ffprobe-all • man page

ffprobe-all (1)

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NAME

ffprobe - ffprobe media prober

SYNOPSIS

ffprobe [options] [input_file]

DESCRIPTION

ffprobe gathers information from multimedia streams and prints it in human- and machine-readable fashion.

For example it can be used to check the format of the container used by a multimedia stream and the format and type of each media stream contained in it.

If a filename is specified in input, ffprobe will try to open and probe the file content. If the file cannot be opened or recognized as a multimedia file, a positive exit code is returned.

ffprobe may be employed both as a standalone application or in combination with a textual filter, which may perform more sophisticated processing, e.g. statistical processing or plotting.

Options are used to list some of the formats supported by ffprobe or for specifying which information to display, and for setting how ffprobe will show it.

ffprobe output is designed to be easily parsable by a textual filter, and consists of one or more sections of a form defined by the selected writer, which is specified by the print_format option.

Sections may contain other nested sections, and are identified by a name (which may be shared by other sections), and an unique name. See the output of sections.

Metadata tags stored in the container or in the streams are recognized and printed in the corresponding ``

FORMAT'', ``STREAM''

or ``

PROGRAM_STREAM''

section.

OPTIONS

All the numerical options, if not specified otherwise, accept a string representing a number as input, which may be followed by one of the

unit prefixes, for example: 'K', 'M', or 'G'.

If 'i' is appended to the

unit prefix, the complete prefix will be interpreted as a unit prefix for binary multiples, which are based on powers of 1024 instead of powers of 1000. Appending 'B' to the

unit prefix multiplies the value by 8. This allows using, for example: '

', 'MiB', 'G' and 'B' as number suffixes.

Options which do not take arguments are boolean options, and set the corresponding value to true. They can be set to false by prefixing the option name with ``no''. For example using ``-nofoo'' will set the boolean option with name ``foo'' to false.

Stream specifiers

Some options are applied per-stream, e.g. bitrate or codec. Stream specifiers are used to precisely specify which stream(s) a given option belongs to.

A stream specifier is a string generally appended to the option name and separated from it by a colon. E.g. "-codec:a:1 ac3" contains the "a:1" stream specifier, which matches the second audio stream. Therefore, it would select the ac3 codec for the second audio stream.

A stream specifier can match several streams, so that the option is applied to all of them. E.g. the stream specifier in "-b:a 128k" matches all audio streams.

An empty stream specifier matches all streams. For example, "-codec copy" or "-codec: copy" would copy all the streams without reencoding.

Possible forms of stream specifiers are:

stream_index: Matches the stream with this index. E.g. "-threads:1 4" would set the thread count for the second stream to 4.
stream_type[:stream_index]: stream_type is one of following: 'v' or 'V' for video, 'a' for audio, 's' for subtitle, 'd' for data, and 't' for attachments. 'v' matches all video streams, 'V' only matches video streams which are not attached pictures, video thumbnails or cover arts. If stream_index is given, then it matches stream number stream_index of this type. Otherwise, it matches all streams of this type.
p:program_id[:stream_index]: If stream_index is given, then it matches the stream with number stream_index in the program with the id program_id. Otherwise, it matches all streams in the program.
#stream_id or i:stream_id: Match the stream by stream id (e.g.
PID
in MPEG-TS container).
m:key[:value]: Matches streams with the metadata tag key having the specified value. If value is not given, matches streams that contain the given tag with any value.
u: Matches streams with usable configuration, the codec must be defined and the essential information such as video dimension or audio sample rate must be present.
Note that in ffmpeg, matching by metadata will only work properly for input files.

Generic options

These options are shared amongst the ff* tools.

-L

Show license.

-h, -?, -help, --help [arg]

Show help. An optional parameter may be specified to print help about a specific item. If no argument is specified, only basic (non advanced) tool options are shown.

Possible values of arg are:

long: Print advanced tool options in addition to the basic tool options.
full: Print complete list of options, including shared and private options for encoders, decoders, demuxers, muxers, filters, etc.
decoder=decoder_name: Print detailed information about the decoder named decoder_name. Use the -decoders option to get a list of all decoders.
encoder=encoder_name: Print detailed information about the encoder named encoder_name. Use the -encoders option to get a list of all encoders.
demuxer=demuxer_name: Print detailed information about the demuxer named demuxer_name. Use the -formats option to get a list of all demuxers and muxers.
muxer=muxer_name: Print detailed information about the muxer named muxer_name. Use the -formats option to get a list of all muxers and demuxers.
filter=filter_name: Print detailed information about the filter name filter_name. Use the -filters option to get a list of all filters.

-version

Show version.

-formats

Show available formats (including devices).

-devices

Show available devices.

-codecs

Show all codecs known to libavcodec.

Note that the term 'codec' is used throughout this documentation as a shortcut for what is more correctly called a media bitstream format.

-decoders

Show available decoders.

-encoders

Show all available encoders.

-bsfs

Show available bitstream filters.

-protocols

Show available protocols.

-filters

Show available libavfilter filters.

-pix_fmts

Show available pixel formats.

-sample_fmts

Show available sample formats.

-layouts

Show channel names and standard channel layouts.

-colors

Show recognized color names.

-sources device[,opt1=val1[,opt2=val2]...]

Show autodetected sources of the intput device. Some devices may provide system-dependent source names that cannot be autodetected. The returned list cannot be assumed to be always complete.

        ffmpeg -sources pulse,server=192.168.0.4

-sinks device[,opt1=val1[,opt2=val2]...]

Show autodetected sinks of the output device. Some devices may provide system-dependent sink names that cannot be autodetected. The returned list cannot be assumed to be always complete.

        ffmpeg -sinks pulse,server=192.168.0.4

-loglevel [repeat+]loglevel | -v [repeat+]loglevel

Set the logging level used by the library. Adding ``repeat+'' indicates that repeated log output should not be compressed to the first line and the ``Last message repeated n times'' line will be omitted. ``repeat'' can also be used alone. If ``repeat'' is used alone, and with no prior loglevel set, the default loglevel will be used. If multiple loglevel parameters are given, using 'repeat' will not change the loglevel. loglevel is a string or a number containing one of the following values:

quiet, -8: Show nothing at all; be silent.
panic, 0: Only show fatal errors which could lead the process to crash, such as and assert failure. This is not currently used for anything.
fatal, 8: Only show fatal errors. These are errors after which the process absolutely cannot continue after.
error, 16: Show all errors, including ones which can be recovered from.
warning, 24: Show all warnings and errors. Any message related to possibly incorrect or unexpected events will be shown.
info, 32: Show informative messages during processing. This is in addition to warnings and errors. This is the default value.
verbose, 40: Same as "info", except more verbose.
debug, 48: Show everything, including debugging information.
trace, 56

: By default the program logs to stderr, if coloring is supported by the terminal, colors are used to mark errors and warnings. Log coloring can be disabled setting the environment variable
AV_LOG_FORCE_NOCOLOR
or
NO_COLOR
, or can be forced setting the environment variable
AV_LOG_FORCE_COLOR
. The use of the environment variable
NO_COLOR
is deprecated and will be dropped in a following FFmpeg version.

-report

Dump full command line and console output to a file named "program-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS.log" in the current directory. This file can be useful for bug reports. It also implies "-loglevel verbose".

Setting the environment variable

FFREPORT

to any value has the same effect. If the value is a ':'-separated key=value sequence, these options will affect the report; option values must be escaped if they contain special characters or the options delimiter ':' (see the ``Quoting and escaping'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual).

The following options are recognized:

file: set the file name to use for the report; %p is expanded to the name of the program, %t is expanded to a timestamp, "%%" is expanded to a plain "%"
level: set the log verbosity level using a numerical value (see "-loglevel").

For example, to output a report to a file named ffreport.log using a log level of 32 (alias for log level "info"):

        FFREPORT=file=ffreport.log:level=32 ffmpeg -i input output

Errors in parsing the environment variable are not fatal, and will not appear in the report.

-hide_banner

Suppress printing banner.

All FFmpeg tools will normally show a copyright notice, build options and library versions. This option can be used to suppress printing this information.

-cpuflags flags (global)

Allows setting and clearing cpu flags. This option is intended for testing. Do not use it unless you know what you're doing.

        ffmpeg -cpuflags -sse+mmx ...
        ffmpeg -cpuflags mmx ...
        ffmpeg -cpuflags 0 ...

Possible flags for this option are:

x86

mmx
mmxext
sse
sse2
sse2slow
sse3
sse3slow
ssse3
atom
sse4.1
sse4.2
avx
avx2
xop
fma3
fma4
3dnow
3dnowext
bmi1
bmi2
cmov

ARM

armv5te
armv6
armv6t2
vfp
vfpv3
neon
setend

AArch64

armv8
vfp
neon

PowerPC

altivec

Specific Processors

pentium2
pentium3
pentium4
k6
k62
athlon
athlonxp
k8

-opencl_bench

This option is used to benchmark all available OpenCL devices and print the results. This option is only available when FFmpeg has been compiled with "--enable-opencl".

When FFmpeg is configured with "--enable-opencl", the options for the global OpenCL context are set via -opencl_options. See the ``OpenCL Options'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual for the complete list of supported options. Amongst others, these options include the ability to select a specific platform and device to run the OpenCL code on. By default, FFmpeg will run on the first device of the first platform. While the options for the global OpenCL context provide flexibility to the user in selecting the OpenCL device of their choice, most users would probably want to select the fastest OpenCL device for their system.

This option assists the selection of the most efficient configuration by identifying the appropriate device for the user's system. The built-in benchmark is run on all the OpenCL devices and the performance is measured for each device. The devices in the results list are sorted based on their performance with the fastest device listed first. The user can subsequently invoke ffmpeg using the device deemed most appropriate via -opencl_options to obtain the best performance for the OpenCL accelerated code.

Typical usage to use the fastest OpenCL device involve the following steps.

Run the command:

        ffmpeg -opencl_bench

Note down the platform

(pidx) and device

(didx) of the first i.e. fastest device in the list. Select the platform and device using the command:

        ffmpeg -opencl_options platform_idx=<pidx>:device_idx=<didx> ...

-opencl_options options (global)

Set OpenCL environment options. This option is only available when FFmpeg has been compiled with "--enable-opencl".

options must be a list of key=value option pairs separated by ':'. See the ``OpenCL Options'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual for the list of supported options.

AVOptions

These options are provided directly by the libavformat, libavdevice and libavcodec libraries. To see the list of available AVOptions, use the -help option. They are separated into two categories:

generic: These options can be set for any container, codec or device. Generic options are listed under AVFormatContext options for containers/devices and under AVCodecContext options for codecs.
private: These options are specific to the given container, device or codec. Private options are listed under their corresponding containers/devices/codecs.

For example to write an ID3v2.3 header instead of a default ID3v2.4 to an

MP3

file, use the id3v2_version private option of the

MP3

muxer:

        ffmpeg -i input.flac -id3v2_version 3 out.mp3

All codec AVOptions are per-stream, and thus a stream specifier should be attached to them.

Note: the -nooption syntax cannot be used for boolean AVOptions, use -option 0/-option 1.

Note: the old undocumented way of specifying per-stream AVOptions by prepending v/a/s to the options name is now obsolete and will be removed soon.

Main options

-f format

Force format to use.

-unit

Show the unit of the displayed values.

-prefix

Use

prefixes for the displayed values. Unless the ``-byte_binary_prefix'' option is used all the prefixes are decimal.

-byte_binary_prefix

Force the use of binary prefixes for byte values.

-sexagesimal

Use sexagesimal format

HH:MM:SS.MICROSECONDS

for time values.

-pretty

Prettify the format of the displayed values, it corresponds to the options ``-unit -prefix -byte_binary_prefix -sexagesimal''.

-of, -print_format writer_name[=writer_options]

Set the output printing format.

writer_name specifies the name of the writer, and writer_options specifies the options to be passed to the writer.

For example for printing the output in

JSON

format, specify:

        -print_format json

For more details on the available output printing formats, see the Writers section below.

-sections

Print sections structure and section information, and exit. The output is not meant to be parsed by a machine.

-select_streams stream_specifier

Select only the streams specified by stream_specifier. This option affects only the options related to streams (e.g. "show_streams", "show_packets", etc.).

For example to show only audio streams, you can use the command:

        ffprobe -show_streams -select_streams a INPUT

To show only video packets belonging to the video stream with index 1:

        ffprobe -show_packets -select_streams v:1 INPUT

-show_data

Show payload data, as a hexadecimal and

ASCII

dump. Coupled with -show_packets, it will dump the packets' data. Coupled with -show_streams, it will dump the codec extradata.

The dump is printed as the ``data'' field. It may contain newlines.

-show_data_hash algorithm

Show a hash of payload data, for packets with -show_packets and for codec extradata with -show_streams.

-show_error

Show information about the error found when trying to probe the input.

The error information is printed within a section with name ``

ERROR''.

-show_format

Show information about the container format of the input multimedia stream.

All the container format information is printed within a section with name ``

FORMAT''.

-show_format_entry name

Like -show_format, but only prints the specified entry of the container format information, rather than all. This option may be given more than once, then all specified entries will be shown.

This option is deprecated, use "show_entries" instead.

-show_entries section_entries

Set list of entries to show.

Entries are specified according to the following syntax. section_entries contains a list of section entries separated by ":". Each section entry is composed by a section name (or unique name), optionally followed by a list of entries local to that section, separated by ",".

If section name is specified but is followed by no "=", all entries are printed to output, together with all the contained sections. Otherwise only the entries specified in the local section entries list are printed. In particular, if "=" is specified but the list of local entries is empty, then no entries will be shown for that section.

Note that the order of specification of the local section entries is not honored in the output, and the usual display order will be retained.

The formal syntax is given by:

        <LOCAL_SECTION_ENTRIES> ::= <SECTION_ENTRY_NAME>[,<LOCAL_SECTION_ENTRIES>]
        <SECTION_ENTRY>         ::= <SECTION_NAME>[=[<LOCAL_SECTION_ENTRIES>]]
        <SECTION_ENTRIES>       ::= <SECTION_ENTRY>[:<SECTION_ENTRIES>]

For example, to show only the index and type of each stream, and the

PTS

time, duration time, and stream index of the packets, you can specify the argument:

        packet=pts_time,duration_time,stream_index : stream=index,codec_type

To show all the entries in the section ``format'', but only the codec type in the section ``stream'', specify the argument:

        format : stream=codec_type

To show all the tags in the stream and format sections:

        stream_tags : format_tags

To show only the "title" tag (if available) in the stream sections:

        stream_tags=title

-show_packets

Show information about each packet contained in the input multimedia stream.

The information for each single packet is printed within a dedicated section with name ``

PACKET''.

-show_frames

Show information about each frame and subtitle contained in the input multimedia stream.

The information for each single frame is printed within a dedicated section with name ``

FRAME''

or ``

SUBTITLE''.

-show_streams

Show information about each media stream contained in the input multimedia stream.

Each media stream information is printed within a dedicated section with name ``

STREAM''.

-show_programs

Show information about programs and their streams contained in the input multimedia stream.

Each media stream information is printed within a dedicated section with name ``

PROGRAM_STREAM''.

-show_chapters

Show information about chapters stored in the format.

Each chapter is printed within a dedicated section with name ``

CHAPTER''.

-count_frames

Count the number of frames per stream and report it in the corresponding stream section.

-count_packets

Count the number of packets per stream and report it in the corresponding stream section.

-read_intervals read_intervals

Read only the specified intervals. read_intervals must be a sequence of interval specifications separated by ``,''. ffprobe will seek to the interval starting point, and will continue reading from that.

Each interval is specified by two optional parts, separated by ``%''.

