ExtUtils::MM_Any (3)

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NAME

ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods

SYNOPSIS

  FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY!

  package ExtUtils::MM_SomeOS;

  # Temporarily, you have to subclass both.  Put MM_Any first.
  require ExtUtils::MM_Any;
  require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
  @ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Any ExtUtils::Unix);

DESCRIPTION

!

ExtUtils::MM_Any is a superclass for the ExtUtils::MM_* set of modules. It contains methods which are either inherently cross-platform or are written in a cross-platform manner.

Subclass off of ExtUtils::MM_Any and ExtUtils::MM_Unix. This is a temporary solution.

!

METHODS

Any methods marked Abstract must be implemented by subclasses.

Cross-platform helper methods

These are methods which help writing cross-platform code.

os_flavor Abstract

    my @os_flavor = $mm->os_flavor;

@os_flavor is the style of operating system this is, usually corresponding to the MM_*.pm file we're using.

The first element of @os_flavor is the major family (ie. Unix, Windows,

etc...) and the rest are sub families.

Some examples:

    Cygwin98       ('Unix',  'Cygwin', 'Cygwin9x')
    Windows        ('Win32')
    Win98          ('Win32', 'Win9x')
    Linux          ('Unix',  'Linux')
    MacOS X        ('Unix',  'Darwin', 'MacOS', 'MacOS X')
    OS/2           ('OS/2')

This is used to write code for styles of operating system. See os_flavor_is() for use.

os_flavor_is

    my $is_this_flavor = $mm->os_flavor_is($this_flavor);
    my $is_this_flavor = $mm->os_flavor_is(@one_of_these_flavors);

Checks to see if the current operating system is one of the given flavors.

This is useful for code like:

    if( $mm->os_flavor_is('Unix') ) {
        $out = `foo 2>&1`;
    }
    else {
        $out = `foo`;
    }

can_load_xs

    my $can_load_xs = $self->can_load_xs;

Returns true if we have the ability to load

This is important because miniperl, used to build

modules in the core, can not load

can_run

  use ExtUtils::MM;
  my $runnable = MM->can_run($Config{make});

If called in a scalar context it will return the full path to the binary you asked for if it was found, or "undef" if it was not.

If called in a list context, it will return a list of the full paths to instances of the binary where found in "PATH", or an empty list if it was not found.

Copied from IPC::Cmd, but modified into a method (and removed $INSTANCES capability).

can_redirect_error

  $useredirect = MM->can_redirect_error;

True if on an

where qx operator (or backticks) can redirect "STDERR" onto "STDOUT".

is_make_type

    my $is_dmake = $self->is_make_type('dmake');

Returns true if "<$self-"make>> is the given type; possibilities are:

  gmake    GNU make
  dmake
  nmake
  bsdmake  BSD pmake-derived

can_dep_space

    my $can_dep_space = $self->can_dep_space;

Returns true if "make" can handle (probably by quoting) dependencies that contain a space. Currently known true for

make, false for pmake derivative.

quote_dep

  $text = $mm->quote_dep($text);

Method that protects Makefile single-value constants (mainly filenames), so that make will still treat them as single values even if they inconveniently have spaces in. If the make program being used cannot achieve such protection and the given text would need it, throws an exception.

split_command

    my @cmds = $MM->split_command($cmd, @args);

Most

have a maximum command length they can execute at once. Large modules can easily generate commands well past that limit. Its necessary to split long commands up into a series of shorter commands.

"split_command" will return a series of @cmds each processing part of the args. Collectively they will process all the arguments. Each individual line in @cmds will not be longer than the $self->max_exec_len being careful to take into account macro expansion.

$cmd should include any switches and repeated initial arguments.

If no @args are given, no @cmds will be returned.

Pairs of arguments will always be preserved in a single command, this is a heuristic for things like pm_to_blib and pod2man which work on pairs of arguments. This makes things like this safe:

    $self->split_command($cmd, %pod2man);

echo

    my @commands = $MM->echo($text);
    my @commands = $MM->echo($text, $file);
    my @commands = $MM->echo($text, $file, \%opts);

Generates a set of @commands which print the $text to a $file.

If $file is not given, output goes to

If $opts{append} is true the $file will be appended to rather than overwritten. Default is to overwrite.

If $opts{allow_variables} is true, make variables of the form "$(...)" will not be escaped. Other "$" will. Default is to escape all "$".

