xnethack (6)

NAME

nethack - Exploring The Mazes of Menace

SYNOPSIS

nethack [ -d directory ] [ -n ] [ -p profession ] [ -r race ] [ -[DX] ] [ -u playername ] [ -dec ] [ -ibm ]

nethack [ -d directory ] -s [ -v ] [ -p profession ] [ -r race ] [ playernames ]

DESCRIPTION

NetHack is a display oriented Dungeons & Dragons(tm) - like game. The standard tty display and command structure resemble rogue.

Other, more graphical display options exist for most platforms.

To get started you really only need to know two commands. The command ? will give you a list of the available commands (as well as other information) and the command / will identify the things you see on the screen.

To win the game (as opposed to merely playing to beat other people's high scores) you must locate the Amulet of Yendor which is somewhere below the 20th level of the dungeon and get it out. Few people achieve this; most never do. Those who have go down in history as heros among heroes - and then they find ways of making the game even harder. See the Guidebook section on Conduct if this game has gotten too easy for you.

When the game ends, whether by your dying, quitting, or escaping from the caves, NetHack will give you (a fragment of) the list of top scorers. The scoring is based on many aspects of your behavior, but a rough estimate is obtained by taking the amount of gold you've found in the cave plus four times your (real) experience. Precious stones may be worth a lot of gold when brought to the exit. There is a 10% penalty for getting yourself killed.

The environment variable NETHACKOPTIONS can be used to initialize many run-time options. The ? command provides a description of these options and syntax. (The -dec and -ibm command line options are equivalent to the decgraphics and ibmgraphics run-time options described there, and are provided purely for convenience on systems supporting multiple types of terminals.)

Because the option list can be very long (particularly when specifying graphics characters), options may also be included in a configuration file. The default is located in your home directory and named .nethackrc on Unix systems. On Debian systems, use .nethackrc.gnome for the Gnome windowing port, use .nethackrc.x11 for the X11 windowing port, and use .nethackrc.qt for the QT windowing port. You can use .nethackrc.tty for the non-graphical version. The configuration file's location may be specified by setting NETHACKOPTIONS to a string consisting of an @ character followed by the filename.

The -u playername option supplies the answer to the question "Who are you?". It overrides any name from the options or configuration file, USER, LOGNAME, or getlogin(), which will otherwise be tried in order. If none of these provides a useful name, the player will be asked for one. Player names (in conjunction with uids) are used to identify save files, so you can have several saved games under different names. Conversely, you must use the appropriate player name to restore a saved game.

A playername suffix can be used to specify the profession, race, alignment and/or gender of the character. The full syntax of the playername that includes a suffix is "name-ppp-rrr-aaa-ggg". "ppp" are at least the first three letters of the profession (this can also be specified using a separate -p profession option). "rrr" are at least the first three letters of the character's race (this can also be specified using a separate -r race option). "aaa" are at last the first three letters of the character's alignment, and "ggg" are at least the first three letters of the character's gender. Any of the parts of the suffix may be left out.

-p profession can be used to determine the character profession, also known as the role. You can specify either the male or female name for the character role, or the first three characters of the role as an abbreviation. -p @ has been retained to explicitly request that a random role be chosen. It may need to be quoted with a backslash (\@) if @ is the "kill" character (see "stty") for the terminal, in order to prevent the current input line from being cleared.

Likewise, -r race can be used to explicitly request that a race be chosen.

Leaving out any of these characteristics will result in you being prompted during the game startup for the information.

The -s option alone will print out the list of your scores on the current version. An immediately following -v reports on all versions present in the score file. The -s may also be followed by arguments -p and -r to print the scores of particular roles and races only. It may also be followed by one or more player names to print the scores of the players mentioned, by 'all' to print out all scores, or by a number to print that many top scores.

The -n option suppresses printing of any news from the game administrator.

The -D or -X option will start the game in a special non-scoring discovery mode. -D will, if the player is the game administrator, start in debugging (wizard) mode instead.

The -d option, which must be the first argument if it appears, supplies a directory which is to serve as the playground. It overrides the value from NETHACKDIR, HACKDIR, or the directory specified by the game administrator during compilation (usually /usr/lib/games/nethack). This option is usually only useful to the game administrator. The playground must contain several auxiliary files such as help files, the list of top scorers, and a subdirectory save where games are saved.

AUTHORS

Jay Fenlason (+ Kenny Woodland, Mike Thome and Jon Payne) wrote the original hack, very much like rogue (but full of bugs).

Andries Brouwer continuously deformed their sources into an entirely different game.

Mike Stephenson has continued the perversion of sources, adding various warped character classes and sadistic traps with the help of many strange people who reside in that place between the worlds, the Usenet Zone. A number of these miscreants are immortalized in the historical roll of dishonor and various other places.

The resulting mess is now called NetHack, to denote its development by the Usenet. Andries Brouwer has made this request for the distinction, as he may eventually release a new version of his own.

FILES

All files are in the playground, normally /usr/lib/games/nethack. If DLB was defined during the compile, the data files and special levels will be inside a larger file, normally nhdat, instead of being separate files.
nethack                     The program itself.

data, oracles, rumors      Data files used by NetHack.

options, quest.dat         More data files.

help, hh                   Help data files.

cmdhelp, opthelp, wizhelp  More help data files.

*.lev                      Predefined special levels.

dungeon                    Control file for special levels.

history                    A short history of NetHack.

license                    Rules governing redistribution.

record                     The list of top scorers.

logfile                    An extended list of games

                           played.

xlock.nnn                  Description of a dungeon level.

perm                       Lock file for xlock.dd.

bonesDD.nn                 Descriptions of the ghost and

                           belongings of a deceased

                           adventurer.

save                       A subdirectory containing the

                           saved games.

ENVIRONMENT

USER or LOGNAME      Your login name.

HOME                Your home directory.

SHELL               Your shell.

TERM                The type of your terminal.

HACKPAGER or PAGER  Replacement for default pager.

MAIL                Mailbox file.

MAILREADER          Replacement for default reader

                    (probably /usr/bin/mail).

NETHACKDIR          Playground.

NETHACKOPTIONS      String predefining several NetHack

                    options.


In addition, SHOPTYPE is used in debugging (wizard) mode.

SEE ALSO

dgn_comp(6), lev_comp(6), recover(6)

BUGS

Probably infinite.

Dungeons & Dragons is a Trademark of Wizards of the Coast, Inc.