The first part specifies the interval start position. It is interpreted as an abolute position, or as a relative offset from the current position if it is preceded by the ``+'' character. If this first part is not specified, no seeking will be performed when reading this interval.

The second part specifies the interval end position. It is interpreted as an absolute position, or as a relative offset from the current position if it is preceded by the ``+'' character. If the offset specification starts with ``#'', it is interpreted as the number of packets to read (not including the flushing packets) from the interval start. If no second part is specified, the program will read until the end of the input.

Note that seeking is not accurate, thus the actual interval start point may be different from the specified position. Also, when an interval duration is specified, the absolute end time will be computed by adding the duration to the interval start point found by seeking the file, rather than to the specified start value.

The formal syntax is given by:

        <INTERVAL>  ::= [<START>|+<START_OFFSET>][%[<END>|+<END_OFFSET>]]
        <INTERVALS> ::= <INTERVAL>[,<INTERVALS>]

A few examples follow.

*

Seek to time 10, read packets until 20 seconds after the found seek point, then seek to position "01:30" (1 minute and thirty seconds) and read packets until position "01:45".

        10%+20,01:30%01:45

*

Read only 42 packets after seeking to position "01:23":

        01:23%+#42

*

Read only the first 20 seconds from the start:

        %+20

*

Read from the start until position "02:30":

        %02:30

-show_private_data, -private

Show private data, that is data depending on the format of the particular shown element. This option is enabled by default, but you may need to disable it for specific uses, for example when creating XSD-compliant

XML

output.

-show_program_version

Show information related to program version.

Version information is printed within a section with name ``

PROGRAM_VERSION''.

-show_library_versions

Show information related to library versions.

Version information for each library is printed within a section with name ``

LIBRARY_VERSION''.

-show_versions

Show information related to program and library versions. This is the equivalent of setting both -show_program_version and -show_library_versions options.

-show_pixel_formats

Show information about all pixel formats supported by FFmpeg.

Pixel format information for each format is printed within a section with name ``

PIXEL_FORMAT''.

-bitexact

Force bitexact output, useful to produce output which is not dependent on the specific build.

-i input_file

Read input_file.

WRITERS

A writer defines the output format adopted by ffprobe, and will be used for printing all the parts of the output.

A writer may accept one or more arguments, which specify the options to adopt. The options are specified as a list of key=value pairs, separated by ``:''.

All writers support the following options:

string_validation, sv

Set string validation mode.

The following values are accepted.

fail: The writer will fail immediately in case an invalid string (
UTF-8
) sequence or code point is found in the input. This is especially useful to validate input metadata.
ignore: Any validation error will be ignored. This will result in possibly broken output, especially with the json or xml writer.
replace: The writer will substitute invalid
UTF-8
sequences or code points with the string specified with the string_validation_replacement.

: Default value is replace.

string_validation_replacement, svr

Set replacement string to use in case string_validation is set to replace.

In case the option is not specified, the writer will assume the empty string, that is it will remove the invalid sequences from the input strings.

A description of the currently available writers follows.

default

Default format.

Print each section in the form:

        [SECTION]
        key1=val1
        ...
        keyN=valN
        [/SECTION]

Metadata tags are printed as a line in the corresponding

FORMAT, STREAM

PROGRAM_STREAM

section, and are prefixed by the string ``

TAG:''.

A description of the accepted options follows.

nokey, nk: If set to 1 specify not to print the key of each field. Default value is 0.
noprint_wrappers, nw: If set to 1 specify not to print the section header and footer. Default value is 0.

compact, csv

Compact and

CSV

format.

The "csv" writer is equivalent to "compact", but supports different defaults.

Each section is printed on a single line. If no option is specifid, the output has the form:

        section|key1=val1| ... |keyN=valN

Metadata tags are printed in the corresponding ``format'' or ``stream'' section. A metadata tag key, if printed, is prefixed by the string ``tag:''.

The description of the accepted options follows.

item_sep, s

Specify the character to use for separating fields in the output line. It must be a single printable character, it is ``|'' by default (``,'' for the "csv" writer).

nokey, nk

If set to 1 specify not to print the key of each field. Its default value is 0 (1 for the "csv" writer).

escape, e

Set the escape mode to use, default to ``c'' (``csv'' for the "csv" writer).

It can assume one of the following values:

c: Perform C-like escaping. Strings containing a newline (\n), carriage return (\r), a tab (\t), a form feed (\f), the escaping character (\) or the item separator character
SEP
are escaped using C-like fashioned escaping, so that a newline is converted to the sequence \n, a carriage return to \r, \ to \\ and the separator
SEP
is converted to \
SEP
.
csv: Perform CSV-like escaping, as described in
RFC4180.
Strings containing a newline (\n), a carriage return (\r), a double quote ("), or
SEP
are enclosed in double-quotes.
none: Perform no escaping.

print_section, p

Print the section name at the begin of each line if the value is 1, disable it with value set to 0. Default value is 1.

flat

Flat format.

A free-form output where each line contains an explicit key=value, such as ``streams.stream.3.tags.foo=bar''. The output is shell escaped, so it can be directly embedded in sh scripts as long as the separator character is an alphanumeric character or an underscore (see sep_char option).

The description of the accepted options follows.

sep_char, s: Separator character used to separate the chapter, the section name, IDs and potential tags in the printed field key.
Default value is ..
hierarchical, h: Specify if the section name specification should be hierarchical. If set to 1, and if there is more than one section in the current chapter, the section name will be prefixed by the name of the chapter. A value of 0 will disable this behavior.
Default value is 1.

ini

INI

format output.

Print output in an

INI

based format.

The following conventions are adopted:

*: all key and values are
UTF-8
*: . is the subgroup separator
*: newline, \t, \f, \b and the following characters are escaped
*: \ is the escape character
*: # is the comment indicator
*: = is the key/value separator
*: : is not used but usually parsed as key/value separator

This writer accepts options as a list of key=value pairs, separated by :.

The description of the accepted options follows.

hierarchical, h: Specify if the section name specification should be hierarchical. If set to 1, and if there is more than one section in the current chapter, the section name will be prefixed by the name of the chapter. A value of 0 will disable this behavior.
Default value is 1.

json

JSON

based format.

Each section is printed using

JSON

notation.

The description of the accepted options follows.

compact, c: If set to 1 enable compact output, that is each section will be printed on a single line. Default value is 0.

For more information about

JSON,

see <www.json.org>.

xml

XML

based format.

The

XML

output is described in the

XML

schema description file ffprobe.xsd installed in the FFmpeg datadir.

An updated version of the schema can be retrieved at the url <www.ffmpeg.org/schema/ffprobe.xsd>, which redirects to the latest schema committed into the FFmpeg development source code tree.

Note that the output issued will be compliant to the ffprobe.xsd schema only when no special global output options (unit, prefix, byte_binary_prefix, sexagesimal etc.) are specified.

The description of the accepted options follows.

fully_qualified, q: If set to 1 specify if the output should be fully qualified. Default value is 0. This is required for generating an
XML
file which can be validated through an
XSD
file.
xsd_compliant, x: If set to 1 perform more checks for ensuring that the output is
XSD
compliant. Default value is 0. This option automatically sets fully_qualified to 1.

For more information about the

XML

format, see <www.w3.org/XML>.

TIMECODE

ffprobe supports Timecode extraction:

*: MPEG1/2
timecode is extracted from the
GOP,
and is available in the video stream details (-show_streams, see timecode).
*: MOV
timecode is extracted from tmcd track, so is available in the tmcd stream metadata (-show_streams, see TAG:timecode).
*: DV, GXF
and
AVI
timecodes are available in format metadata (-show_format, see TAG:timecode).

SYNTAX

This section documents the syntax and formats employed by the FFmpeg libraries and tools.

Quoting and escaping

FFmpeg adopts the following quoting and escaping mechanism, unless explicitly specified. The following rules are applied:

*: ' and \ are special characters (respectively used for quoting and escaping). In addition to them, there might be other special characters depending on the specific syntax where the escaping and quoting are employed.
*: A special character is escaped by prefixing it with a \.
*: All characters enclosed between '' are included literally in the parsed string. The quote character ' itself cannot be quoted, so you may need to close the quote and escape it.
*: Leading and trailing whitespaces, unless escaped or quoted, are removed from the parsed string.

Note that you may need to add a second level of escaping when using the command line or a script, which depends on the syntax of the adopted shell language.

The function "av_get_token" defined in libavutil/avstring.h can be used to parse a token quoted or escaped according to the rules defined above.

The tool tools/ffescape in the FFmpeg source tree can be used to automatically quote or escape a string in a script.

Examples

*

Escape the string "Crime d'Amour" containing the "'" special character:

        Crime d\'Amour

*

The string above contains a quote, so the "'" needs to be escaped when quoting it:

        'Crime d'\''Amour'

*

Include leading or trailing whitespaces using quoting:

        '  this string starts and ends with whitespaces  '

*

Escaping and quoting can be mixed together:

        ' The string '\'string\'' is a string '

*

To include a literal \ you can use either escaping or quoting:

        'c:\foo' can be written as c:\\foo

Date

The accepted syntax is:

        [(YYYY-MM-DD|YYYYMMDD)[T|t| ]]((HH:MM:SS[.m...]]])|(HHMMSS[.m...]]]))[Z]
        now

If the value is ``now'' it takes the current time.

Time is local time unless Z is appended, in which case it is interpreted as

UTC.

If the year-month-day part is not specified it takes the current year-month-day.

Time duration

There are two accepted syntaxes for expressing time duration.

        [-][<HH>:]<MM>:<SS>[.<m>...]

expresses the number of hours,

the number of minutes for a maximum of 2 digits, and

the number of seconds for a maximum of 2 digits. The m at the end expresses decimal value for

        [-]<S>+[.<m>...]

S expresses the number of seconds, with the optional decimal part m.

In both expressions, the optional - indicates negative duration.

Examples

The following examples are all valid time duration:

55: 55 seconds
12:03:45: 12 hours, 03 minutes and 45 seconds
23.189: 23.189 seconds

Video size

Specify the size of the sourced video, it may be a string of the form widthxheight, or the name of a size abbreviation.

The following abbreviations are recognized:

ntsc: 720x480
pal: 720x576
qntsc: 352x240
qpal: 352x288
sntsc: 640x480
spal: 768x576
film: 352x240
ntsc-film: 352x240
sqcif: 128x96
qcif: 176x144
cif: 352x288
4cif: 704x576
16cif: 1408x1152
qqvga: 160x120
qvga: 320x240
vga: 640x480
svga: 800x600
xga: 1024x768
uxga: 1600x1200
qxga: 2048x1536
sxga: 1280x1024
qsxga: 2560x2048
hsxga: 5120x4096
wvga: 852x480
wxga: 1366x768
wsxga: 1600x1024
wuxga: 1920x1200
woxga: 2560x1600
wqsxga: 3200x2048
wquxga: 3840x2400
whsxga: 6400x4096
whuxga: 7680x4800
cga: 320x200
ega: 640x350
hd480: 852x480
hd720: 1280x720
hd1080: 1920x1080
2k: 2048x1080
2kflat: 1998x1080
2kscope: 2048x858
4k: 4096x2160
4kflat: 3996x2160
4kscope: 4096x1716
nhd: 640x360
hqvga: 240x160
wqvga: 400x240
fwqvga: 432x240
hvga: 480x320
qhd: 960x540
2kdci: 2048x1080
4kdci: 4096x2160
uhd2160: 3840x2160
uhd4320: 7680x4320

Video rate

Specify the frame rate of a video, expressed as the number of frames generated per second. It has to be a string in the format frame_rate_num/frame_rate_den, an integer number, a float number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation.

The following abbreviations are recognized:

ntsc: 30000/1001
pal: 25/1
qntsc: 30000/1001
qpal: 25/1
sntsc: 30000/1001
spal: 25/1
film: 24/1
ntsc-film: 24000/1001

Ratio

A ratio can be expressed as an expression, or in the form numerator:denominator.

Note that a ratio with infinite (1/0) or negative value is considered valid, so you should check on the returned value if you want to exclude those values.

The undefined value can be expressed using the ``0:0'' string.

Color

It can be the name of a color as defined below (case insensitive match) or a "[0x|#]RRGGBB[AA]" sequence, possibly followed by @ and a string representing the alpha component.

The alpha component may be a string composed by ``0x'' followed by an hexadecimal number or a decimal number between 0.0 and 1.0, which represents the opacity value (0x00 or 0.0 means completely transparent, 0xff or 1.0 completely opaque). If the alpha component is not specified then 0xff is assumed.

The string random will result in a random color.

The following names of colors are recognized:

AliceBlue: 0xF0F8FF
AntiqueWhite: 0xFAEBD7
Aqua: 0x00FFFF
Aquamarine: 0x7FFFD4
Azure: 0xF0FFFF
Beige: 0xF5F5DC
Bisque: 0xFFE4C4
Black: 0x000000
BlanchedAlmond: 0xFFEBCD
Blue: 0x0000FF
BlueViolet: 0x8A2BE2
Brown: 0xA52A2A
BurlyWood: 0xDEB887
CadetBlue: 0x5F9EA0
Chartreuse: 0x7FFF00
Chocolate: 0xD2691E
Coral: 0xFF7F50
CornflowerBlue: 0x6495ED
Cornsilk: 0xFFF8DC
Crimson: 0xDC143C
Cyan: 0x00FFFF
DarkBlue: 0x00008B
DarkCyan: 0x008B8B
DarkGoldenRod: 0xB8860B
DarkGray: 0xA9A9A9
DarkGreen: 0x006400
DarkKhaki: 0xBDB76B
DarkMagenta: 0x8B008B
DarkOliveGreen: 0x556B2F
Darkorange: 0xFF8C00
DarkOrchid: 0x9932CC
DarkRed: 0x8B0000
DarkSalmon: 0xE9967A
DarkSeaGreen: 0x8FBC8F
DarkSlateBlue: 0x483D8B
DarkSlateGray: 0x2F4F4F
DarkTurquoise: 0x00CED1
DarkViolet: 0x9400D3
DeepPink: 0xFF1493
DeepSkyBlue: 0x00BFFF
DimGray: 0x696969
DodgerBlue: 0x1E90FF
FireBrick: 0xB22222
FloralWhite: 0xFFFAF0
ForestGreen: 0x228B22
Fuchsia: 0xFF00FF
Gainsboro: 0xDCDCDC
GhostWhite: 0xF8F8FF
Gold: 0xFFD700
GoldenRod: 0xDAA520
Gray: 0x808080
Green: 0x008000
GreenYellow: 0xADFF2F
HoneyDew: 0xF0FFF0
HotPink: 0xFF69B4
IndianRed: 0xCD5C5C
Indigo: 0x4B0082
Ivory: 0xFFFFF0
Khaki: 0xF0E68C
Lavender: 0xE6E6FA
LavenderBlush: 0xFFF0F5
LawnGreen: 0x7CFC00
LemonChiffon: 0xFFFACD
LightBlue: 0xADD8E6
LightCoral: 0xF08080
LightCyan: 0xE0FFFF
LightGoldenRodYellow: 0xFAFAD2
LightGreen: 0x90EE90
LightGrey: 0xD3D3D3
LightPink: 0xFFB6C1
LightSalmon: 0xFFA07A
LightSeaGreen: 0x20B2AA
LightSkyBlue: 0x87CEFA
LightSlateGray: 0x778899
LightSteelBlue: 0xB0C4DE
LightYellow: 0xFFFFE0
Lime: 0x00FF00
LimeGreen: 0x32CD32
Linen: 0xFAF0E6
Magenta: 0xFF00FF
Maroon: 0x800000
MediumAquaMarine: 0x66CDAA
MediumBlue: 0x0000CD
MediumOrchid: 0xBA55D3
MediumPurple: 0x9370D8
MediumSeaGreen: 0x3CB371
MediumSlateBlue: 0x7B68EE
MediumSpringGreen: 0x00FA9A
MediumTurquoise: 0x48D1CC
MediumVioletRed: 0xC71585
MidnightBlue: 0x191970
MintCream: 0xF5FFFA
MistyRose: 0xFFE4E1
Moccasin: 0xFFE4B5
NavajoWhite: 0xFFDEAD
Navy: 0x000080
OldLace: 0xFDF5E6
Olive: 0x808000
OliveDrab: 0x6B8E23
Orange: 0xFFA500
OrangeRed: 0xFF4500
Orchid: 0xDA70D6
PaleGoldenRod: 0xEEE8AA
PaleGreen: 0x98FB98
PaleTurquoise: 0xAFEEEE
PaleVioletRed: 0xD87093
PapayaWhip: 0xFFEFD5
PeachPuff: 0xFFDAB9
Peru: 0xCD853F
Pink: 0xFFC0CB
Plum: 0xDDA0DD
PowderBlue: 0xB0E0E6
Purple: 0x800080
Red: 0xFF0000
RosyBrown: 0xBC8F8F
RoyalBlue: 0x4169E1
SaddleBrown: 0x8B4513
Salmon: 0xFA8072
SandyBrown: 0xF4A460
SeaGreen: 0x2E8B57
SeaShell: 0xFFF5EE
Sienna: 0xA0522D
Silver: 0xC0C0C0
SkyBlue: 0x87CEEB
SlateBlue: 0x6A5ACD
SlateGray: 0x708090
Snow: 0xFFFAFA
SpringGreen: 0x00FF7F
SteelBlue: 0x4682B4
Tan: 0xD2B48C
Teal: 0x008080
Thistle: 0xD8BFD8
Tomato: 0xFF6347
Turquoise: 0x40E0D0
Violet: 0xEE82EE
Wheat: 0xF5DEB3
White: 0xFFFFFF
WhiteSmoke: 0xF5F5F5
Yellow: 0xFFFF00
YellowGreen: 0x9ACD32

Channel Layout

A channel layout specifies the spatial disposition of the channels in a multi-channel audio stream. To specify a channel layout, FFmpeg makes use of a special syntax.

