blowfish Cipher
- cast cast-cbc
-
CASTCipher
- cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb
-
CAST5Cipher
- des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb
-
DESCipher
- des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb
- Triple-DES Cipher
- idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb
-
IDEACipher
- rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb
-
RC2Cipher
- rc4
-
RC4Cipher
- rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb
-
RC5Cipher
PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS
Several commands accept password arguments, typically using -passin and -passout for input and output passwords respectively. These allow the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no password argument is given and a password is required then the user is prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current terminal with echoing turned off.- pass:password
- the actual password is password. Since the password is visible to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used where security is not important.
- env:var
- obtain the password from the environment variable var. Since the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms (e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.
- file:pathname
- the first line of pathname is the password. If the same pathname argument is supplied to -passin and -passout arguments then the first line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output password. pathname need not refer to a regular file: it could for example refer to a device or named pipe.
- fd:number
- read the password from the file descriptor number. This can be used to send the data via a pipe for example.
- stdin
- read the password from standard input.