Example of use:

    my $make = map "\t$_\n", $MM->echo($text, $file);

wraplist

  my $args = $mm->wraplist(@list);

Takes an array of items and turns them into a well-formatted list of arguments. In most cases this is simply something like:

    FOO \
    BAR \
    BAZ

maketext_filter

    my $filter_make_text = $mm->maketext_filter($make_text);

The text of the Makefile is run through this method before writing to disk. It allows systems a chance to make portability fixes to the Makefile.

By default it does nothing.

This method is protected and not intended to be called outside of MakeMaker.

cd Abstract

  my $subdir_cmd = $MM->cd($subdir, @cmds);

This will generate a make fragment which runs the @cmds in the given $dir. The rough equivalent to this, except cross platform.

  cd $subdir && $cmd

Currently $dir can only go down one level. ``foo'' is fine. ``foo/bar'' is not. ``../foo'' is right out.

The resulting $subdir_cmd has no leading tab nor trailing newline. This makes it easier to embed in a make string. For example.

      my $make = sprintf <<'CODE', $subdir_cmd;
  foo :
      $(ECHO) what
      %s
      $(ECHO) mouche
  CODE

oneliner Abstract

  my $oneliner = $MM->oneliner($perl_code);
  my $oneliner = $MM->oneliner($perl_code, \@switches);

This will generate a perl one-liner safe for the particular platform you're on based on the given $perl_code and @switches (a -e is assumed) suitable for using in a make target. It will use the proper shell quoting and escapes.

$(

) will be used as perl.

Any newlines in $perl_code will be escaped. Leading and trailing newlines will be stripped. Makes this idiom much easier:

    my $code = $MM->oneliner(<<'CODE', [...switches...]);
some code here
another line here
CODE

Usage might be something like:

    # an echo emulation
    $oneliner = $MM->oneliner('print "Foo\n"');
    $make = '$oneliner > somefile';

All dollar signs must be doubled in the $perl_code if you expect them to be interpreted normally, otherwise it will be considered a make macro. Also remember to quote make macros else it might be used as a bareword. For example:

    # Assign the value of the $(VERSION_FROM) make macro to $vf.
    $oneliner = $MM->oneliner('$$vf = "$(VERSION_FROM)"');

Its currently very simple and may be expanded sometime in the figure to include more flexible code and switches.

quote_literal Abstract

    my $safe_text = $MM->quote_literal($text);
    my $safe_text = $MM->quote_literal($text, \%options);

This will quote $text so it is interpreted literally in the shell.

For example, on Unix this would escape any single-quotes in $text and put single-quotes around the whole thing.

If $options{allow_variables} is true it will leave '$(FOO)' make variables untouched. If false they will be escaped like any other "$". Defaults to true.

escape_dollarsigns

    my $escaped_text = $MM->escape_dollarsigns($text);

Escapes stray "$" so they are not interpreted as make variables.

It lets by "$(...)".

escape_all_dollarsigns

    my $escaped_text = $MM->escape_all_dollarsigns($text);

Escapes all "$" so they are not interpreted as make variables.

escape_newlines Abstract

    my $escaped_text = $MM->escape_newlines($text);

Shell escapes newlines in $text.

max_exec_len Abstract

    my $max_exec_len = $MM->max_exec_len;

Calculates the maximum command size the

can exec. Effectively, this is the max size of a shell command line.

make

    my $make = $MM->make;

Returns the make variant we're generating the Makefile for. This attempts to do some normalization on the information from %Config or the user.

Targets

These are methods which produce make targets.

all_target

Generate the default target 'all'.

blibdirs_target

    my $make_frag = $mm->blibdirs_target;

Creates the blibdirs target which creates all the directories we use in blib/.

The blibdirs.ts target is deprecated. Depend on blibdirs instead.

clean (o)

Defines the clean target.

clean_subdirs_target

  my $make_frag = $MM->clean_subdirs_target;

Returns the clean_subdirs target. This is used by the clean target to call clean on any subdirectories which contain Makefiles.

dir_target

    my $make_frag = $mm->dir_target(@directories);

Generates targets to create the specified directories and set its permission to

Because depending on a directory to just ensure it exists doesn't work too well (the modified time changes too often) dir_target() creates a .exists file in the created directory. It is this you should depend on. For portability purposes you should use the $(

) macro rather than a '/' to separate the directory from the file.

    yourdirectory$(DIRFILESEP).exists

distdir

Defines the scratch directory target that will hold the distribution before tar-ing (or shar-ing).