Individual channels are identified by an id, as given by the table below:

FL: front left
FR: front right
FC: front center
LFE: low frequency
BL: back left
BR: back right
FLC: front left-of-center
FRC: front right-of-center
BC: back center
SL: side left
SR: side right
TC: top center
TFL: top front left
TFC: top front center
TFR: top front right
TBL: top back left
TBC: top back center
TBR: top back right
DL: downmix left
DR: downmix right
WL: wide left
WR: wide right
SDL: surround direct left
SDR: surround direct right
LFE2: low frequency 2

Standard channel layout compositions can be specified by using the following identifiers:

mono: FC
stereo: FL+FR
2.1: FL+FR+LFE
3.0: FL+FR+FC
3.0(back): FL+FR+BC
4.0: FL+FR+FC+BC
quad: FL+FR+BL+BR
quad(side): FL+FR+SL+SR
3.1: FL+FR+FC+LFE
5.0: FL+FR+FC+BL+BR
5.0(side): FL+FR+FC+SL+SR
4.1: FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC
5.1: FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR
5.1(side): FL+FR+FC+LFE+SL+SR
6.0: FL+FR+FC+BC+SL+SR
6.0(front): FL+FR+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
hexagonal: FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC
6.1: FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC+SL+SR
6.1: FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+BC
6.1(front): FL+FR+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
7.0: FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+SL+SR
7.0(front): FL+FR+FC+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
7.1: FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+SL+SR
7.1(wide): FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+FLC+FRC
7.1(wide-side): FL+FR+FC+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR
octagonal: FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC+SL+SR
downmix: DL+DR

A custom channel layout can be specified as a sequence of terms, separated by '+' or '|'. Each term can be:

*: the name of a standard channel layout (e.g. mono, stereo, 4.0, quad, 5.0, etc.)
*: the name of a single channel (e.g.
FL
,
FR
,
FC
,
LFE
, etc.)
*: a number of channels, in decimal, optionally followed by 'c', yielding the default channel layout for that number of channels (see the function "av_get_default_channel_layout")
*: a channel layout mask, in hexadecimal starting with ``0x'' (see the "AV_CH_*" macros in libavutil/channel_layout.h.

Starting from libavutil version 53 the trailing character ``c'' to specify a number of channels will be required, while a channel layout mask could also be specified as a decimal number (if and only if not followed by ``c'').

See also the function "av_get_channel_layout" defined in libavutil/channel_layout.h.

EXPRESSION EVALUATION

When evaluating an arithmetic expression, FFmpeg uses an internal formula evaluator, implemented through the libavutil/eval.h interface.

An expression may contain unary, binary operators, constants, and functions.

Two expressions expr1 and expr2 can be combined to form another expression "expr1;expr2". expr1 and expr2 are evaluated in turn, and the new expression evaluates to the value of expr2.

The following binary operators are available: "+", "-", "*", "/", "^".

The following unary operators are available: "+", "-".

The following functions are available:

abs(x)

Compute absolute value of x.

acos(x)

Compute arccosine of x.

asin(x)

Compute arcsine of x.

atan(x)

Compute arctangent of x.

between(x, min, max)

Return 1 if x is greater than or equal to min and lesser than or equal to max, 0 otherwise.

bitand(x, y)

bitor(x, y)

Compute bitwise and/or operation on x and y.

The results of the evaluation of x and y are converted to integers before executing the bitwise operation.

Note that both the conversion to integer and the conversion back to floating point can lose precision. Beware of unexpected results for large numbers (usually 2^53 and larger).

ceil(expr)

Round the value of expression expr upwards to the nearest integer. For example, ``ceil(1.5)'' is ``2.0''.

clip(x, min, max)

Return the value of x clipped between min and max.

cos(x)

Compute cosine of x.

cosh(x)

Compute hyperbolic cosine of x.

eq(x, y)

Return 1 if x and y are equivalent, 0 otherwise.

exp(x)

Compute exponential of x (with base "e", the Euler's number).

floor(expr)

Round the value of expression expr downwards to the nearest integer. For example, ``floor(-1.5)'' is ``-2.0''.

gauss(x)

Compute Gauss function of x, corresponding to "exp(-x*x/2) / sqrt(2*PI)".

gcd(x, y)

Return the greatest common divisor of x and y. If both x and y are 0 or either or both are less than zero then behavior is undefined.

gt(x, y)

Return 1 if x is greater than y, 0 otherwise.

gte(x, y)

Return 1 if x is greater than or equal to y, 0 otherwise.

hypot(x, y)

This function is similar to the C function with the same name; it returns "sqrt(x*x + y*y)", the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with sides of length x and y, or the distance of the point (x, y) from the origin.

if(x, y)

Evaluate x, and if the result is non-zero return the result of the evaluation of y, return 0 otherwise.

if(x, y, z)

Evaluate x, and if the result is non-zero return the evaluation result of y, otherwise the evaluation result of z.

ifnot(x, y)

Evaluate x, and if the result is zero return the result of the evaluation of y, return 0 otherwise.

ifnot(x, y, z)

Evaluate x, and if the result is zero return the evaluation result of y, otherwise the evaluation result of z.

isinf(x)

Return 1.0 if x is +/-INFINITY, 0.0 otherwise.

isnan(x)

Return 1.0 if x is

NAN, 0.0

otherwise.

ld(var)

Load the value of the internal variable with number var, which was previously stored with st(var, expr). The function returns the loaded value.

log(x)

Compute natural logarithm of x.

lt(x, y)

Return 1 if x is lesser than y, 0 otherwise.

lte(x, y)

Return 1 if x is lesser than or equal to y, 0 otherwise.

max(x, y)

Return the maximum between x and y.

min(x, y)

Return the maximum between x and y.

mod(x, y)

Compute the remainder of division of x by y.

not(expr)

Return 1.0 if expr is zero, 0.0 otherwise.

pow(x, y)

Compute the power of x elevated y, it is equivalent to "(x)^(y)".

print(t)

print(t, l)

Print the value of expression t with loglevel l. If l is not specified then a default log level is used. Returns the value of the expression printed.

Prints t with loglevel l

random(x)

Return a pseudo random value between 0.0 and 1.0. x is the index of the internal variable which will be used to save the seed/state.

root(expr, max)

Find an input value for which the function represented by expr with argument ld(0) is 0 in the interval 0..max.

The expression in expr must denote a continuous function or the result is undefined.

ld(0) is used to represent the function input value, which means that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times with various input values that the expression can access through ld(0). When the expression evaluates to 0 then the corresponding input value will be returned.

sin(x)

Compute sine of x.

sinh(x)

Compute hyperbolic sine of x.

sqrt(expr)

Compute the square root of expr. This is equivalent to "(expr)^.5".

squish(x)

Compute expression "1/(1 + exp(4*x))".

st(var, expr)

Store the value of the expression expr in an internal variable. var specifies the number of the variable where to store the value, and it is a value ranging from 0 to 9. The function returns the value stored in the internal variable. Note, Variables are currently not shared between expressions.

tan(x)

Compute tangent of x.

tanh(x)

Compute hyperbolic tangent of x.

taylor(expr, x)

taylor(expr, x, id)

Evaluate a Taylor series at x, given an expression representing the "ld(id)"-th derivative of a function at 0.

When the series does not converge the result is undefined.

ld(id) is used to represent the derivative order in expr, which means that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times with various input values that the expression can access through "ld(id)". If id is not specified then 0 is assumed.

Note, when you have the derivatives at y instead of 0, "taylor(expr, x-y)" can be used.

time(0)

Return the current (wallclock) time in seconds.

trunc(expr)

Round the value of expression expr towards zero to the nearest integer. For example, ``trunc(-1.5)'' is ``-1.0''.

while(cond, expr)

Evaluate expression expr while the expression cond is non-zero, and returns the value of the last expr evaluation, or

NAN

if cond was always false.

The following constants are available:

PI: area of the unit disc, approximately 3.14
E: exp(1) (Euler's number), approximately 2.718
PHI: golden ratio (1+sqrt(5))/2, approximately 1.618

Assuming that an expression is considered ``true'' if it has a non-zero value, note that:

"*" works like

AND

"+" works like

For example the construct:

        if (A AND B) then C

is equivalent to:

        if(A*B, C)

In your C code, you can extend the list of unary and binary functions, and define recognized constants, so that they are available for your expressions.

The evaluator also recognizes the International System unit prefixes. If 'i' is appended after the prefix, binary prefixes are used, which are based on powers of 1024 instead of powers of 1000. The 'B' postfix multiplies the value by 8, and can be appended after a unit prefix or used alone. This allows using for example '

', 'MiB', 'G' and 'B' as number postfix.

The list of available International System prefixes follows, with indication of the corresponding powers of 10 and of 2.

y: 10^-24 / 2^-80
z: 10^-21 / 2^-70
a: 10^-18 / 2^-60
f: 10^-15 / 2^-50
p: 10^-12 / 2^-40
n: 10^-9 / 2^-30
u: 10^-6 / 2^-20
m: 10^-3 / 2^-10
c: 10^-2
d: 10^-1
h: 10^2
k: 10^3 / 2^10
K: 10^3 / 2^10
M: 10^6 / 2^20
G: 10^9 / 2^30
T: 10^12 / 2^40
P: 10^15 / 2^40
E: 10^18 / 2^50
Z: 10^21 / 2^60
Y: 10^24 / 2^70

OPENCL OPTIONS

When FFmpeg is configured with "--enable-opencl", it is possible to set the options for the global OpenCL context.

The list of supported options follows:

build_options: Set build options used to compile the registered kernels.
See reference ``OpenCL Specification Version: 1.2 chapter 5.6.4''.
platform_idx: Select the index of the platform to run OpenCL code.
The specified index must be one of the indexes in the device list which can be obtained with "ffmpeg -opencl_bench" or "av_opencl_get_device_list()".
device_idx: Select the index of the device used to run OpenCL code.
The specified index must be one of the indexes in the device list which can be obtained with "ffmpeg -opencl_bench" or "av_opencl_get_device_list()".

CODEC OPTIONS

libavcodec provides some generic global options, which can be set on all the encoders and decoders. In addition each codec may support so-called private options, which are specific for a given codec.

Sometimes, a global option may only affect a specific kind of codec, and may be nonsensical or ignored by another, so you need to be aware of the meaning of the specified options. Also some options are meant only for decoding or encoding.

Options may be set by specifying -option value in the FFmpeg tools, or by setting the value explicitly in the "AVCodecContext" options or using the libavutil/opt.h

API

for programmatic use.

The list of supported options follow:

b integer (encoding,audio,video)

Set bitrate in bits/s. Default value is 200K.

ab integer (encoding,audio)

Set audio bitrate (in bits/s). Default value is 128K.

bt integer (encoding,video)

Set video bitrate tolerance (in bits/s). In 1-pass mode, bitrate tolerance specifies how far ratecontrol is willing to deviate from the target average bitrate value. This is not related to min/max bitrate. Lowering tolerance too much has an adverse effect on quality.

flags flags (decoding/encoding,audio,video,subtitles)

Set generic flags.

Possible values:

mv4: Use four motion vector by macroblock (mpeg4).
qpel: Use 1/4 pel motion compensation.
loop: Use loop filter.
qscale: Use fixed qscale.
gmc: Use gmc.
mv0: Always try a mb with mv=<0,0>.
input_preserved
pass1: Use internal 2pass ratecontrol in first pass mode.
pass2: Use internal 2pass ratecontrol in second pass mode.
gray: Only decode/encode grayscale.
emu_edge: Do not draw edges.
psnr: Set error[?] variables during encoding.
truncated
naq: Normalize adaptive quantization.
ildct: Use interlaced
DCT.
low_delay: Force low delay.
global_header: Place global headers in extradata instead of every keyframe.
bitexact: Only write platform-, build- and time-independent data. (except (I)DCT). This ensures that file and data checksums are reproducible and match between platforms. Its primary use is for regression testing.
aic: Apply H263 advanced intra coding / mpeg4 ac prediction.
cbp: Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.
qprd: Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.
ilme: Apply interlaced motion estimation.
cgop: Use closed gop.

me_method integer (encoding,video)

Set motion estimation method.

Possible values:

zero: zero motion estimation (fastest)
full: full motion estimation (slowest)
epzs: EPZS
motion estimation (default)
esa: esa motion estimation (alias for full)
tesa: tesa motion estimation
dia: dia motion estimation (alias for epzs)
log: log motion estimation
phods: phods motion estimation
x1: X1 motion estimation
hex: hex motion estimation
umh: umh motion estimation
iter: iter motion estimation

extradata_size integer

Set extradata size.

time_base rational number

Set codec time base.

It is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms of which frame timestamps are represented. For fixed-fps content, timebase should be "1 / frame_rate" and timestamp increments should be identically 1.

g integer (encoding,video)

Set the group of picture size. Default value is 12.

ar integer (decoding/encoding,audio)

Set audio sampling rate (in Hz).

ac integer (decoding/encoding,audio)

Set number of audio channels.

cutoff integer (encoding,audio)

Set cutoff bandwidth.

frame_size integer (encoding,audio)

Set audio frame size.

