CPU_XOR (3)
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Copyright (C) 2006 Michael Kerrisk
and Copyright (C) 2008 Linux Foundation, written by Michael Kerrisk
<mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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NAME
CPU_SET, CPU_CLR, CPU_ISSET, CPU_ZERO, CPU_COUNT, CPU_AND, CPU_OR, CPU_XOR, CPU_EQUAL, CPU_ALLOC, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE, CPU_FREE, CPU_SET_S, CPU_CLR_S, CPU_ISSET_S, CPU_ZERO_S, CPU_COUNT_S, CPU_AND_S, CPU_OR_S, CPU_XOR_S, CPU_EQUAL_S - macros for manipulating CPU setsSYNOPSIS
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */ #include <sched.h> void CPU_ZERO(cpu_set_t *set); void CPU_SET(int cpu, cpu_set_t *set); void CPU_CLR(int cpu, cpu_set_t *set); int CPU_ISSET(int cpu, cpu_set_t *set); int CPU_COUNT(cpu_set_t *set); void CPU_AND(cpu_set_t *destset, cpu_set_t *srcset1, cpu_set_t *srcset2); void CPU_OR(cpu_set_t *destset, cpu_set_t *srcset1, cpu_set_t *srcset2); void CPU_XOR(cpu_set_t *destset, cpu_set_t *srcset1, cpu_set_t *srcset2); int CPU_EQUAL(cpu_set_t *set1, cpu_set_t *set2); cpu_set_t *CPU_ALLOC(int num_cpus); void CPU_FREE(cpu_set_t *set); size_t CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(int num_cpus); void CPU_ZERO_S(size_t setsize, cpu_set_t *set); void CPU_SET_S(int cpu, size_t setsize, cpu_set_t *set); void CPU_CLR_S(int cpu, size_t setsize, cpu_set_t *set); int CPU_ISSET_S(int cpu, size_t setsize, cpu_set_t *set); int CPU_COUNT_S(size_t setsize, cpu_set_t *set); void CPU_AND_S(size_t setsize, cpu_set_t *destset, cpu_set_t *srcset1, cpu_set_t *srcset2); void CPU_OR_S(size_t setsize, cpu_set_t *destset, cpu_set_t *srcset1, cpu_set_t *srcset2); void CPU_XOR_S(size_t setsize, cpu_set_t *destset, cpu_set_t *srcset1, cpu_set_t *srcset2); int CPU_EQUAL_S(size_t setsize, cpu_set_t *set1, cpu_set_t *set2);
DESCRIPTION
The cpu_set_t data structure represents a set of CPUs. CPU sets are used by sched_setaffinity(2) and similar interfaces.The cpu_set_t data type is implemented as a bit mask. However, the data structure treated as considered opaque: all manipulation of CPU sets should be done via the macros described in this page.
The following macros are provided to operate on the CPU set set:
- CPU_ZERO()
- Clears set, so that it contains no CPUs.
- CPU_SET()
- Add CPU cpu to set.
- CPU_CLR()
- Remove CPU cpu from set.
- CPU_ISSET()
- Test to see if CPU cpu is a member of set.
- CPU_COUNT()
- Return the number of CPUs in set.
Where a cpu argument is specified, it should not produce side effects, since the above macros may evaluate the argument more than once.
The first CPU on the system corresponds to a
cpu
value of 0, the next CPU corresponds to a
cpu
value of 1, and so on.
No assumptions should be made about particular CPUs being
available, or the set of CPUs being contiguous, since CPUs can
be taken offline dynamically or be otherwise absent.
The constant
CPU_SETSIZE
(currently 1024) specifies a value one greater than the maximum CPU
number that can be stored in
cpu_set_t.
The following macros perform logical operations on CPU sets:
- CPU_AND()
- Store the intersection of the sets srcset1 and srcset2 in destset (which may be one of the source sets).
- CPU_OR()
- Store the union of the sets srcset1 and srcset2 in destset (which may be one of the source sets).
- CPU_XOR()
- Store the XOR of the sets srcset1 and srcset2 in destset (which may be one of the source sets). The XOR means the set of CPUs that are in either srcset1 or srcset2, but not both.
