wlan (4)
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Copyright (c) 2003 Tom Rhodes All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other m...
NAME
wlan - generic 802.11 link-layer supportSYNOPSIS
device wlanDESCRIPTION
The ifconfig module provides generic code to support 802.11 drivers. Where a device does not directly support 802.11 functionality this layer fills in. The ifconfig module is required by all native 802.11 drivers as well as the ndis(4) support.ifconfig supports multi-mode devices capable of operating in both 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands and supports numerous 802.11 standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, and 802.11s (Draft 3.0). The WPA, 802.11i, and 802.1x security protocols are supported through a combination of in-kernel code and user-mode applications. The WME/WMM multi-media protocols are supported entirely within the ifconfig module but require a suitably capable hardware device. Likewise the 802.11h specification is supported only by suitably capable devices.
Drivers provide 802.11 functionality through ifconfig interfaces that are created at runtime using interface cloning. This is done with the ifconfig(8) create command or using the wlans_IFX variable in rc.conf5. Some drivers support the creation of multiple ifconfig interfaces that share the same underlying device; this is the way by which ``multi-bss support'' is provided but it can also be used to create WDS links and other interesting applications.
There are several types of ifconfig interfaces that may be created:
- sta
- A client station in an infrastructure bss (i.e. one that associates to an access point).
- hostap
- An access point in an infrastructure bss.
- mesh
- A mesh station in an MBSS network.
- adhoc
- A station in an IBSS network.
- ahdemo
- A station operating in ``adhoc demo mode''. This is essentially an IBSS station that does not use management frames (e.g. no beacons are transmitted). An ahdemo interface is especially useful for applications that want to transmit and receive raw 802.11 packets.
- monitor
- An interface used exclusively for capturing 802.11 frames. In particular this specified to have read-only properties which enables it to be operated on frequencies where one would otherwise not be allowed.
- wds
- A station that passes 4-address 802.11 traffic for the purpose of tunneling traffic over a wireless link. Typically this station would share the same MAC address as a hostap interface. It may be possible to create wds interfaces without a companion hostap interface but that is not guaranteed; one may need to create a hostap interface that does not send beacon frames before wds interfaces may be created.
Note that an interface's type cannot be changed once it is created.
ifconfig defines several mechanisms by which plugin modules may be used to extend its functionality. Cryptographic support such as WEP, TKIP, and AES-CCMP are implemented as standalone modules (if not statically configured into a system) that register with . Similarly there is an authenticator framework for defining 802.11 authentication services and a framework for integrating access control mechanisms specific to the 802.11 protocol.
DEBUGGING
If the IEEE80211_DEBUG option is included in the kernel configuration, debugging controls are available using:
"sysctl net.wlan.X.debug=mask"
where X is the number of the ifconfig instance and mask is a bit-or of control bits that determine which debugging messages to enable. For example,
"sysctl net.wlan.0.debug=0x00200000"
enables debugging messages related to scanning for an access point, adhoc neighbor, or an unoccupied channel when operation as an access point. The wlandebug(8) tool provides a more user-friendly mechanism for doing the same thing. Note that
"sysctl net.wlan.debug=mask"
defines the initial value of the debugging flags for each cloned ifconfig interface; this is useful to enable debug messages during interface creation.
COMPATIBILITY
The module name of ifconfig was used to be compatible with Nx .Mesh stations follow the 802.11s Draft 3.0 specification which is not ratified and subject to change. Beware that this specification is incompatible with earlier drafts; and stations implementing earlier drafts (e.g. Linux) may not interoperate.