Each submitted frame except the last must contain exactly frame_size samples per channel. May be 0 when the codec has

CODEC_CAP_VARIABLE_FRAME_SIZE

set, in that case the frame size is not restricted. It is set by some decoders to indicate constant frame size.

frame_number integer

Set the frame number.

delay integer

qcomp float (encoding,video)

Set video quantizer scale compression (

VBR

). It is used as a constant in the ratecontrol equation. Recommended range for default rc_eq: 0.0-1.0.

qblur float (encoding,video)

Set video quantizer scale blur (

VBR

qmin integer (encoding,video)

Set min video quantizer scale (

VBR

). Must be included between -1 and 69, default value is 2.

qmax integer (encoding,video)

Set max video quantizer scale (

VBR

). Must be included between -1 and 1024, default value is 31.

qdiff integer (encoding,video)

Set max difference between the quantizer scale (

VBR

bf integer (encoding,video)

Set max number of B frames between non-B-frames.

Must be an integer between -1 and 16. 0 means that B-frames are disabled. If a value of -1 is used, it will choose an automatic value depending on the encoder.

Default value is 0.

b_qfactor float (encoding,video)

Set qp factor between P and B frames.

rc_strategy integer (encoding,video)

Set ratecontrol method.

b_strategy integer (encoding,video)

Set strategy to choose between I/P/B-frames.

ps integer (encoding,video)

Set

RTP

payload size in bytes.

mv_bits integer

header_bits integer

i_tex_bits integer

p_tex_bits integer

i_count integer

p_count integer

skip_count integer

misc_bits integer

frame_bits integer

codec_tag integer

bug flags (decoding,video)

Workaround not auto detected encoder bugs.

Possible values:

autodetect
old_msmpeg4: some old lavc generated msmpeg4v3 files (no autodetection)
xvid_ilace: Xvid interlacing bug (autodetected if fourcc==XVIX)
ump4: (autodetected if fourcc==UMP4)
no_padding: padding bug (autodetected)
amv
ac_vlc: illegal vlc bug (autodetected per fourcc)
qpel_chroma
std_qpel: old standard qpel (autodetected per fourcc/version)
qpel_chroma2
direct_blocksize: direct-qpel-blocksize bug (autodetected per fourcc/version)
edge: edge padding bug (autodetected per fourcc/version)
hpel_chroma
dc_clip
ms: Workaround various bugs in microsoft broken decoders.
trunc: trancated frames

lelim integer (encoding,video)

Set single coefficient elimination threshold for luminance (negative values also consider

coefficient).

celim integer (encoding,video)

Set single coefficient elimination threshold for chrominance (negative values also consider dc coefficient)

strict integer (decoding/encoding,audio,video)

Specify how strictly to follow the standards.

Possible values:

very: strictly conform to a older more strict version of the spec or reference software
strict: strictly conform to all the things in the spec no matter what consequences
normal
unofficial: allow unofficial extensions
experimental: allow non standardized experimental things, experimental (unfinished/work in progress/not well tested) decoders and encoders. Note: experimental decoders can pose a security risk, do not use this for decoding untrusted input.

b_qoffset float (encoding,video)

Set

offset between P and B frames.

err_detect flags (decoding,audio,video)

Set error detection flags.

Possible values:

crccheck: verify embedded CRCs
bitstream: detect bitstream specification deviations
buffer: detect improper bitstream length
explode: abort decoding on minor error detection
ignore_err: ignore decoding errors, and continue decoding. This is useful if you want to analyze the content of a video and thus want everything to be decoded no matter what. This option will not result in a video that is pleasing to watch in case of errors.
careful: consider things that violate the spec and have not been seen in the wild as errors
compliant: consider all spec non compliancies as errors
aggressive: consider things that a sane encoder should not do as an error

has_b_frames integer

block_align integer

mpeg_quant integer (encoding,video)

Use

MPEG

quantizers instead of H.263.

qsquish float (encoding,video)

How to keep quantizer between qmin and qmax (0 = clip, 1 = use differentiable function).

rc_qmod_amp float (encoding,video)

Set experimental quantizer modulation.

rc_qmod_freq integer (encoding,video)

Set experimental quantizer modulation.

rc_override_count integer

rc_eq string (encoding,video)

Set rate control equation. When computing the expression, besides the standard functions defined in the section 'Expression Evaluation', the following functions are available: bits2qp(bits), qp2bits(qp). Also the following constants are available: iTex pTex tex mv fCode iCount mcVar var isI isP isB avgQP qComp avgIITex avgPITex avgPPTex avgBPTex avgTex.

maxrate integer (encoding,audio,video)

Set max bitrate tolerance (in bits/s). Requires bufsize to be set.

minrate integer (encoding,audio,video)

Set min bitrate tolerance (in bits/s). Most useful in setting up a

CBR

encode. It is of little use elsewise.

bufsize integer (encoding,audio,video)

Set ratecontrol buffer size (in bits).

rc_buf_aggressivity float (encoding,video)

Currently useless.

i_qfactor float (encoding,video)

Set

factor between P and I frames.

i_qoffset float (encoding,video)

Set

offset between P and I frames.

rc_init_cplx float (encoding,video)

Set initial complexity for 1-pass encoding.

dct integer (encoding,video)

Set

DCT

algorithm.

Possible values:

auto: autoselect a good one (default)
fastint: fast integer
int: accurate integer
mmx
altivec
faan: floating point
AAN DCT

lumi_mask float (encoding,video)

Compress bright areas stronger than medium ones.

tcplx_mask float (encoding,video)

Set temporal complexity masking.

scplx_mask float (encoding,video)

Set spatial complexity masking.

p_mask float (encoding,video)

Set inter masking.

dark_mask float (encoding,video)

Compress dark areas stronger than medium ones.

idct integer (decoding/encoding,video)

Select

IDCT

implementation.

Possible values:

auto
int
simple
simplemmx
simpleauto: Automatically pick a
IDCT
compatible with the simple one
arm
altivec
sh4
simplearm
simplearmv5te
simplearmv6
simpleneon
simplealpha
ipp
xvidmmx
faani: floating point
AAN IDCT

slice_count integer

ec flags (decoding,video)

Set error concealment strategy.

Possible values:

guess_mvs: iterative motion vector (
MV
) search (slow)
deblock: use strong deblock filter for damaged MBs
favor_inter: favor predicting from the previous frame instead of the current

bits_per_coded_sample integer

pred integer (encoding,video)

Set prediction method.

Possible values:

left
plane
median

aspect rational number (encoding,video)

Set sample aspect ratio.

debug flags (decoding/encoding,audio,video,subtitles)

Print specific debug info.

Possible values:

pict: picture info
rc: rate control
bitstream
mb_type: macroblock (
MB
) type
qp: per-block quantization parameter (
QP
)
mv: motion vector
dct_coeff
green_metadata: display complexity metadata for the upcoming frame, GoP or for a given duration.
skip
startcode
pts
er: error recognition
mmco: memory management control operations (H.264)
bugs
vis_qp: visualize quantization parameter (
QP
), lower
QP
are tinted greener
vis_mb_type: visualize block types
buffers: picture buffer allocations
thread_ops: threading operations
nomc: skip motion compensation

vismv integer (decoding,video)

Visualize motion vectors (MVs).

This option is deprecated, see the codecview filter instead.

Possible values:

pf: forward predicted MVs of P-frames
bf: forward predicted MVs of B-frames
bb: backward predicted MVs of B-frames

cmp integer (encoding,video)

Set full pel me compare function.

Possible values:

sad: sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
sse: sum of squared errors
satd: sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
dct: sum of absolute
DCT
transformed differences
psnr: sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
bit: number of bits needed for the block
rd: rate distortion optimal, slow
zero: 0
vsad: sum of absolute vertical differences
vsse: sum of squared vertical differences
nsse: noise preserving sum of squared differences
w53: 5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
w97: 9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
dctmax
chroma

subcmp integer (encoding,video)

Set sub pel me compare function.

Possible values:

sad: sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
sse: sum of squared errors
satd: sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
dct: sum of absolute
DCT
transformed differences
psnr: sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
bit: number of bits needed for the block
rd: rate distortion optimal, slow
zero: 0
vsad: sum of absolute vertical differences
vsse: sum of squared vertical differences
nsse: noise preserving sum of squared differences
w53: 5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
w97: 9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
dctmax
chroma

mbcmp integer (encoding,video)

Set macroblock compare function.

Possible values:

sad: sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
sse: sum of squared errors
satd: sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
dct: sum of absolute
DCT
transformed differences
psnr: sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
bit: number of bits needed for the block
rd: rate distortion optimal, slow
zero: 0
vsad: sum of absolute vertical differences
vsse: sum of squared vertical differences
nsse: noise preserving sum of squared differences
w53: 5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
w97: 9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
dctmax
chroma

ildctcmp integer (encoding,video)

Set interlaced dct compare function.

Possible values:

sad: sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
sse: sum of squared errors
satd: sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
dct: sum of absolute
DCT
transformed differences
psnr: sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
bit: number of bits needed for the block
rd: rate distortion optimal, slow
zero: 0
vsad: sum of absolute vertical differences
vsse: sum of squared vertical differences
nsse: noise preserving sum of squared differences
w53: 5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
w97: 9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
dctmax
chroma

dia_size integer (encoding,video)

Set diamond type & size for motion estimation.

last_pred integer (encoding,video)

Set amount of motion predictors from the previous frame.

preme integer (encoding,video)

Set pre motion estimation.

precmp integer (encoding,video)

Set pre motion estimation compare function.

Possible values:

sad: sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
sse: sum of squared errors
satd: sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
dct: sum of absolute
DCT
transformed differences
psnr: sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
bit: number of bits needed for the block
rd: rate distortion optimal, slow
zero: 0
vsad: sum of absolute vertical differences
vsse: sum of squared vertical differences
nsse: noise preserving sum of squared differences
w53: 5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
w97: 9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
dctmax
chroma

pre_dia_size integer (encoding,video)

Set diamond type & size for motion estimation pre-pass.

subq integer (encoding,video)

Set sub pel motion estimation quality.

dtg_active_format integer

me_range integer (encoding,video)

Set limit motion vectors range (1023 for DivX player).

ibias integer (encoding,video)

Set intra quant bias.

pbias integer (encoding,video)

Set inter quant bias.

color_table_id integer

global_quality integer (encoding,audio,video)

coder integer (encoding,video)

Possible values:

vlc: variable length coder / huffman coder
ac: arithmetic coder
raw: raw (no encoding)
rle: run-length coder
deflate: deflate-based coder

context integer (encoding,video)

Set context model.

slice_flags integer

xvmc_acceleration integer

mbd integer (encoding,video)

Set macroblock decision algorithm (high quality mode).

Possible values:

simple: use mbcmp (default)
bits: use fewest bits
rd: use best rate distortion

stream_codec_tag integer

sc_threshold integer (encoding,video)

Set scene change threshold.

lmin integer (encoding,video)

Set min lagrange factor (

VBR

lmax integer (encoding,video)

Set max lagrange factor (

VBR

nr integer (encoding,video)

Set noise reduction.

rc_init_occupancy integer (encoding,video)

Set number of bits which should be loaded into the rc buffer before decoding starts.

flags2 flags (decoding/encoding,audio,video)

Possible values:

fast: Allow non spec compliant speedup tricks.
sgop: Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.
noout: Skip bitstream encoding.
ignorecrop: Ignore cropping information from sps.
local_header: Place global headers at every keyframe instead of in extradata.
chunks: Frame data might be split into multiple chunks.
showall: Show all frames before the first keyframe.
skiprd: Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.
export_mvs: Export motion vectors into frame side-data (see "AV_FRAME_DATA_MOTION_VECTORS") for codecs that support it. See also doc/examples/export_mvs.c.

error integer (encoding,video)

qns integer (encoding,video)

Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.

threads integer (decoding/encoding,video)

Possible values:

auto: detect a good number of threads

me_threshold integer (encoding,video)

Set motion estimation threshold.

mb_threshold integer (encoding,video)

Set macroblock threshold.

dc integer (encoding,video)

Set intra_dc_precision.

nssew integer (encoding,video)

Set nsse weight.

skip_top integer (decoding,video)

Set number of macroblock rows at the top which are skipped.

skip_bottom integer (decoding,video)

Set number of macroblock rows at the bottom which are skipped.

profile integer (encoding,audio,video)

Possible values:

unknown
aac_main
aac_low
aac_ssr
aac_ltp
aac_he
aac_he_v2
aac_ld
aac_eld
mpeg2_aac_low
mpeg2_aac_he
mpeg4_sp
mpeg4_core
mpeg4_main
mpeg4_asp
dts
dts_es
dts_96_24
dts_hd_hra
dts_hd_ma

level integer (encoding,audio,video)

Possible values:

unknown

lowres integer (decoding,audio,video)

Decode at 1= 1/2, 2=1/4, 3=1/8 resolutions.

skip_threshold integer (encoding,video)

Set frame skip threshold.

skip_factor integer (encoding,video)

Set frame skip factor.

skip_exp integer (encoding,video)

Set frame skip exponent. Negative values behave identical to the corresponding positive ones, except that the score is normalized. Positive values exist primarily for compatibility reasons and are not so useful.

skipcmp integer (encoding,video)

Set frame skip compare function.

Possible values:

sad: sum of absolute differences, fast (default)
sse: sum of squared errors
satd: sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences
dct: sum of absolute
DCT
transformed differences
psnr: sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)
bit: number of bits needed for the block
rd: rate distortion optimal, slow
zero: 0
vsad: sum of absolute vertical differences
vsse: sum of squared vertical differences
nsse: noise preserving sum of squared differences
w53: 5/3 wavelet, only used in snow
w97: 9/7 wavelet, only used in snow
dctmax
chroma

border_mask float (encoding,video)

Increase the quantizer for macroblocks close to borders.

mblmin integer (encoding,video)

Set min macroblock lagrange factor (

VBR

mblmax integer (encoding,video)

Set max macroblock lagrange factor (

VBR

mepc integer (encoding,video)

Set motion estimation bitrate penalty compensation (1.0 = 256).

skip_loop_filter integer (decoding,video)

skip_idct integer (decoding,video)

skip_frame integer (decoding,video)

Make decoder discard processing depending on the frame type selected by the option value.

skip_loop_filter skips frame loop filtering, skip_idct skips frame IDCT/dequantization, skip_frame skips decoding.

Possible values:

none: Discard no frame.
default: Discard useless frames like 0-sized frames.
noref: Discard all non-reference frames.
bidir: Discard all bidirectional frames.
nokey: Discard all frames excepts keyframes.
all: Discard all frames.

: Default value is default.

bidir_refine integer (encoding,video)

Refine the two motion vectors used in bidirectional macroblocks.

brd_scale integer (encoding,video)

Downscale frames for dynamic B-frame decision.

keyint_min integer (encoding,video)

Set minimum interval between IDR-frames.

refs integer (encoding,video)

Set reference frames to consider for motion compensation.

chromaoffset integer (encoding,video)

Set chroma qp offset from luma.

trellis integer (encoding,audio,video)

Set rate-distortion optimal quantization.

sc_factor integer (encoding,video)

Set value multiplied by qscale for each frame and added to scene_change_score.

mv0_threshold integer (encoding,video)

b_sensitivity integer (encoding,video)

Adjust sensitivity of b_frame_strategy 1.

compression_level integer (encoding,audio,video)

min_prediction_order integer (encoding,audio)

max_prediction_order integer (encoding,audio)

timecode_frame_start integer (encoding,video)

Set

GOP

timecode frame start number, in non drop frame format.

request_channels integer (decoding,audio)

Set desired number of audio channels.

bits_per_raw_sample integer

channel_layout integer (decoding/encoding,audio)

Possible values:

request_channel_layout integer (decoding,audio)

Possible values:

rc_max_vbv_use float (encoding,video)

rc_min_vbv_use float (encoding,video)

ticks_per_frame integer (decoding/encoding,audio,video)

color_primaries integer (decoding/encoding,video)

color_trc integer (decoding/encoding,video)

colorspace integer (decoding/encoding,video)

color_range integer (decoding/encoding,video)

If used as input parameter, it serves as a hint to the decoder, which color_range the input has.

chroma_sample_location integer (decoding/encoding,video)

log_level_offset integer

Set the log level offset.

slices integer (encoding,video)

Number of slices, used in parallelized encoding.

thread_type flags (decoding/encoding,video)

Select which multithreading methods to use.