- CPU_EQUAL()
- Test whether two CPU set contain exactly the same CPUs.
Dynamically sized CPU sets
Because some applications may require the ability to dynamically size CPU sets (e.g., to allocate sets larger than that defined by the standard cpu_set_t data type), glibc nowadays provides a set of macros to support this.The following macros are used to allocate and deallocate CPU sets:
- CPU_ALLOC()
- Allocate a CPU set large enough to hold CPUs in the range 0 to num_cpus-1.
- CPU_ALLOC_SIZE()
- Return the size in bytes of the CPU set that would be needed to hold CPUs in the range 0 to num_cpus-1. This macro provides the value that can be used for the setsize argument in the CPU_*_S() macros described below.
- CPU_FREE()
- Free a CPU set previously allocated by CPU_ALLOC().
The macros whose names end with "_S" are the analogs of the similarly named macros without the suffix. These macros perform the same tasks as their analogs, but operate on the dynamically allocated CPU set(s) whose size is setsize bytes.
RETURN VALUE
CPU_ISSET() and CPU_ISSET_S() return nonzero if cpu is in set; otherwise, it returns 0.CPU_COUNT() and CPU_COUNT_S() return the number of CPUs in set.
CPU_EQUAL() and CPU_EQUAL_S() return nonzero if the two CPU sets are equal; otherwise it returns 0.
CPU_ALLOC() returns a pointer on success, or NULL on failure. (Errors are as for malloc(3).)
CPU_ALLOC_SIZE() returns the number of bytes required to store a CPU set of the specified cardinality.
The other functions do not return a value.
VERSIONS
The CPU_ZERO(), CPU_SET(), CPU_CLR(), and CPU_ISSET() macros were added in glibc 2.3.3.CPU_COUNT() first appeared in glibc 2.6.
CPU_AND(), CPU_OR(), CPU_XOR(), CPU_EQUAL(), CPU_ALLOC(), CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(), CPU_FREE(), CPU_ZERO_S(), CPU_SET_S(), CPU_CLR_S(), CPU_ISSET_S(), CPU_AND_S(), CPU_OR_S(), CPU_XOR_S(), and CPU_EQUAL_S() first appeared in glibc 2.7.
CONFORMING TO
These interfaces are Linux-specific.NOTES
To duplicate a CPU set, use memcpy(3).Since CPU sets are bit masks allocated in units of long words, the actual number of CPUs in a dynamically allocated CPU set will be rounded up to the next multiple of sizeof(unsigned long). An application should consider the contents of these extra bits to be undefined.
Notwithstanding the similarity in the names, note that the constant CPU_SETSIZE indicates the number of CPUs in the cpu_set_t data type (thus, it is effectively a count of the bits in the bit mask), while the setsize argument of the CPU_*_S() macros is a size in bytes.
The data types for arguments and return values shown in the SYNOPSIS are hints what about is expected in each case. However, since these interfaces are implemented as macros, the compiler won't necessarily catch all type errors if you violate the suggestions.
BUGS
On 32-bit platforms with glibc 2.8 and earlier, CPU_ALLOC() allocates twice as much space as is required, and CPU_ALLOC_SIZE() returns a value twice as large as it should. This bug should not affect the semantics of a program, but does result in wasted memory and less efficient operation of the macros that operate on dynamically allocated CPU sets. These bugs are fixed in glibc 2.9.EXAMPLE
The following program demonstrates the use of some of the macros used for dynamically allocated CPU sets.#define _GNU_SOURCE #include <sched.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <assert.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { cpu_set_t *cpusetp; size_t size; int num_cpus, cpu; if (argc < 2) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <num-cpus>\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } num_cpus = atoi(argv[1]); cpusetp = CPU_ALLOC(num_cpus); if (cpusetp == NULL) { perror("CPU_ALLOC"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } size = CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(num_cpus); CPU_ZERO_S(size, cpusetp); for (cpu = 0; cpu < num_cpus; cpu += 2) CPU_SET_S(cpu, size, cpusetp); printf("CPU_COUNT() of set: %d\n", CPU_COUNT_S(size, cpusetp)); CPU_FREE(cpusetp); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }