rename (2)
Leading comments
This manpage is Copyright (C) 1992 Drew Eckhardt;
and Copyright (C) 1993 Michael Haardt;
and Copyright (C) 1993,1995 Ian Jackson
and Copyright (C) 2006, 2014 Michael Kerrisk
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Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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NAME
rename, renameat, renameat2 - change the name or location of a fileSYNOPSIS
#include <stdio.h> int rename(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath); #include <fcntl.h> /* Definition of AT_* constants */ #include <stdio.h> int renameat(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath); int renameat2(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath, unsigned int flags);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
renameat():
-
- Since glibc 2.10:
- _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 700 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
- Before glibc 2.10:
- _ATFILE_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
rename() renames a file, moving it between directories if required. Any other hard links to the file (as created using link(2)) are unaffected. Open file descriptors for oldpath are also unaffected.If newpath already exists, it will be atomically replaced (subject to a few conditions; see ERRORS below), so that there is no point at which another process attempting to access newpath will find it missing.
If oldpath and newpath are existing hard links referring to the same file, then rename() does nothing, and returns a success status.
If newpath exists but the operation fails for some reason, rename() guarantees to leave an instance of newpath in place.
oldpath can specify a directory. In this case, newpath must either not exist, or it must specify an empty directory.
However, when overwriting there will probably be a window in which both oldpath and newpath refer to the file being renamed.
If oldpath refers to a symbolic link, the link is renamed; if newpath refers to a symbolic link, the link will be overwritten.
renameat()
The renameat() system call operates in exactly the same way as rename(), except for the differences described here.If the pathname given in oldpath is relative, then it is interpreted relative to the directory referred to by the file descriptor olddirfd (rather than relative to the current working directory of the calling process, as is done by rename() for a relative pathname).
If oldpath is relative and olddirfd is the special value AT_FDCWD, then oldpath is interpreted relative to the current working directory of the calling process (like rename()).
If oldpath is absolute, then olddirfd is ignored.
The interpretation of newpath is as for oldpath, except that a relative pathname is interpreted relative to the directory referred to by the file descriptor newdirfd.
See openat(2) for an explanation of the need for renameat().
renameat2()
renameat2() has an additional flags argument. A renameat2() call with a zero flags argument is equivalent to renameat().The flags argument is a bit mask consisting of zero or more of the following flags:
- RENAME_EXCHANGE
- Atomically exchange oldpath and newpath. Both pathnames must exist but may be of different types (e.g., one could be a non-empty directory and the other a symbolic link).
- RENAME_NOREPLACE
-
Don't overwrite
newpath
of the rename.
Return an error if
newpath
already exists.
RENAME_NOREPLACE can't be employed together with RENAME_EXCHANGE. - RENAME_WHITEOUT (since Linux 3.18)
-
This operation makes sense only for overlay/union
filesystem implementations.
Specifying RENAME_WHITEOUT creates a "whiteout" object at the source of the rename at the same time as performing the rename. The whole operation is atomic, so that if the rename succeeds then the whiteout will also have been created.
A "whiteout" is an object that has special meaning in union/overlay filesystem constructs. In these constructs, multiple layers exist and only the top one is ever modified. A whiteout on an upper layer will effectively hide a matching file in the lower layer, making it appear as if the file didn't exist.
When a file that exists on the lower layer is renamed, the file is first copied up (if not already on the upper layer) and then renamed on the upper, read-write layer. At the same time, the source file needs to be "whiteouted" (so that the version of the source file in the lower layer is rendered invisible). The whole operation needs to be done atomically.
When not part of a union/overlay, the whiteout appears as a character device with a {0,0} device number.
RENAME_WHITEOUT requires the same privileges as creating a device node (i.e., the CAP_MKNOD capability).
RENAME_WHITEOUT can't be employed together with RENAME_EXCHANGE.