Use of frame will increase decoding delay by one frame per thread, so clients which cannot provide future frames should not use it.

Possible values:

slice: Decode more than one part of a single frame at once.
Multithreading using slices works only when the video was encoded with slices.
frame: Decode more than one frame at once.

: Default value is slice+frame.

audio_service_type integer (encoding,audio)

Set audio service type.

Possible values:

ma: Main Audio Service
ef: Effects
vi: Visually Impaired
hi: Hearing Impaired
di: Dialogue
co: Commentary
em: Emergency
vo: Voice Over
ka: Karaoke

request_sample_fmt sample_fmt (decoding,audio)

Set sample format audio decoders should prefer. Default value is "none".

pkt_timebase rational number

sub_charenc encoding (decoding,subtitles)

Set the input subtitles character encoding.

field_order field_order (video)

Set/override the field order of the video. Possible values:

progressive: Progressive video
tt: Interlaced video, top field coded and displayed first
bb: Interlaced video, bottom field coded and displayed first
tb: Interlaced video, top coded first, bottom displayed first
bt: Interlaced video, bottom coded first, top displayed first

skip_alpha integer (decoding,video)

Set to 1 to disable processing alpha (transparency). This works like the gray flag in the flags option which skips chroma information instead of alpha. Default is 0.

codec_whitelist list (input)

``,'' separated List of allowed decoders. By default all are allowed.

dump_separator string (input)

Separator used to separate the fields printed on the command line about the Stream parameters. For example to separate the fields with newlines and indention:

        ffprobe -dump_separator "
                                  "  -i ~/videos/matrixbench_mpeg2.mpg

DECODERS

Decoders are configured elements in FFmpeg which allow the decoding of multimedia streams.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported native decoders are enabled by default. Decoders requiring an external library must be enabled manually via the corresponding "--enable-lib" option. You can list all available decoders using the configure option "--list-decoders".

You can disable all the decoders with the configure option "--disable-decoders" and selectively enable / disable single decoders with the options "--enable-decoder=DECODER" / "--disable-decoder=DECODER".

The option "-decoders" of the ff* tools will display the list of enabled decoders.

VIDEO DECODERS

A description of some of the currently available video decoders follows.

hevc

HEVC / H.265

decoder.

Note: the skip_loop_filter option has effect only at level "all".

rawvideo

Raw video decoder.

This decoder decodes rawvideo streams.

Options

top top_field_first

Specify the assumed field type of the input video.

-1: the video is assumed to be progressive (default)
0: bottom-field-first is assumed
1: top-field-first is assumed

AUDIO DECODERS

A description of some of the currently available audio decoders follows.

ac3

AC-3

audio decoder.

This decoder implements part of

ATSC A/52:2010

and

ETSI TS 102 366,

as well as the undocumented RealAudio 3 (a.k.a. dnet).

AC-3

Decoder Options

-drc_scale value

Dynamic Range Scale Factor. The factor to apply to dynamic range values from the

AC-3

stream. This factor is applied exponentially. There are 3 notable scale factor ranges:

drc_scale == 0: DRC
disabled. Produces full range audio.
0 < drc_scale <= 1: DRC
enabled. Applies a fraction of the stream
DRC
value. Audio reproduction is between full range and full compression.
drc_scale > 1: DRC
enabled. Applies drc_scale asymmetrically. Loud sounds are fully compressed. Soft sounds are enhanced.

flac

FLAC

audio decoder.

This decoder aims to implement the complete

FLAC

specification from Xiph.

FLAC

Decoder options

-use_buggy_lpc: The lavc
FLAC
encoder used to produce buggy streams with high lpc values (like the default value). This option makes it possible to decode such streams correctly by using lavc's old buggy lpc logic for decoding.

ffwavesynth

Internal wave synthetizer.

This decoder generates wave patterns according to predefined sequences. Its use is purely internal and the format of the data it accepts is not publicly documented.

libcelt

libcelt decoder wrapper.

libcelt allows libavcodec to decode the Xiph

CELT

ultra-low delay audio codec. Requires the presence of the libcelt headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with "--enable-libcelt".

libgsm

libgsm decoder wrapper.

libgsm allows libavcodec to decode the

GSM

full rate audio codec. Requires the presence of the libgsm headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with "--enable-libgsm".

This decoder supports both the ordinary

GSM

and the Microsoft variant.

libilbc

libilbc decoder wrapper.

libilbc allows libavcodec to decode the Internet Low Bitrate Codec (iLBC) audio codec. Requires the presence of the libilbc headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with "--enable-libilbc".

Options

The following option is supported by the libilbc wrapper.

enhance: Enable the enhancement of the decoded audio when set to 1. The default value is 0 (disabled).

libopencore-amrnb

libopencore-amrnb decoder wrapper.

libopencore-amrnb allows libavcodec to decode the Adaptive Multi-Rate Narrowband audio codec. Using it requires the presence of the libopencore-amrnb headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with "--enable-libopencore-amrnb".

An FFmpeg native decoder for AMR-NB exists, so users can decode AMR-NB without this library.

libopencore-amrwb

libopencore-amrwb decoder wrapper.

libopencore-amrwb allows libavcodec to decode the Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband audio codec. Using it requires the presence of the libopencore-amrwb headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with "--enable-libopencore-amrwb".

An FFmpeg native decoder for AMR-WB exists, so users can decode AMR-WB without this library.

libopus

libopus decoder wrapper.

libopus allows libavcodec to decode the Opus Interactive Audio Codec. Requires the presence of the libopus headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with "--enable-libopus".

An FFmpeg native decoder for Opus exists, so users can decode Opus without this library.

SUBTITLES DECODERS

dvbsub

Options

compute_clut

-1: Compute clut if no matching
CLUT
is in the stream.
0: Never compute
CLUT
1: Always compute
CLUT
and override the one provided in the stream.

dvb_substream

Selects the dvb substream, or all substreams if -1 which is default.

dvdsub

This codec decodes the bitmap subtitles used in DVDs; the same subtitles can also be found in VobSub file pairs and in some Matroska files.

Options

palette: Specify the global palette used by the bitmaps. When stored in VobSub, the palette is normally specified in the index file; in Matroska, the palette is stored in the codec extra-data in the same format as in VobSub. In DVDs, the palette is stored in the
IFO
file, and therefore not available when reading from dumped
VOB
files.
The format for this option is a string containing 16 24-bits hexadecimal numbers (without 0x prefix) separated by comas, for example "0d00ee, ee450d, 101010, eaeaea, 0ce60b, ec14ed, ebff0b, 0d617a, 7b7b7b, d1d1d1, 7b2a0e, 0d950c, 0f007b, cf0dec, cfa80c, 7c127b".
ifo_palette: Specify the
IFO
file from which the global palette is obtained. (experimental)
forced_subs_only: Only decode subtitle entries marked as forced. Some titles have forced and non-forced subtitles in the same track. Setting this flag to 1 will only keep the forced subtitles. Default value is 0.

libzvbi-teletext

Libzvbi allows libavcodec to decode

DVB

teletext pages and

DVB

teletext subtitles. Requires the presence of the libzvbi headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with "--enable-libzvbi".

Options

txt_page: List of teletext page numbers to decode. You may use the special * string to match all pages. Pages that do not match the specified list are dropped. Default value is *.
txt_chop_top: Discards the top teletext line. Default value is 1.
txt_format: Specifies the format of the decoded subtitles. The teletext decoder is capable of decoding the teletext pages to bitmaps or to simple text, you should use ``bitmap'' for teletext pages, because certain graphics and colors cannot be expressed in simple text. You might use ``text'' for teletext based subtitles if your application can handle simple text based subtitles. Default value is bitmap.
txt_left: X offset of generated bitmaps, default is 0.
txt_top: Y offset of generated bitmaps, default is 0.
txt_chop_spaces: Chops leading and trailing spaces and removes empty lines from the generated text. This option is useful for teletext based subtitles where empty spaces may be present at the start or at the end of the lines or empty lines may be present between the subtitle lines because of double-sized teletext charactes. Default value is 1.
txt_duration: Sets the display duration of the decoded teletext pages or subtitles in miliseconds. Default value is 30000 which is 30 seconds.
txt_transparent: Force transparent background of the generated teletext bitmaps. Default value is 0 which means an opaque (black) background.

BITSTREAM FILTERS

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported bitstream filters are enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the configure option "--list-bsfs".

You can disable all the bitstream filters using the configure option "--disable-bsfs", and selectively enable any bitstream filter using the option "--enable-bsf=BSF", or you can disable a particular bitstream filter using the option "--disable-bsf=BSF".

The option "-bsfs" of the ff* tools will display the list of all the supported bitstream filters included in your build.

The ff* tools have a -bsf option applied per stream, taking a comma-separated list of filters, whose parameters follow the filter name after a '='.

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -c:v copy -bsf:v filter1[=opt1=str1/opt2=str2][,filter2] OUTPUT

Below is a description of the currently available bitstream filters, with their parameters, if any.

aac_adtstoasc

Convert

MPEG-2/4 AAC ADTS

MPEG-4

Audio Specific Configuration bitstream filter.

This filter creates an

MPEG-4

AudioSpecificConfig from an

MPEG-2/4 ADTS

header and removes the

ADTS

header.

This is required for example when copying an

AAC

stream from a raw

ADTS AAC

container to a

FLV

or a

MOV/MP4

file.

chomp

Remove zero padding at the end of a packet.

dump_extra

Add extradata to the beginning of the filtered packets.

The additional argument specifies which packets should be filtered. It accepts the values:

a: add extradata to all key packets, but only if local_header is set in the flags2 codec context field
k: add extradata to all key packets
e: add extradata to all packets

If not specified it is assumed k.

For example the following ffmpeg command forces a global header (thus disabling individual packet headers) in the H.264 packets generated by the "libx264" encoder, but corrects them by adding the header stored in extradata to the key packets:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -flags:v +global_header -c:v libx264 -bsf:v dump_extra out.ts

h264_mp4toannexb

Convert an H.264 bitstream from length prefixed mode to start code prefixed mode (as defined in the Annex B of the ITU-T H.264 specification).

This is required by some streaming formats, typically the

MPEG-2

transport stream format (``mpegts'').

For example to remux an

MP4

file containing an H.264 stream to mpegts format with ffmpeg, you can use the command:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT.mp4 -codec copy -bsf:v h264_mp4toannexb OUTPUT.ts

imxdump

Modifies the bitstream to fit in

MOV

and to be usable by the Final Cut Pro decoder. This filter only applies to the mpeg2video codec, and is likely not needed for Final Cut Pro 7 and newer with the appropriate -tag:v.

For example, to remux 30 MB/sec

NTSC IMX

MOV:

        ffmpeg -i input.mxf -c copy -bsf:v imxdump -tag:v mx3n output.mov

mjpeg2jpeg

Convert

MJPEG/AVI1

packets to full

JPEG/JFIF

packets.

MJPEG

is a video codec wherein each video frame is essentially a

JPEG

image. The individual frames can be extracted without loss, e.g. by

        ffmpeg -i ../some_mjpeg.avi -c:v copy frames_%d.jpg

Unfortunately, these chunks are incomplete

JPEG

images, because they lack the

DHT

segment required for decoding. Quoting from <www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000063.shtml>:

Avery Lee, writing in the rec.video.desktop newsgroup in 2001, commented that ``

MJPEG,

or at least the

MJPEG

in AVIs having the

MJPG

fourcc, is restricted

JPEG

with a fixed --- and *omitted* --- Huffman table. The

JPEG

must be YCbCr colorspace, it must be 4:2:2, and it must use basic Huffman encoding, not arithmetic or progressive. . . . You can indeed extract the

MJPEG

frames and decode them with a regular

JPEG

decoder, but you have to prepend the

DHT

segment to them, or else the decoder won't have any idea how to decompress the data. The exact table necessary is given in the OpenDML spec.''

This bitstream filter patches the header of frames extracted from an

MJPEG

stream (carrying the

AVI1

header

and lacking a

DHT

segment) to produce fully qualified

JPEG

images.

        ffmpeg -i mjpeg-movie.avi -c:v copy -bsf:v mjpeg2jpeg frame_%d.jpg
        exiftran -i -9 frame*.jpg
        ffmpeg -i frame_%d.jpg -c:v copy rotated.avi

mjpega_dump_header

movsub

mp3_header_decompress

mpeg4_unpack_bframes

Unpack DivX-style packed B-frames.

DivX-style packed B-frames are not valid

MPEG-4

and were only a workaround for the broken Video for Windows subsystem. They use more space, can cause minor

sync issues, require more

CPU

power to decode (unless the player has some decoded picture queue to compensate the 2,0,2,0 frame per packet style) and cause trouble if copied into a standard container like mp4 or mpeg-ps/ts, because

MPEG-4

decoders may not be able to decode them, since they are not valid

MPEG-4.

For example to fix an

AVI

file containing an

MPEG-4

stream with DivX-style packed B-frames using ffmpeg, you can use the command:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT.avi -codec copy -bsf:v mpeg4_unpack_bframes OUTPUT.avi

noise

Damages the contents of packets without damaging the container. Can be used for fuzzing or testing error resilience/concealment.

Parameters: A numeral string, whose value is related to how often output bytes will be modified. Therefore, values below or equal to 0 are forbidden, and the lower the more frequent bytes will be modified, with 1 meaning every byte is modified.

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -c copy -bsf noise[=1] output.mkv

applies the modification to every byte.

remove_extra

FORMAT OPTIONS

The libavformat library provides some generic global options, which can be set on all the muxers and demuxers. In addition each muxer or demuxer may support so-called private options, which are specific for that component.

Options may be set by specifying -option value in the FFmpeg tools, or by setting the value explicitly in the "AVFormatContext" options or using the libavutil/opt.h

API

for programmatic use.

The list of supported options follows:

avioflags flags (input/output)

Possible values:

direct: Reduce buffering.

probesize integer (input)

Set probing size in bytes, i.e. the size of the data to analyze to get stream information. A higher value will enable detecting more information in case it is dispersed into the stream, but will increase latency. Must be an integer not lesser than 32. It is 5000000 by default.

packetsize integer (output)

Set packet size.

fflags flags (input/output)

Set format flags.

Possible values:

ignidx: Ignore index.
fastseek: Enable fast, but inaccurate seeks for some formats.
genpts: Generate
PTS.
nofillin: Do not fill in missing values that can be exactly calculated.
noparse: Disable AVParsers, this needs "+nofillin" too.
igndts: Ignore
DTS.
discardcorrupt: Discard corrupted frames.
sortdts: Try to interleave output packets by
DTS.
keepside: Do not merge side data.
latm: Enable
RTP MP4A-LATM
payload.
nobuffer: Reduce the latency introduced by optional buffering
bitexact: Only write platform-, build- and time-independent data. This ensures that file and data checksums are reproducible and match between platforms. Its primary use is for regression testing.

seek2any integer (input)

Allow seeking to non-keyframes on demuxer level when supported if set to 1. Default is 0.

analyzeduration integer (input)

Specify how many microseconds are analyzed to probe the input. A higher value will enable detecting more accurate information, but will increase latency. It defaults to 5,000,000 microseconds = 5 seconds.

cryptokey hexadecimal string (input)

Set decryption key.

indexmem integer (input)

Set max memory used for timestamp index (per stream).

rtbufsize integer (input)

Set max memory used for buffering real-time frames.

fdebug flags (input/output)

Print specific debug info.

