ascii (7)
Leading comments
Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de) %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL) This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU General Public License's references to "object code" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any document formatting or typesetting system, includ...
NAME
ascii - ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimalDESCRIPTION
ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a 7-bit code. Many 8-bit codes (e.g., ISO 8859-1) contain ASCII as their lower half. The international counterpart of ASCII is known as ISO 646-IRV.The following table contains the 128 ASCII characters.
C program aq\Xaq escapes are noted.
| Oct | Dec | Hex | Char | Oct | Dec | Hex | Char |
| 000 | 0 | 00 | NUL aq\0aq (null character) | 100 | 64 | 40 | @ |
| 001 | 1 | 01 | SOH (start of heading) | 101 | 65 | 41 | A |
| 002 | 2 | 02 | STX (start of text) | 102 | 66 | 42 | B |
| 003 | 3 | 03 | ETX (end of text) | 103 | 67 | 43 | C |
| 004 | 4 | 04 | EOT (end of transmission) | 104 | 68 | 44 | D |
| 005 | 5 | 05 | ENQ (enquiry) | 105 | 69 | 45 | E |
| 006 | 6 | 06 | ACK (acknowledge) | 106 | 70 | 46 | F |
| 007 | 7 | 07 | BEL aq\aaq (bell) | 107 | 71 | 47 | G |
| 010 | 8 | 08 | BS aq\baq (backspace) | 110 | 72 | 48 | H |
| 011 | 9 | 09 | HT aq\taq (horizontal tab) | 111 | 73 | 49 | I |
| 012 | 10 | 0A | LF aq\naq (new line) | 112 | 74 | 4A | J |
| 013 | 11 | 0B | VT aq\vaq (vertical tab) | 113 | 75 | 4B | K |
| 014 | 12 | 0C | FF aq\faq (form feed) | 114 | 76 | 4C | L |
| 015 | 13 | 0D | CR aq\raq (carriage ret) | 115 | 77 | 4D | M |
| 016 | 14 | 0E | SO (shift out) | 116 | 78 | 4E | N |
| 017 | 15 | 0F | SI (shift in) | 117 | 79 | 4F | O |
| 020 | 16 | 10 | DLE (data link escape) | 120 | 80 | 50 | P |
| 021 | 17 | 11 | DC1 (device control 1) | 121 | 81 | 51 | Q |
| 022 | 18 | 12 | DC2 (device control 2) | 122 | 82 | 52 | R |
| 023 | 19 | 13 | DC3 (device control 3) | 123 | 83 | 53 | S |
| 024 | 20 | 14 | DC4 (device control 4) | 124 | 84 | 54 | T |
| 025 | 21 | 15 | NAK (negative ack.) | 125 | 85 | 55 | U |
| 026 | 22 | 16 | SYN (synchronous idle) | 126 | 86 | 56 | V |
| 027 | 23 | 17 | ETB (end of trans. blk) | 127 | 87 | 57 | W |
| 030 | 24 | 18 | CAN (cancel) | 130 | 88 | 58 | X |
| 031 | 25 | 19 | EM (end of medium) | 131 | 89 | 59 | Y |
| 032 | 26 | 1A | SUB (substitute) | 132 | 90 | 5A | Z |
| 033 | 27 | 1B | ESC (escape) | 133 | 91 | 5B | [ |
| 034 | 28 | 1C | FS (file separator) | 134 | 92 | 5C | \ aq\\aq |
| 035 | 29 | 1D | GS (group separator) | 135 | 93 | 5D | ] |
| 036 | 30 | 1E | RS (record separator) | 136 | 94 | 5E | ^ |
| 037 | 31 | 1F | US (unit separator) | 137 | 95 | 5F | _ |
| 040 | 32 | 20 | SPACE | 140 | 96 | 60 | ` |
| 041 | 33 | 21 | ! | 141 | 97 | 61 | a |
| 042 | 34 | 22 | " | 142 | 98 | 62 | b |
| 043 | 35 | 23 | # | 143 | 99 | 63 | c |
| 044 | 36 | 24 | $ | 144 | 100 | 64 | d |
| 045 | 37 | 25 | % | 145 | 101 | 65 | e |
| 046 | 38 | 26 | & | 146 | 102 | 66 | f |
| 047 | 39 | 27 | aq | 147 | 103 | 67 | g |
| 050 | 40 | 28 | ( | 150 | 104 | 68 | h |
| 051 | 41 | 29 | ) | 151 | 105 | 69 | i |
| 052 | 42 | 2A | * | 152 | 106 | 6A | j |
| 053 | 43 | 2B | + | 153 | 107 | 6B | k |
| 054 | 44 | 2C | , | 154 | 108 | 6C | l |
| 055 | 45 | 2D | - | 155 | 109 | 6D | m |
| 056 | 46 | 2E | . | 156 | 110 | 6E | n |
| 057 | 47 | 2F | / | 157 | 111 | 6F | o |
| 060 | 48 | 30 | 0 | 160 | 112 | 70 | p |
| 061 | 49 | 31 | 1 | 161 | 113 | 71 | q |
| 062 | 50 | 32 | 2 | 162 | 114 | 72 | r |
| 063 | 51 | 33 | 3 | 163 | 115 | 73 | s |
| 064 | 52 | 34 | 4 | 164 | 116 | 74 | t |
| 065 | 53 | 35 | 5 | 165 | 117 | 75 | u |
| 066 | 54 | 36 | 6 | 166 | 118 | 76 | v |
| 067 | 55 | 37 | 7 | 167 | 119 | 77 | w |
| 070 | 56 | 38 | 8 | 170 | 120 | 78 | x |
| 071 | 57 | 39 | 9 | 171 | 121 | 79 | y |
| 072 | 58 | 3A | : | 172 | 122 | 7A | z |
| 073 | 59 | 3B | ; | 173 | 123 | 7B | { |
| 074 | 60 | 3C | < | 174 | 124 | 7C | | |
| 075 | 61 | 3D | = | 175 | 125 | 7D | } |
| 076 | 62 | 3E | > | 176 | 126 | 7E | ~ |
| 077 | 63 | 3F | ? | 177 | 127 | 7F | DEL |
Tables
For convenience, below are more compact tables in hex and decimal.
2 3 4 5 6 7 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
------------- ---------------------------------
0: 0 @ P ` p 0: ( 2 < F P Z d n x
1: ! 1 A Q a q 1: ) 3 = G Q [ e o y
2: " 2 B R b r 2: * 4 > H R \ f p z
3: # 3 C S c s 3: ! + 5 ? I S ] g q {
4: $ 4 D T d t 4: " , 6 @ J T ^ h r |
5: % 5 E U e u 5: # - 7 A K U _ i s }
6: & 6 F V f v 6: $ . 8 B L V ` j t ~
7: aq 7 G W g w 7: % / 9 C M W a k u DEL
8: ( 8 H X h x 8: & 0 : D N X b l v
9: ) 9 I Y i y 9: aq 1 ; E O Y c m w
A: * : J Z j z
B: + ; K [ k {
C: , < L \ l |
D: - = M ] m }
E: . > N ^ n ~
F: / ? O _ o DEL
NOTES
History
An ascii manual page appeared in Version 7 of AT&T UNIX.On older terminals, the underscore code is displayed as a left arrow, called backarrow, the caret is displayed as an up-arrow and the vertical bar has a hole in the middle.
Uppercase and lowercase characters differ by just one bit and the ASCII character 2 differs from the double quote by just one bit, too. That made it much easier to encode characters mechanically or with a non-microcontroller-based electronic keyboard and that pairing was found on old teletypes.
The ASCII standard was published by the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI) in 1968.