RENAME_WHITEOUT requires support from the underlying filesystem. Among the filesystems that provide that support are shmem (since Linux 3.18), ext4 (since Linux 3.18), and XFS (since Linux 4.1).
RETURN VALUE
On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.ERRORS
- EACCES
- Write permission is denied for the directory containing oldpath or newpath, or, search permission is denied for one of the directories in the path prefix of oldpath or newpath, or oldpath is a directory and does not allow write permission (needed to update the .. entry). (See also path_resolution(7).)
- EBUSY
- The rename fails because oldpath or newpath is a directory that is in use by some process (perhaps as current working directory, or as root directory, or because it was open for reading) or is in use by the system (for example as mount point), while the system considers this an error. (Note that there is no requirement to return EBUSY in such cases---there is nothing wrong with doing the rename anyway---but it is allowed to return EBUSY if the system cannot otherwise handle such situations.)
- EDQUOT
- The user's quota of disk blocks on the filesystem has been exhausted.
- EFAULT
- oldpath or newpath points outside your accessible address space.
- EINVAL
- The new pathname contained a path prefix of the old, or, more generally, an attempt was made to make a directory a subdirectory of itself.
- EISDIR
- newpath is an existing directory, but oldpath is not a directory.
- ELOOP
- Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving oldpath or newpath.
- EMLINK
- oldpath already has the maximum number of links to it, or it was a directory and the directory containing newpath has the maximum number of links.
- ENAMETOOLONG
- oldpath or newpath was too long.
- ENOENT
- The link named by oldpath does not exist; or, a directory component in newpath does not exist; or, oldpath or newpath is an empty string.
- ENOMEM
- Insufficient kernel memory was available.
- ENOSPC
- The device containing the file has no room for the new directory entry.
- ENOTDIR
- A component used as a directory in oldpath or newpath is not, in fact, a directory. Or, oldpath is a directory, and newpath exists but is not a directory.
- ENOTEMPTY or EEXIST
- newpath is a nonempty directory, that is, contains entries other than "." and "..".
- EPERM or EACCES
- The directory containing oldpath has the sticky bit (S_ISVTX) set and the process's effective user ID is neither the user ID of the file to be deleted nor that of the directory containing it, and the process is not privileged (Linux: does not have the CAP_FOWNER capability); or newpath is an existing file and the directory containing it has the sticky bit set and the process's effective user ID is neither the user ID of the file to be replaced nor that of the directory containing it, and the process is not privileged (Linux: does not have the CAP_FOWNER capability); or the filesystem containing pathname does not support renaming of the type requested.
- EROFS
- The file is on a read-only filesystem.
- EXDEV
- oldpath and newpath are not on the same mounted filesystem. (Linux permits a filesystem to be mounted at multiple points, but rename() does not work across different mount points, even if the same filesystem is mounted on both.)
The following additional errors can occur for renameat() and renameat2():
- EBADF
- olddirfd or newdirfd is not a valid file descriptor.
- ENOTDIR
- oldpath is relative and olddirfd is a file descriptor referring to a file other than a directory; or similar for newpath and newdirfd
The following additional errors can occur for renameat2():
- EEXIST
- flags contains RENAME_NOREPLACE and newpath already exists.
- EINVAL
- An invalid flag was specified in flags.
- EINVAL
- Both RENAME_NOREPLACE and RENAME_EXCHANGE were specified in flags.
- EINVAL
- Both RENAME_WHITEOUT and RENAME_EXCHANGE were specified in flags.
- EINVAL
- The filesystem does not support one of the flags in flags.
- ENOENT
- flags contains RENAME_EXCHANGE and newpath does not exist.
- EPERM
- RENAME_WHITEOUT was specified in flags, but the caller does not have the CAP_MKNOD capability.
VERSIONS
renameat() was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16; library support was added to glibc in version 2.4.renameat2() was added to Linux in kernel 3.15.
CONFORMING TO
rename(): 4.3BSD, C89, C99, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.renameat(): POSIX.1-2008.
renameat2() is Linux-specific.