Possible values:

ts

max_delay integer (input/output)

Set maximum muxing or demuxing delay in microseconds.

fpsprobesize integer (input)

Set number of frames used to probe fps.

audio_preload integer (output)

Set microseconds by which audio packets should be interleaved earlier.

chunk_duration integer (output)

Set microseconds for each chunk.

chunk_size integer (output)

Set size in bytes for each chunk.

err_detect, f_err_detect flags (input)

Set error detection flags. "f_err_detect" is deprecated and should be used only via the ffmpeg tool.

Possible values:

crccheck: Verify embedded CRCs.
bitstream: Detect bitstream specification deviations.
buffer: Detect improper bitstream length.
explode: Abort decoding on minor error detection.
careful: Consider things that violate the spec and have not been seen in the wild as errors.
compliant: Consider all spec non compliancies as errors.
aggressive: Consider things that a sane encoder should not do as an error.

max_interleave_delta integer (output)

Set maximum buffering duration for interleaving. The duration is expressed in microseconds, and defaults to 1000000 (1 second).

To ensure all the streams are interleaved correctly, libavformat will wait until it has at least one packet for each stream before actually writing any packets to the output file. When some streams are ``sparse'' (i.e. there are large gaps between successive packets), this can result in excessive buffering.

This field specifies the maximum difference between the timestamps of the first and the last packet in the muxing queue, above which libavformat will output a packet regardless of whether it has queued a packet for all the streams.

If set to 0, libavformat will continue buffering packets until it has a packet for each stream, regardless of the maximum timestamp difference between the buffered packets.

use_wallclock_as_timestamps integer (input)

Use wallclock as timestamps.

avoid_negative_ts integer (output)

Possible values:

make_non_negative: Shift timestamps to make them non-negative. Also note that this affects only leading negative timestamps, and not non-monotonic negative timestamps.
make_zero: Shift timestamps so that the first timestamp is 0.
auto (default): Enables shifting when required by the target format.
disabled: Disables shifting of timestamp.

: When shifting is enabled, all output timestamps are shifted by the same amount. Audio, video, and subtitles desynching and relative timestamp differences are preserved compared to how they would have been without shifting.

skip_initial_bytes integer (input)

Set number of bytes to skip before reading header and frames if set to 1. Default is 0.

correct_ts_overflow integer (input)

Correct single timestamp overflows if set to 1. Default is 1.

flush_packets integer (output)

Flush the underlying I/O stream after each packet. Default 1 enables it, and has the effect of reducing the latency; 0 disables it and may slightly increase performance in some cases.

output_ts_offset offset (output)

Set the output time offset.

offset must be a time duration specification, see the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual.

The offset is added by the muxer to the output timestamps.

Specifying a positive offset means that the corresponding streams are delayed bt the time duration specified in offset. Default value is 0 (meaning that no offset is applied).

format_whitelist list (input)

``,'' separated List of allowed demuxers. By default all are allowed.

dump_separator string (input)

Separator used to separate the fields printed on the command line about the Stream parameters. For example to separate the fields with newlines and indention:

        ffprobe -dump_separator "
                                  "  -i ~/videos/matrixbench_mpeg2.mpg

Format stream specifiers

Format stream specifiers allow selection of one or more streams that match specific properties.

Possible forms of stream specifiers are:

stream_index: Matches the stream with this index.
stream_type[:stream_index]: stream_type is one of following: 'v' for video, 'a' for audio, 's' for subtitle, 'd' for data, and 't' for attachments. If stream_index is given, then it matches the stream number stream_index of this type. Otherwise, it matches all streams of this type.
p:program_id[:stream_index]: If stream_index is given, then it matches the stream with number stream_index in the program with the id program_id. Otherwise, it matches all streams in the program.
#stream_id: Matches the stream by a format-specific
ID.

The exact semantics of stream specifiers is defined by the "avformat_match_stream_specifier()" function declared in the libavformat/avformat.h header.

DEMUXERS

Demuxers are configured elements in FFmpeg that can read the multimedia streams from a particular type of file.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported demuxers are enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the configure option "--list-demuxers".

You can disable all the demuxers using the configure option "--disable-demuxers", and selectively enable a single demuxer with the option "--enable-demuxer=DEMUXER", or disable it with the option "--disable-demuxer=DEMUXER".

The option "-formats" of the ff* tools will display the list of enabled demuxers.

The description of some of the currently available demuxers follows.

aa

Audible Format 2, 3, and 4 demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux Audible Format 2, 3, and 4 (.aa) files.

applehttp

Apple

HTTP

Live Streaming demuxer.

This demuxer presents all AVStreams from all variant streams. The id field is set to the bitrate variant index number. By setting the discard flags on AVStreams (by pressing 'a' or 'v' in ffplay), the caller can decide which variant streams to actually receive. The total bitrate of the variant that the stream belongs to is available in a metadata key named ``variant_bitrate''.

apng

Animated Portable Network Graphics demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux

APNG

files. All headers, but the

PNG

signature, up to (but not including) the first fcTL chunk are transmitted as extradata. Frames are then split as being all the chunks between two fcTL ones, or between the last fcTL and

IEND

chunks.

-ignore_loop bool: Ignore the loop variable in the file if set.
-max_fps int: Maximum framerate in frames per second (0 for no limit).
-default_fps int: Default framerate in frames per second when none is specified in the file (0 meaning as fast as possible).

asf

Advanced Systems Format demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux

ASF

files and

MMS

network streams.

-no_resync_search bool: Do not try to resynchronize by looking for a certain optional start code.

concat

Virtual concatenation script demuxer.

This demuxer reads a list of files and other directives from a text file and demuxes them one after the other, as if all their packet had been muxed together.

The timestamps in the files are adjusted so that the first file starts at 0 and each next file starts where the previous one finishes. Note that it is done globally and may cause gaps if all streams do not have exactly the same length.

All files must have the same streams (same codecs, same time base, etc.).

The duration of each file is used to adjust the timestamps of the next file: if the duration is incorrect (because it was computed using the bit-rate or because the file is truncated, for example), it can cause artifacts. The "duration" directive can be used to override the duration stored in each file.

Syntax

The script is a text file in extended-ASCII, with one directive per line. Empty lines, leading spaces and lines starting with '#' are ignored. The following directive is recognized:

file path

Path to a file to read; special characters and spaces must be escaped with backslash or single quotes.

All subsequent file-related directives apply to that file.

ffconcat version 1.0

Identify the script type and version. It also sets the safe option to 1 if it was to its default -1.

To make FFmpeg recognize the format automatically, this directive must appears exactly as is (no extra space or byte-order-mark) on the very first line of the script.

duration dur

Duration of the file. This information can be specified from the file; specifying it here may be more efficient or help if the information from the file is not available or accurate.

If the duration is set for all files, then it is possible to seek in the whole concatenated video.

inpoint timestamp

In point of the file. When the demuxer opens the file it instantly seeks to the specified timestamp. Seeking is done so that all streams can be presented successfully at In point.

This directive works best with intra frame codecs, because for non-intra frame ones you will usually get extra packets before the actual In point and the decoded content will most likely contain frames before In point too.

For each file, packets before the file In point will have timestamps less than the calculated start timestamp of the file (negative in case of the first file), and the duration of the files (if not specified by the "duration" directive) will be reduced based on their specified In point.

Because of potential packets before the specified In point, packet timestamps may overlap between two concatenated files.

outpoint timestamp

Out point of the file. When the demuxer reaches the specified decoding timestamp in any of the streams, it handles it as an end of file condition and skips the current and all the remaining packets from all streams.

Out point is exclusive, which means that the demuxer will not output packets with a decoding timestamp greater or equal to Out point.

This directive works best with intra frame codecs and formats where all streams are tightly interleaved. For non-intra frame codecs you will usually get additional packets with presentation timestamp after Out point therefore the decoded content will most likely contain frames after Out point too. If your streams are not tightly interleaved you may not get all the packets from all streams before Out point and you may only will be able to decode the earliest stream until Out point.

The duration of the files (if not specified by the "duration" directive) will be reduced based on their specified Out point.

file_packet_metadata key=value

Metadata of the packets of the file. The specified metadata will be set for each file packet. You can specify this directive multiple times to add multiple metadata entries.

stream

Introduce a stream in the virtual file. All subsequent stream-related directives apply to the last introduced stream. Some streams properties must be set in order to allow identifying the matching streams in the subfiles. If no streams are defined in the script, the streams from the first file are copied.

exact_stream_id id

Set the id of the stream. If this directive is given, the string with the corresponding id in the subfiles will be used. This is especially useful for MPEG-PS (

VOB

) files, where the order of the streams is not reliable.

Options

This demuxer accepts the following option:

safe

If set to 1, reject unsafe file paths. A file path is considered safe if it does not contain a protocol specification and is relative and all components only contain characters from the portable character set (letters, digits, period, underscore and hyphen) and have no period at the beginning of a component.

If set to 0, any file name is accepted.

The default is -1, it is equivalent to 1 if the format was automatically probed and 0 otherwise.

auto_convert

If set to 1, try to perform automatic conversions on packet data to make the streams concatenable. The default is 1.

Currently, the only conversion is adding the h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter to H.264 streams in

MP4

format. This is necessary in particular if there are resolution changes.

flv

Adobe Flash Video Format demuxer.

This demuxer is used to demux

FLV

files and

RTMP

network streams.

-flv_metadata bool: Allocate the streams according to the onMetaData array content.

libgme

The Game Music Emu library is a collection of video game music file emulators.

See <code.google.com/p/game-music-emu> for more information.

Some files have multiple tracks. The demuxer will pick the first track by default. The track_index option can be used to select a different track. Track indexes start at 0. The demuxer exports the number of tracks as tracks meta data entry.

For very large files, the max_size option may have to be adjusted.

libquvi

Play media from Internet services using the quvi project.

The demuxer accepts a format option to request a specific quality. It is by default set to best.

See <quvi.sourceforge.net> for more information.

FFmpeg needs to be built with "--enable-libquvi" for this demuxer to be enabled.

gif

Animated

GIF

demuxer.

It accepts the following options:

min_delay: Set the minimum valid delay between frames in hundredths of seconds. Range is 0 to 6000. Default value is 2.
max_gif_delay: Set the maximum valid delay between frames in hundredth of seconds. Range is 0 to 65535. Default value is 65535 (nearly eleven minutes), the maximum value allowed by the specification.
default_delay: Set the default delay between frames in hundredths of seconds. Range is 0 to 6000. Default value is 10.
ignore_loop: GIF
files can contain information to loop a certain number of times (or infinitely). If ignore_loop is set to 1, then the loop setting from the input will be ignored and looping will not occur. If set to 0, then looping will occur and will cycle the number of times according to the
GIF.
Default value is 1.

For example, with the overlay filter, place an infinitely looping

GIF

over another video:

        ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ignore_loop 0 -i input.gif -filter_complex overlay=shortest=1 out.mkv

Note that in the above example the shortest option for overlay filter is used to end the output video at the length of the shortest input file, which in this case is input.mp4 as the

GIF

in this example loops infinitely.

image2

Image file demuxer.

This demuxer reads from a list of image files specified by a pattern. The syntax and meaning of the pattern is specified by the option pattern_type.

The pattern may contain a suffix which is used to automatically determine the format of the images contained in the files.

The size, the pixel format, and the format of each image must be the same for all the files in the sequence.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

framerate

Set the frame rate for the video stream. It defaults to 25.

loop

If set to 1, loop over the input. Default value is 0.

pattern_type

Select the pattern type used to interpret the provided filename.

pattern_type accepts one of the following values.

none

Disable pattern matching, therefore the video will only contain the specified image. You should use this option if you do not want to create sequences from multiple images and your filenames may contain special pattern characters.

sequence

Select a sequence pattern type, used to specify a sequence of files indexed by sequential numbers.

A sequence pattern may contain the string ``%d'' or "%0Nd``, which specifies the position of the characters representing a sequential number in each filename matched by the pattern. If the form ''%d0Nd" is used, the string representing the number in each filename is 0-padded and N is the total number of 0-padded digits representing the number. The literal character '%' can be specified in the pattern with the string ``%%''.

If the sequence pattern contains ``%d'' or "%0Nd", the first filename of the file list specified by the pattern must contain a number inclusively contained between start_number and start_number+start_number_range-1, and all the following numbers must be sequential.

For example the pattern ``img-%03d.bmp'' will match a sequence of filenames of the form img-001.bmp, img-002.bmp, ..., img-010.bmp, etc.; the pattern ``i%%m%%g-%d.jpg'' will match a sequence of filenames of the form i%m%g-1.jpg, i%m%g-2.jpg, ..., i%m%g-10.jpg, etc.

Note that the pattern must not necessarily contain ``%d'' or "%0Nd", for example to convert a single image file img.jpeg you can employ the command:

        ffmpeg -i img.jpeg img.png

glob

Select a glob wildcard pattern type.

The pattern is interpreted like a "glob()" pattern. This is only selectable if libavformat was compiled with globbing support.

glob_sequence (deprecated, will be removed)

Select a mixed glob wildcard/sequence pattern.

If your version of libavformat was compiled with globbing support, and the provided pattern contains at least one glob meta character among "%*?[]{}" that is preceded by an unescaped ``%'', the pattern is interpreted like a "glob()" pattern, otherwise it is interpreted like a sequence pattern.

All glob special characters "%*?[]{}" must be prefixed with ``%''. To escape a literal ``%'' you shall use ``%%''.

For example the pattern "foo-%*.jpeg" will match all the filenames prefixed by ``foo-'' and terminating with ``.jpeg'', and "foo-%?%?%?.jpeg" will match all the filenames prefixed with ``foo-'', followed by a sequence of three characters, and terminating with ``.jpeg''.

This pattern type is deprecated in favor of glob and sequence.

: Default value is glob_sequence.

pixel_format

Set the pixel format of the images to read. If not specified the pixel format is guessed from the first image file in the sequence.

start_number

Set the index of the file matched by the image file pattern to start to read from. Default value is 0.

start_number_range

Set the index interval range to check when looking for the first image file in the sequence, starting from start_number. Default value is 5.

ts_from_file

If set to 1, will set frame timestamp to modification time of image file. Note that monotonity of timestamps is not provided: images go in the same order as without this option. Default value is 0. If set to 2, will set frame timestamp to the modification time of the image file in nanosecond precision.

video_size

Set the video size of the images to read. If not specified the video size is guessed from the first image file in the sequence.

Examples

*

Use ffmpeg for creating a video from the images in the file sequence img-001.jpeg, img-002.jpeg, ..., assuming an input frame rate of 10 frames per second:

        ffmpeg -framerate 10 -i 'img-%03d.jpeg' out.mkv

*

As above, but start by reading from a file with index 100 in the sequence:

        ffmpeg -framerate 10 -start_number 100 -i 'img-%03d.jpeg' out.mkv

*

Read images matching the ``*.png'' glob pattern , that is all the files terminating with the ``.png'' suffix:

        ffmpeg -framerate 10 -pattern_type glob -i "*.png" out.mkv

mov/mp4/3gp/Quicktme

Quicktime /

MP4

demuxer.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

enable_drefs: Enable loading of external tracks, disabled by default. Enabling this can theoretically leak information in some use cases.
use_absolute_path: Allows loading of external tracks via absolute paths, disabled by default. Enabling this poses a security risk. It should only be enabled if the source is known to be non malicious.

mpegts

MPEG-2

transport stream demuxer.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

resync_size: Set size limit for looking up a new synchronization. Default value is 65536.
fix_teletext_pts: Override teletext packet
PTS
and
DTS
values with the timestamps calculated from the
PCR
of the first program which the teletext stream is part of and is not discarded. Default value is 1, set this option to 0 if you want your teletext packet
PTS
and
DTS
values untouched.
ts_packetsize: Output option carrying the raw packet size in bytes. Show the detected raw packet size, cannot be set by the user.
scan_all_pmts: Scan and combine all PMTs. The value is an integer with value from -1 to 1 (-1 means automatic setting, 1 means enabled, 0 means disabled). Default value is -1.

rawvideo

Raw video demuxer.