dist_test

Defines a target that produces the distribution in the scratch directory, and runs 'perl Makefile.PL; make ;make test' in that subdirectory.

dynamic (o)

Defines the dynamic target.

makemakerdflt_target

  my $make_frag = $mm->makemakerdflt_target

Returns a make fragment with the makemakerdeflt_target specified. This target is the first target in the Makefile, is the default target and simply points off to 'all' just in case any make variant gets confused or something gets snuck in before the real 'all' target.

manifypods_target

  my $manifypods_target = $self->manifypods_target;

Generates the manifypods target. This target generates man pages from all

files in and

metafile_target

    my $target = $mm->metafile_target;

Generate the metafile target.

Writes the file

.yml ( encoded meta-data) and .json ( encoded meta-data) about the module in the distdir. The format follows Module::Build's as closely as possible.

metafile_data

    my @metadata_pairs = $mm->metafile_data(\%meta_add, \%meta_merge);

Returns the data which MakeMaker turns into the

.yml file and the .json file.

Values of %meta_add will overwrite any existing metadata in those keys. %meta_merge will be merged with them.

metafile_file

    my $meta_yml = $mm->metafile_file(@metadata_pairs);

Turns the @metadata_pairs into

This method does not implement a complete

dumper, being limited to dump a hash with values which are strings, undef's or nested hashes and arrays of strings. No quoting/escaping is done.

distmeta_target

    my $make_frag = $mm->distmeta_target;

Generates the distmeta target to add

.yml and .json to the in the distdir.

mymeta

    my $mymeta = $mm->mymeta;

Generate

information as a hash either from an existing Meta file (.json or .yml) or from internal data.

write_mymeta

    $self->write_mymeta( $mymeta );

Write

information to .json and .yml.

realclean (o)

Defines the realclean target.

realclean_subdirs_target

  my $make_frag = $MM->realclean_subdirs_target;

Returns the realclean_subdirs target. This is used by the realclean target to call realclean on any subdirectories which contain Makefiles.

signature_target

    my $target = $mm->signature_target;

Generate the signature target.

Writes the file

with ``cpansign -s''.

distsignature_target

    my $make_frag = $mm->distsignature_target;

Generates the distsignature target to add

to the in the distdir.

special_targets

  my $make_frag = $mm->special_targets

Returns a make fragment containing any targets which have special meaning to make. For example, .SUFFIXES and .PHONY.

Init methods

Methods which help initialize the MakeMaker object and macros.

init_ABSTRACT

    $mm->init_ABSTRACT

init_INST

    $mm->init_INST;

Called by init_main. Sets up all INST_* variables except those related to

code. Those are handled in init_xs.

init_INSTALL

    $mm->init_INSTALL;

Called by init_main. Sets up all INSTALL_* variables (except

) and *PREFIX.

init_INSTALL_from_PREFIX

  $mm->init_INSTALL_from_PREFIX;

init_from_INSTALL_BASE

    $mm->init_from_INSTALL_BASE

init_VERSION Abstract

    $mm->init_VERSION

Initialize macros representing versions of MakeMaker and other tools

path to the MakeMaker module.

ExtUtils::MakeMaker Version

ExtUtils::MakeMaker version control revision (for backwards
             compat)

version of your module

which macro represents the version (usually '')

like version but safe for use as an revision number

line to set the module version when compiling

version in your .xs file. Defaults to $()

which macro represents the version.

line to set the xs version when compiling.

Called by init_main.

init_tools

    $MM->init_tools();

Initializes the simple macro definitions used by tools_other() and places them in the $MM object. These use conservative cross platform versions and should be overridden with platform specific versions for performance.

Defines at least these macros.

  Macro             Description

  NOOP              Do nothing
  NOECHO            Tell make not to display the command itself

  SHELL             Program used to run shell commands

  ECHO              Print text adding a newline on the end
  RM_F              Remove a file
  RM_RF             Remove a directory
  TOUCH             Update a file's timestamp
  TEST_F            Test for a file's existence
  TEST_S            Test the size of a file
  CP                Copy a file
  CP_NONEMPTY       Copy a file if it is not empty
  MV                Move a file
  CHMOD             Change permissions on a file
  FALSE             Exit with non-zero
  TRUE              Exit with zero

  UMASK_NULL        Nullify umask
  DEV_NULL          Suppress all command output

init_others

    $MM->init_others();

Initializes the macro definitions having to do with compiling and linking used by tools_other() and places them in the $MM object.

