Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA (3)

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NAME

Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA - RSA encoding and decoding, using the openSSL libraries

SYNOPSIS

  use Crypt::OpenSSL::Random;
  use Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA;

  # not necessary if we have /dev/random:
  Crypt::OpenSSL::Random::random_seed($good_entropy);
  Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA->import_random_seed();
  $rsa_pub = Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA->new_public_key($key_string);
  $rsa_pub->use_sslv23_padding(); # use_pkcs1_oaep_padding is the default
  $ciphertext = $rsa->encrypt($plaintext);

  $rsa_priv = Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA->new_private_key($key_string);
  $plaintext = $rsa->encrypt($ciphertext);

  $rsa = Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA->generate_key(1024); # or
  $rsa = Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA->generate_key(1024, $prime);

  print "private key is:\n", $rsa->get_private_key_string();
  print "public key (in PKCS1 format) is:\n",
        $rsa->get_public_key_string();
  print "public key (in X509 format) is:\n",
        $rsa->get_public_key_x509_string();

  $rsa_priv->use_md5_hash(); # use_sha1_hash is the default
  $signature = $rsa_priv->sign($plaintext);
  print "Signed correctly\n" if ($rsa->verify($plaintext, $signature));

DESCRIPTION

Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA provides the ability to encrypt strings which are somewhat shorter than the block size of a key. It also allows for decryption, signatures and signature verification.

: Many of the methods in this package can croak, so use eval, or Error.pm's try/catch mechanism to capture errors. Also, while some methods from earlier versions of this package return true on success, this (never documented) behavior is no longer the case.

Class Methods

new_public_key

Create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA object by loading a public key in from a string containing Base64/DER-encoding of either the

PKCS1

or X.509 representation of the key. The string should include the -----BEGIN...----- and -----END...----- lines.

The padding is set to

PKCS1_OAEP,

but can be changed with the use_xxx_padding methods

new_private_key

Create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA object by loading a private key in from an string containing the Base64/DER encoding of the

PKCS1

representation of the key. The string should include the -----BEGIN...----- and -----END...----- lines. The padding is set to

PKCS1_OAEP,

but can be changed with use_xxx_padding.

generate_key

Create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA object by constructing a private/public key pair. The first (mandetory) argument is the key size, while the second optional argument specifies the public exponent (the default public exponent is 65537). The padding is set to

PKCS1_OAEP,

but can be changed with use_xxx_padding methods.

new_key_from_parameters

Given Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum objects for n, e, and optionally d, p, and q, where p and q are the prime factors of n, e is the public exponent and d is the private exponent, create a new Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA object using these values. If p and q are provided and d is undef, d is computed. Note that while p and q are not necessary for a private key, their presence will speed up computation.

import_random_seed

Import a random seed from Crypt::OpenSSL::Random, since the OpenSSL libraries won't allow sharing of random structures across perl

XS

modules.

Instance Methods

DESTROY

Clean up after ourselves. In particular, erase and free the memory occupied by the

RSA

key structure.

get_public_key_string

Return the Base64/DER-encoded

PKCS1

representation of the public key. This string has header and footer lines:

  -----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY------
  -----END RSA PUBLIC KEY------

get_public_key_x509_string

Return the Base64/DER-encoded representation of the ``subject public key'', suitable for use in X509 certificates. This string has header and footer lines:

  -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY------
  -----END PUBLIC KEY------

and is the format that is produced by running "openssl rsa -pubout".

get_private_key_string

Return the DER-encoded

PKCS1

representation of the private key.

encrypt

Encrypt a binary ``string'' using the public (portion of the) key.

decrypt

Decrypt a binary ``string''. Croaks if the key is public only.

private_encrypt

Encrypt a binary ``string'' using the private key. Croaks if the key is public only.

public_decrypt

Decrypt a binary ``string'' using the public (portion of the) key.

sign

Sign a string using the secret (portion of the) key.

verify

Check the signature on a text.

use_no_padding

Use raw

RSA

encryption. This mode should only be used to implement cryptographically sound padding modes in the application code. Encrypting user data directly with

RSA

is insecure.

use_pkcs1_padding

Use

PKCS

#1 v1.5 padding. This currently is the most widely used mode of padding.

use_pkcs1_oaep_padding

Use EME-OAEP padding as defined in

PKCS

#1 v2.0 with

SHA-1, MGF1

and an empty encoding parameter. This mode of padding is recommended for all new applications. It is the default mode used by Crypt::OpenSSL::RSA.

use_sslv23_padding

Use

PKCS

#1 v1.5 padding with an SSL-specific modification that denotes that the server is

SSL3

capable.

use_md5_hash

Use the

RFC 1321 MD5

hashing algorithm by Ron Rivest when signing and verifying messages.

use_sha1_hash

Use the

RFC 3174

Secure Hashing Algorithm (

FIPS 180-1

) when signing and verifying messages. This is the default.

use_sha224_hash, use_sha256_hash, use_sha384_hash, use_sha512_hash

These

FIPS 180-2

hash algorithms, for use when signing and verifying messages, are only available with newer openssl versions (>= 0.9.8).

use_ripemd160_hash

Dobbertin, Bosselaers and Preneel's

RIPEMD

hashing algorithm when signing and verifying messages.

size

Returns the size, in bytes, of the key. All encrypted text will be of this size, and depending on the padding mode used, the length of the text to be encrypted should be:

pkcs1_oaep_padding

at most 42 bytes less than this size.

pkcs1_padding or sslv23_padding

at most 11 bytes less than this size.

no_padding

exactly this size.

check_key

This function validates the

RSA

key, returning a true value if the key is valid, and a false value otherwise. Croaks if the key is public only.

get_key_parameters

Return Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum objects representing the values of n, e, d, p, q, d mod (p-1), d mod (q-1), and 1/q mod p, where p and q are the prime factors of n, e is the public exponent and d is the private exponent. Some of these values may return as undef; only n and e will be defined for a public key. The Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum module must be installed for this to work.

is_private

Return true if this is a private key, and false if it is private only.

BUGS

There is a small memory leak when generating new keys of more than 512 bits.

AUTHOR

Ian Robertson, iroberts@cpan.org. For support, please email perl-openssl-users@lists.sourceforge.net.

SEE ALSO

perl(1), Crypt::OpenSSL::Random(3), Crypt::OpenSSL::Bignum(3), rsa(3), RSA_new(3), RSA_public_encrypt(3), RSA_size(3), RSA_generate_key(3), RSA_check_key(3)