This demuxer allows one to read raw video data. Since there is no header specifying the assumed video parameters, the user must specify them in order to be able to decode the data correctly.

This demuxer accepts the following options:

framerate: Set input video frame rate. Default value is 25.
pixel_format: Set the input video pixel format. Default value is "yuv420p".
video_size: Set the input video size. This value must be specified explicitly.

For example to read a rawvideo file input.raw with ffplay, assuming a pixel format of "rgb24", a video size of "320x240", and a frame rate of 10 images per second, use the command:

        ffplay -f rawvideo -pixel_format rgb24 -video_size 320x240 -framerate 10 input.raw

sbg

SBaGen script demuxer.

This demuxer reads the script language used by SBaGen <uazu.net/sbagen> to generate binaural beats sessions. A

SBG

script looks like that:

        -SE
        a: 300-2.5/3 440+4.5/0
        b: 300-2.5/0 440+4.5/3
        off: -
        NOW      == a
        +0:07:00 == b
        +0:14:00 == a
        +0:21:00 == b
        +0:30:00    off

SBG

script can mix absolute and relative timestamps. If the script uses either only absolute timestamps (including the script start time) or only relative ones, then its layout is fixed, and the conversion is straightforward. On the other hand, if the script mixes both kind of timestamps, then the

NOW

reference for relative timestamps will be taken from the current time of day at the time the script is read, and the script layout will be frozen according to that reference. That means that if the script is directly played, the actual times will match the absolute timestamps up to the sound controller's clock accuracy, but if the user somehow pauses the playback or seeks, all times will be shifted accordingly.

tedcaptions

JSON

captions used for <www.ted.com>.

TED

does not provide links to the captions, but they can be guessed from the page. The file tools/bookmarklets.html from the FFmpeg source tree contains a bookmarklet to expose them.

This demuxer accepts the following option:

start_time: Set the start time of the
TED
talk, in milliseconds. The default is 15000 (15s). It is used to sync the captions with the downloadable videos, because they include a 15s intro.

Example: convert the captions to a format most players understand:

        ffmpeg -i www.ted.com/talks/subtitles/id/1/lang/en talk1-en.srt

METADATA

FFmpeg is able to dump metadata from media files into a simple UTF-8-encoded INI-like text file and then load it back using the metadata muxer/demuxer.

The file format is as follows:

1.: A file consists of a header and a number of metadata tags divided into sections, each on its own line.
2.: The header is a ;FFMETADATA string, followed by a version number (now 1).
3.: Metadata tags are of the form key=value
4.: Immediately after header follows global metadata
5.: After global metadata there may be sections with per-stream/per-chapter metadata.
6.: A section starts with the section name in uppercase (i.e.
STREAM
or
CHAPTER
) in brackets ([, ]) and ends with next section or end of file.
7.: At the beginning of a chapter section there may be an optional timebase to be used for start/end values. It must be in form TIMEBASE=num/den, where num and den are integers. If the timebase is missing then start/end times are assumed to be in milliseconds.
Next a chapter section must contain chapter start and end times in form START=num, END=num, where num is a positive integer.
8.: Empty lines and lines starting with ; or # are ignored.
9.: Metadata keys or values containing special characters (=, ;, #, \ and a newline) must be escaped with a backslash \.
10.: Note that whitespace in metadata (e.g. foo = bar) is considered to be a part of the tag (in the example above key is foo , value is
bar).

A ffmetadata file might look like this:

        ;FFMETADATA1
        title=bike\\shed
        ;this is a comment
        artist=FFmpeg troll team
        
        [CHAPTER]
        TIMEBASE=1/1000
        START=0
        #chapter ends at 0:01:00
        END=60000
        title=chapter \#1
        [STREAM]
        title=multi\
        line

By using the ffmetadata muxer and demuxer it is possible to extract metadata from an input file to an ffmetadata file, and then transcode the file into an output file with the edited ffmetadata file.

Extracting an ffmetadata file with ffmpeg goes as follows:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -f ffmetadata FFMETADATAFILE

Reinserting edited metadata information from the

FFMETADATAFILE

file can be done as:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -i FFMETADATAFILE -map_metadata 1 -codec copy OUTPUT

PROTOCOLS

Protocols are configured elements in FFmpeg that enable access to resources that require specific protocols.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported protocols are enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the configure option ``--list-protocols''.

You can disable all the protocols using the configure option ``--disable-protocols'', and selectively enable a protocol using the option "--enable-protocol=

PROTOCOL

``, or you can disable a particular protocol using the option ''--disable-protocol=

PROTOCOL

The option ``-protocols'' of the ff* tools will display the list of supported protocols.

A description of the currently available protocols follows.

async

Asynchronous data filling wrapper for input stream.

Fill data in a background thread, to decouple I/O operation from demux thread.

        async:<URL>
        async:http://host/resource
        async:cache:http://host/resource

bluray

Read BluRay playlist.

The accepted options are:

angle: BluRay angle
chapter: Start chapter (1...N)
playlist: Playlist to read (
BDMV/PLAYLIST/
?????.mpls)

Examples:

Read longest playlist from BluRay mounted to /mnt/bluray:

        bluray:/mnt/bluray

Read angle 2 of playlist 4 from BluRay mounted to /mnt/bluray, start from chapter 2:

        -playlist 4 -angle 2 -chapter 2 bluray:/mnt/bluray

cache

Caching wrapper for input stream.

Cache the input stream to temporary file. It brings seeking capability to live streams.

        cache:<URL>

concat

Physical concatenation protocol.

Read and seek from many resources in sequence as if they were a unique resource.

URL

accepted by this protocol has the syntax:

        concat:<URL1>|<URL2>|...|<URLN>

where

URL1

URL2

, ...,

URLN

are the urls of the resource to be concatenated, each one possibly specifying a distinct protocol.

For example to read a sequence of files split1.mpeg, split2.mpeg, split3.mpeg with ffplay use the command:

        ffplay concat:split1.mpeg\|split2.mpeg\|split3.mpeg

Note that you may need to escape the character ``|'' which is special for many shells.

crypto

AES-encrypted stream reading protocol.

The accepted options are:

key: Set the
AES
decryption key binary block from given hexadecimal representation.
iv: Set the
AES
decryption initialization vector binary block from given hexadecimal representation.

Accepted

URL

formats:

        crypto:<URL>
        crypto+<URL>

data

Data in-line in the

URI.

See <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_URI_scheme>.

For example, to convert a

GIF

file given inline with ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhCAAIAMIEAAAAAAAA//8AAP//AP///////////////ywAAAAACAAIAAADF0gEDLojDgdGiJdJqUX02iB4E8Q9jUMkADs=" smiley.png

file

File access protocol.

Read from or write to a file.

A file

URL

can have the form:

        file:<filename>

where filename is the path of the file to read.

URL

that does not have a protocol prefix will be assumed to be a file

URL.

Depending on the build, an

URL

that looks like a Windows path with the drive letter at the beginning will also be assumed to be a file

URL

(usually not the case in builds for unix-like systems).

For example to read from a file input.mpeg with ffmpeg use the command:

        ffmpeg -i file:input.mpeg output.mpeg

This protocol accepts the following options:

truncate: Truncate existing files on write, if set to 1. A value of 0 prevents truncating. Default value is 1.
blocksize: Set I/O operation maximum block size, in bytes. Default value is "INT_MAX", which results in not limiting the requested block size. Setting this value reasonably low improves user termination request reaction time, which is valuable for files on slow medium.

ftp

FTP

(File Transfer Protocol).

Read from or write to remote resources using

FTP

protocol.

Following syntax is required.

        ftp://[user[:password]@]server[:port]/path/to/remote/resource.mpeg

This protocol accepts the following options.

timeout: Set timeout in microseconds of socket I/O operations used by the underlying low level operation. By default it is set to -1, which means that the timeout is not specified.
ftp-anonymous-password: Password used when login as anonymous user. Typically an e-mail address should be used.
ftp-write-seekable: Control seekability of connection during encoding. If set to 1 the resource is supposed to be seekable, if set to 0 it is assumed not to be seekable. Default value is 0.

NOTE:

Protocol can be used as output, but it is recommended to not do it, unless special care is taken (tests, customized server configuration etc.). Different

FTP

servers behave in different way during seek operation. ff* tools may produce incomplete content due to server limitations.

gopher

Gopher protocol.

hls

Read Apple

HTTP

Live Streaming compliant segmented stream as a uniform one. The M3U8 playlists describing the segments can be remote

HTTP

resources or local files, accessed using the standard file protocol. The nested protocol is declared by specifying "+proto" after the hls

URI

scheme name, where proto is either ``file'' or ``http''.

        hls+http://host/path/to/remote/resource.m3u8
        hls+file://path/to/local/resource.m3u8

Using this protocol is discouraged - the hls demuxer should work just as well (if not, please report the issues) and is more complete. To use the hls demuxer instead, simply use the direct URLs to the m3u8 files.

http

HTTP

(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol).

This protocol accepts the following options:

seekable

Control seekability of connection. If set to 1 the resource is supposed to be seekable, if set to 0 it is assumed not to be seekable, if set to -1 it will try to autodetect if it is seekable. Default value is -1.

chunked_post

If set to 1 use chunked Transfer-Encoding for posts, default is 1.

content_type

Set a specific content type for the

POST

messages.

headers

Set custom

HTTP

headers, can override built in default headers. The value must be a string encoding the headers.

multiple_requests

Use persistent connections if set to 1, default is 0.

post_data

Set custom

HTTP

post data.

user-agent

user_agent

Override the User-Agent header. If not specified the protocol will use a string describing the libavformat build. (``Lavf/<version>'')

timeout

Set timeout in microseconds of socket I/O operations used by the underlying low level operation. By default it is set to -1, which means that the timeout is not specified.

mime_type

Export the

MIME

type.

icy

If set to 1 request

ICY

(SHOUTcast) metadata from the server. If the server supports this, the metadata has to be retrieved by the application by reading the icy_metadata_headers and icy_metadata_packet options. The default is 1.

icy_metadata_headers

If the server supports

ICY

metadata, this contains the ICY-specific

HTTP

reply headers, separated by newline characters.

icy_metadata_packet

If the server supports

ICY

metadata, and icy was set to 1, this contains the last non-empty metadata packet sent by the server. It should be polled in regular intervals by applications interested in mid-stream metadata updates.

cookies

Set the cookies to be sent in future requests. The format of each cookie is the same as the value of a Set-Cookie

HTTP

response field. Multiple cookies can be delimited by a newline character.

offset

Set initial byte offset.

end_offset

Try to limit the request to bytes preceding this offset.

method

When used as a client option it sets the

HTTP

method for the request.

When used as a server option it sets the

HTTP

method that is going to be expected from the client(s). If the expected and the received

HTTP

method do not match the client will be given a Bad Request response. When unset the

HTTP

method is not checked for now. This will be replaced by autodetection in the future.

listen

If set to 1 enables experimental

HTTP

server. This can be used to send data when used as an output option, or read data from a client with

HTTP POST

when used as an input option. If set to 2 enables experimental mutli-client

HTTP

server. This is not yet implemented in ffmpeg.c or ffserver.c and thus must not be used as a command line option.

        # Server side (sending):
        ffmpeg -i somefile.ogg -c copy -listen 1 -f ogg http://<server>:<port>
        
        # Client side (receiving):
        ffmpeg -i http://<server>:<port> -c copy somefile.ogg
        
        # Client can also be done with wget:
        wget http://<server>:<port> -O somefile.ogg
        
        # Server side (receiving):
        ffmpeg -listen 1 -i http://<server>:<port> -c copy somefile.ogg
        
        # Client side (sending):
        ffmpeg -i somefile.ogg -chunked_post 0 -c copy -f ogg http://<server>:<port>
        
        # Client can also be done with wget:
        wget --post-file=somefile.ogg http://<server>:<port>

HTTP

Cookies

Some

HTTP

requests will be denied unless cookie values are passed in with the request. The cookies option allows these cookies to be specified. At the very least, each cookie must specify a value along with a path and domain.

HTTP

requests that match both the domain and path will automatically include the cookie value in the

HTTP

Cookie header field. Multiple cookies can be delimited by a newline.

The required syntax to play a stream specifying a cookie is:

        ffplay -cookies "nlqptid=nltid=tsn; path=/; domain=somedomain.com;" somedomain.com/somestream.m3u8

Icecast

Icecast protocol (stream to Icecast servers)

This protocol accepts the following options:

ice_genre: Set the stream genre.
ice_name: Set the stream name.
ice_description: Set the stream description.
ice_url: Set the stream website
URL.
ice_public: Set if the stream should be public. The default is 0 (not public).
user_agent: Override the User-Agent header. If not specified a string of the form ``Lavf/<version>'' will be used.
password: Set the Icecast mountpoint password.
content_type: Set the stream content type. This must be set if it is different from audio/mpeg.
legacy_icecast: This enables support for Icecast versions < 2.4.0, that do not support the
HTTP PUT
method but the
SOURCE
method.

        icecast://[<username>[:<password>]@]<server>:<port>/<mountpoint>

mmst

MMS

(Microsoft Media Server) protocol over

TCP.

mmsh

MMS

(Microsoft Media Server) protocol over

HTTP.

The required syntax is:

        mmsh://<server>[:<port>][/<app>][/<playpath>]

md5

MD5

output protocol.

Computes the

MD5

hash of the data to be written, and on close writes this to the designated output or stdout if none is specified. It can be used to test muxers without writing an actual file.

Some examples follow.

        # Write the MD5 hash of the encoded AVI file to the file output.avi.md5.
        ffmpeg -i input.flv -f avi -y md5:output.avi.md5
        
        # Write the MD5 hash of the encoded AVI file to stdout.
        ffmpeg -i input.flv -f avi -y md5:

Note that some formats (typically

MOV

) require the output protocol to be seekable, so they will fail with the

MD5

output protocol.

pipe

UNIX

pipe access protocol.

Read and write from

UNIX

pipes.

The accepted syntax is:

        pipe:[<number>]

number is the number corresponding to the file descriptor of the pipe (e.g. 0 for stdin, 1 for stdout, 2 for stderr). If number is not specified, by default the stdout file descriptor will be used for writing, stdin for reading.

For example to read from stdin with ffmpeg:

        cat test.wav | ffmpeg -i pipe:0
        # ...this is the same as...
        cat test.wav | ffmpeg -i pipe:

For writing to stdout with ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i test.wav -f avi pipe:1 | cat > test.avi
        # ...this is the same as...
        ffmpeg -i test.wav -f avi pipe: | cat > test.avi

This protocol accepts the following options:

blocksize: Set I/O operation maximum block size, in bytes. Default value is "INT_MAX", which results in not limiting the requested block size. Setting this value reasonably low improves user termination request reaction time, which is valuable if data transmission is slow.

Note that some formats (typically

MOV

), require the output protocol to be seekable, so they will fail with the pipe output protocol.

rtmp

Real-Time Messaging Protocol.

The Real-Time Messaging Protocol (

RTMP

) is used for streaming multimedia content across a

TCP/IP

network.