If there is no description, its the same as the parameter to WriteMakefile() documented in ExtUtils::MakeMaker.

tools_other

    my $make_frag = $MM->tools_other;

Returns a make fragment containing definitions for the macros init_others() initializes.

init_DIRFILESEP Abstract

  $MM->init_DIRFILESEP;
  my $dirfilesep = $MM->{DIRFILESEP};

Initializes the

macro which is the separator between the directory and filename in a filepath. ie. / on Unix, \ on Win32 and nothing on

For example:

    # instead of $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/extralibs.ld
    $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(DIRFILESEP)extralibs.ld

Something of a hack but it prevents a lot of code duplication between MM_* variants.

Do not use this as a separator between directories. Some operating systems use different separators between subdirectories as between directories and filenames (for example: VOLUME:[dir1.dir2]file on

).

init_linker Abstract

    $mm->init_linker;

Initialize macros which have to do with linking.

path to libperl.a equivalent to be linked to dynamic extensions.

path to a library which should be put on the linker command line after the external libraries to be linked to dynamic extensions. This may be needed if the linker is one-pass, and Perl includes some overrides for C functions, such as malloc().

name of a file that is passed to linker to define symbols to be exported.

Some OSes do not need these in which case leave it blank.

init_platform

    $mm->init_platform

Initialize any macros which are for platform specific use only.

A typical one is the version number of your

specific module. (ie. MM_Unix_VERSION or ).

init_MAKE

    $mm->init_MAKE

Initialize

from either a environment variable or $Config{make}.

Tools

A grab bag of methods to generate specific macros and commands.

manifypods

Defines targets and routines to translate the pods into manpages and put them into the INST_* directories.

POD2MAN_macro

  my $pod2man_macro = $self->POD2MAN_macro

Returns a definition for the

macro. This is a program which emulates the pod2man utility. You can add more switches to the command by simply appending them on the macro.

Typical usage:

    $(POD2MAN) --section=3 --perm_rw=$(PERM_RW) podfile1 man_page1 ...

test_via_harness

  my $command = $mm->test_via_harness($perl, $tests);

Returns a $command line which runs the given set of $tests with Test::Harness and the given $perl.

Used on the t/*.t files.

test_via_script

  my $command = $mm->test_via_script($perl, $script);

Returns a $command line which just runs a single test without Test::Harness. No checks are done on the results, they're just printed.

Used for test.pl, since they don't always follow Test::Harness formatting.

tool_autosplit

Defines a simple perl call that runs autosplit. May be deprecated by pm_to_blib soon.

arch_check

    my $arch_ok = $mm->arch_check(
        $INC{"Config.pm"},
        File::Spec->catfile($Config{archlibexp}, "Config.pm")
    );

A sanity check that what Perl thinks the architecture is and what Config thinks the architecture is are the same. If they're not it will return false and show a diagnostic message.

When building Perl it will always return true, as nothing is installed yet.

The interface is a bit odd because this is the result of a quick refactoring. Don't rely on it.

File::Spec wrappers

ExtUtils::MM_Any is a subclass of File::Spec. The methods noted here override File::Spec.

catfile

File::Spec <= 0.83 has a bug where the file part of catfile is not canonicalized. This override fixes that bug.

Misc

Methods I can't really figure out where they should go yet.

find_tests

  my $test = $mm->find_tests;

Returns a string suitable for feeding to the shell to return all tests in t/*.t.

find_tests_recursive

  my $tests = $mm->find_tests_recursive;

Returns a string suitable for feeding to the shell to return all tests in t/ but recursively.

extra_clean_files

    my @files_to_clean = $MM->extra_clean_files;

Returns a list of

specific files to be removed in the clean target in addition to the usual set.

installvars

    my @installvars = $mm->installvars;

A list of all the INSTALL* variables without the

prefix. Useful for iteration or building related variable sets.

libscan

  my $wanted = $self->libscan($path);

Takes a path to a file or dir and returns an empty string if we don't want to include this file in the library. Otherwise it returns the the $path unchanged.

Mainly used to exclude version control administrative directories from installation.

platform_constants

    my $make_frag = $mm->platform_constants

Returns a make fragment defining all the macros initialized in init_platform() rather than put them in constants().

AUTHOR

Michael G Schwern <schwern@pobox.com> and the denizens of makemaker@perl.org with code from ExtUtils::MM_Unix and ExtUtils::MM_Win32.