The required syntax is:

        rtmp://[<username>:<password>@]<server>[:<port>][/<app>][/<instance>][/<playpath>]

The accepted parameters are:

username: An optional username (mostly for publishing).
password: An optional password (mostly for publishing).
server: The address of the
RTMP
server.
port: The number of the
TCP
port to use (by default is 1935).
app: It is the name of the application to access. It usually corresponds to the path where the application is installed on the
RTMP
server (e.g. /ondemand/, /flash/live/, etc.). You can override the value parsed from the
URI
through the "rtmp_app" option, too.
playpath: It is the path or name of the resource to play with reference to the application specified in app, may be prefixed by ``mp4:''. You can override the value parsed from the
URI
through the "rtmp_playpath" option, too.
listen: Act as a server, listening for an incoming connection.
timeout: Maximum time to wait for the incoming connection. Implies listen.

Additionally, the following parameters can be set via command line options (or in code via "AVOption"s):

rtmp_app: Name of application to connect on the
RTMP
server. This option overrides the parameter specified in the
URI.
rtmp_buffer: Set the client buffer time in milliseconds. The default is 3000.
rtmp_conn: Extra arbitrary
AMF
connection parameters, parsed from a string, e.g. like "B:1 S:authMe O:1 NN:code:1.23 NS:flag:ok O:0". Each value is prefixed by a single character denoting the type, B for Boolean, N for number, S for string, O for object, or Z for null, followed by a colon. For Booleans the data must be either 0 or 1 for
FALSE
or
TRUE,
respectively. Likewise for Objects the data must be 0 or 1 to end or begin an object, respectively. Data items in subobjects may be named, by prefixing the type with 'N' and specifying the name before the value (i.e. "NB:myFlag:1"). This option may be used multiple times to construct arbitrary
AMF
sequences.
rtmp_flashver: Version of the Flash plugin used to run the
SWF
player. The default is
LNX 9,0,124,2.
(When publishing, the default is
FMLE/3.0
(compatible; <libavformat version>).)
rtmp_flush_interval: Number of packets flushed in the same request (
RTMPT
only). The default is 10.
rtmp_live: Specify that the media is a live stream. No resuming or seeking in live streams is possible. The default value is "any", which means the subscriber first tries to play the live stream specified in the playpath. If a live stream of that name is not found, it plays the recorded stream. The other possible values are "live" and "recorded".
rtmp_pageurl: URL
of the web page in which the media was embedded. By default no value will be sent.
rtmp_playpath: Stream identifier to play or to publish. This option overrides the parameter specified in the
URI.
rtmp_subscribe: Name of live stream to subscribe to. By default no value will be sent. It is only sent if the option is specified or if rtmp_live is set to live.
rtmp_swfhash: SHA256
hash of the decompressed
SWF
file (32 bytes).
rtmp_swfsize: Size of the decompressed
SWF
file, required for SWFVerification.
rtmp_swfurl: URL
of the
SWF
player for the media. By default no value will be sent.
rtmp_swfverify: URL
to player swf file, compute hash/size automatically.
rtmp_tcurl: URL
of the target stream. Defaults to proto://host[:port]/app.

For example to read with ffplay a multimedia resource named ``sample'' from the application ``vod'' from an

RTMP

server ``myserver'':

        ffplay rtmp://myserver/vod/sample

To publish to a password protected server, passing the playpath and app names separately:

        ffmpeg -re -i <input> -f flv -rtmp_playpath some/long/path -rtmp_app long/app/name rtmp://username:password@myserver/

rtmpe

Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol.

The Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol (

RTMPE

) is used for streaming multimedia content within standard cryptographic primitives, consisting of Diffie-Hellman key exchange and

HMACSHA256,

generating a pair of

RC4

keys.

rtmps

Real-Time Messaging Protocol over a secure

SSL

connection.

The Real-Time Messaging Protocol (

RTMPS

) is used for streaming multimedia content across an encrypted connection.

rtmpt

Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through

HTTP.

The Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through

HTTP

(

RTMPT

) is used for streaming multimedia content within

HTTP

requests to traverse firewalls.

rtmpte

Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through

HTTP.

The Encrypted Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through

HTTP

(

RTMPTE

) is used for streaming multimedia content within

HTTP

requests to traverse firewalls.

rtmpts

Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through

HTTPS.

The Real-Time Messaging Protocol tunneled through

HTTPS

(

RTMPTS

) is used for streaming multimedia content within

HTTPS

requests to traverse firewalls.

libsmbclient

libsmbclient permits one to manipulate

CIFS/SMB

network resources.

Following syntax is required.

        smb://[[domain:]user[:password@]]server[/share[/path[/file]]]

This protocol accepts the following options.

timeout: Set timeout in miliseconds of socket I/O operations used by the underlying low level operation. By default it is set to -1, which means that the timeout is not specified.
truncate: Truncate existing files on write, if set to 1. A value of 0 prevents truncating. Default value is 1.
workgroup: Set the workgroup used for making connections. By default workgroup is not specified.

For more information see: <www.samba.org>.

libssh

Secure File Transfer Protocol via libssh

Read from or write to remote resources using

SFTP

protocol.

Following syntax is required.

        sftp://[user[:password]@]server[:port]/path/to/remote/resource.mpeg

This protocol accepts the following options.

timeout: Set timeout of socket I/O operations used by the underlying low level operation. By default it is set to -1, which means that the timeout is not specified.
truncate: Truncate existing files on write, if set to 1. A value of 0 prevents truncating. Default value is 1.
private_key: Specify the path of the file containing private key to use during authorization. By default libssh searches for keys in the ~/.ssh/ directory.

Example: Play a file stored on remote server.

        ffplay sftp://user:password@server_address:22/home/user/resource.mpeg

librtmp rtmp, rtmpe, rtmps, rtmpt, rtmpte

Real-Time Messaging Protocol and its variants supported through librtmp.

Requires the presence of the librtmp headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with ``--enable-librtmp''. If enabled this will replace the native

RTMP

protocol.

This protocol provides most client functions and a few server functions needed to support

RTMP, RTMP

tunneled in

HTTP

(

RTMPT

), encrypted

RTMP

(

RTMPE

RTMP

over

SSL/TLS

(

RTMPS

) and tunneled variants of these encrypted types (

RTMPTE, RTMPTS

The required syntax is:

        <rtmp_proto>://<server>[:<port>][/<app>][/<playpath>] <options>

where rtmp_proto is one of the strings ``rtmp'', ``rtmpt'', ``rtmpe'', ``rtmps'', ``rtmpte'', ``rtmpts'' corresponding to each

RTMP

variant, and server, port, app and playpath have the same meaning as specified for the

RTMP

native protocol. options contains a list of space-separated options of the form key=val.

See the librtmp manual page (man 3 librtmp) for more information.

For example, to stream a file in real-time to an

RTMP

server using ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -re -i myfile -f flv rtmp://myserver/live/mystream

To play the same stream using ffplay:

        ffplay "rtmp://myserver/live/mystream live=1"

rtp

Real-time Transport Protocol.

The required syntax for an

RTP URL

is: rtp://hostname[:port][?option=val...]

port specifies the

RTP

port to use.

The following

URL

options are supported:

ttl=n: Set the
TTL
(Time-To-Live) value (for multicast only).
rtcpport=n: Set the remote
RTCP
port to n.
localrtpport=n: Set the local
RTP
port to n.
localrtcpport=n': Set the local
RTCP
port to n.
pkt_size=n: Set max packet size (in bytes) to n.
connect=0|1: Do a "connect()" on the
UDP
socket (if set to 1) or not (if set to 0).
sources=ip[,ip]: List allowed source
IP
addresses.
block=ip[,ip]: List disallowed (blocked) source
IP
addresses.
write_to_source=0|1: Send packets to the source address of the latest received packet (if set to 1) or to a default remote address (if set to 0).
localport=n: Set the local
RTP
port to n.
This is a deprecated option. Instead, localrtpport should be used.

Important notes:

1.: If rtcpport is not set the
RTCP
port will be set to the
RTP
port value plus 1.
2.: If localrtpport (the local
RTP
port) is not set any available port will be used for the local
RTP
and
RTCP
ports.
3.: If localrtcpport (the local
RTCP
port) is not set it will be set to the local
RTP
port value plus 1.

rtsp

Real-Time Streaming Protocol.

RTSP

is not technically a protocol handler in libavformat, it is a demuxer and muxer. The demuxer supports both normal

RTSP

(with data transferred over

RTP

; this is used by e.g. Apple and Microsoft) and Real-RTSP (with data transferred over

RDT

The muxer can be used to send a stream using

RTSP ANNOUNCE

to a server supporting it (currently Darwin Streaming Server and Mischa Spiegelmock's <github.com/revmischa/rtsp-server>).

The required syntax for a

RTSP

url is:

        rtsp://<hostname>[:<port>]/<path>

Options can be set on the ffmpeg/ffplay command line, or set in code via "AVOption"s or in "avformat_open_input".

The following options are supported.

initial_pause

Do not start playing the stream immediately if set to 1. Default value is 0.

rtsp_transport

Set

RTSP

transport protocols.

It accepts the following values:

udp: Use
UDP
as lower transport protocol.
tcp: Use
TCP
(interleaving within the
RTSP
control channel) as lower transport protocol.
udp_multicast: Use
UDP
multicast as lower transport protocol.
http: Use
HTTP
tunneling as lower transport protocol, which is useful for passing proxies.

: Multiple lower transport protocols may be specified, in that case they are tried one at a time (if the setup of one fails, the next one is tried). For the muxer, only the tcp and udp options are supported.

rtsp_flags

Set

RTSP

flags.

The following values are accepted:

filter_src: Accept packets only from negotiated peer address and port.
listen: Act as a server, listening for an incoming connection.
prefer_tcp: Try
TCP
for
RTP
transport first, if
TCP
is available as
RTSP RTP
transport.

: Default value is none.

allowed_media_types

Set media types to accept from the server.

The following flags are accepted:

video
audio
data

: By default it accepts all media types.

min_port

Set minimum local

UDP

port. Default value is 5000.

max_port

Set maximum local

UDP

port. Default value is 65000.

timeout

Set maximum timeout (in seconds) to wait for incoming connections.

A value of -1 means infinite (default). This option implies the rtsp_flags set to listen.

reorder_queue_size

Set number of packets to buffer for handling of reordered packets.

stimeout

Set socket

TCP I/O

timeout in microseconds.

user-agent

Override User-Agent header. If not specified, it defaults to the libavformat identifier string.

When receiving data over

UDP,

the demuxer tries to reorder received packets (since they may arrive out of order, or packets may get lost totally). This can be disabled by setting the maximum demuxing delay to zero (via the "max_delay" field of AVFormatContext).

When watching multi-bitrate Real-RTSP streams with ffplay, the streams to display can be chosen with "-vst" n and "-ast" n for video and audio respectively, and can be switched on the fly by pressing "v" and "a".

Examples

The following examples all make use of the ffplay and ffmpeg tools.

*

Watch a stream over

UDP,

with a max reordering delay of 0.5 seconds:

        ffplay -max_delay 500000 -rtsp_transport udp rtsp://server/video.mp4

*

Watch a stream tunneled over

HTTP:

        ffplay -rtsp_transport http rtsp://server/video.mp4

*

Send a stream in realtime to a

RTSP

server, for others to watch:

        ffmpeg -re -i <input> -f rtsp -muxdelay 0.1 rtsp://server/live.sdp

*

Receive a stream in realtime:

        ffmpeg -rtsp_flags listen -i rtsp://ownaddress/live.sdp <output>

sap

Session Announcement Protocol (

RFC 2974

). This is not technically a protocol handler in libavformat, it is a muxer and demuxer. It is used for signalling of

RTP

streams, by announcing the

SDP

for the streams regularly on a separate port.

Muxer

The syntax for a

SAP

url given to the muxer is:

        sap://<destination>[:<port>][?<options>]

The

RTP

packets are sent to destination on port port, or to port 5004 if no port is specified. options is a "&"-separated list. The following options are supported:

announce_addr=address: Specify the destination
IP
address for sending the announcements to. If omitted, the announcements are sent to the commonly used
SAP
announcement multicast address 224.2.127.254 (sap.mcast.net), or ff0e::2:7ffe if destination is an IPv6 address.
announce_port=port: Specify the port to send the announcements on, defaults to 9875 if not specified.
ttl=ttl: Specify the time to live value for the announcements and
RTP
packets, defaults to 255.
same_port=0|1: If set to 1, send all
RTP
streams on the same port pair. If zero (the default), all streams are sent on unique ports, with each stream on a port 2 numbers higher than the previous. VLC/Live555 requires this to be set to 1, to be able to receive the stream. The
RTP
stack in libavformat for receiving requires all streams to be sent on unique ports.

Example command lines follow.

To broadcast a stream on the local subnet, for watching in

VLC:

        ffmpeg -re -i <input> -f sap sap://224.0.0.255?same_port=1

Similarly, for watching in ffplay:

        ffmpeg -re -i <input> -f sap sap://224.0.0.255

And for watching in ffplay, over IPv6:

        ffmpeg -re -i <input> -f sap sap://[ff0e::1:2:3:4]

Demuxer

The syntax for a

SAP

url given to the demuxer is:

        sap://[<address>][:<port>]

address is the multicast address to listen for announcements on, if omitted, the default 224.2.127.254 (sap.mcast.net) is used. port is the port that is listened on, 9875 if omitted.

The demuxers listens for announcements on the given address and port. Once an announcement is received, it tries to receive that particular stream.

Example command lines follow.

To play back the first stream announced on the normal

SAP

multicast address:

        ffplay sap://

To play back the first stream announced on one the default IPv6

SAP

multicast address:

        ffplay sap://[ff0e::2:7ffe]

sctp

Stream Control Transmission Protocol.

The accepted

URL

syntax is:

        sctp://<host>:<port>[?<options>]

The protocol accepts the following options:

listen: If set to any value, listen for an incoming connection. Outgoing connection is done by default.
max_streams: Set the maximum number of streams. By default no limit is set.

srtp

Secure Real-time Transport Protocol.

The accepted options are:

srtp_in_suite

srtp_out_suite

Select input and output encoding suites.

Supported values:

AES_CM_128_HMAC_SHA1_80
SRTP_AES128_CM_HMAC_SHA1_80
AES_CM_128_HMAC_SHA1_32
SRTP_AES128_CM_HMAC_SHA1_32

srtp_in_params

srtp_out_params

Set input and output encoding parameters, which are expressed by a base64-encoded representation of a binary block. The first 16 bytes of this binary block are used as master key, the following 14 bytes are used as master salt.

subfile

Virtually extract a segment of a file or another stream. The underlying stream must be seekable.

Accepted options:

start: Start offset of the extracted segment, in bytes.
end: End offset of the extracted segment, in bytes.

Examples:

Extract a chapter from a

DVD VOB

file (start and end sectors obtained externally and multiplied by 2048):

        subfile,,start,153391104,end,268142592,,:/media/dvd/VIDEO_TS/VTS_08_1.VOB

Play an

AVI

file directly from a

TAR

archive:

        subfile,,start,183241728,end,366490624,,:archive.tar

tcp

Transmission Control Protocol.

The required syntax for a

TCP

url is:

        tcp://<hostname>:<port>[?<options>]

options contains a list of &-separated options of the form key=val.

The list of supported options follows.

listen=1|0: Listen for an incoming connection. Default value is 0.
timeout=microseconds: Set raise error timeout, expressed in microseconds.
This option is only relevant in read mode: if no data arrived in more than this time interval, raise error.
listen_timeout=milliseconds: Set listen timeout, expressed in milliseconds.

The following example shows how to setup a listening

TCP

connection with ffmpeg, which is then accessed with ffplay:

        ffmpeg -i <input> -f <format> tcp://<hostname>:<port>?listen
        ffplay tcp://<hostname>:<port>

tls

Transport Layer Security (

TLS

) / Secure Sockets Layer (

SSL

)

The required syntax for a

TLS/SSL

url is:

        tls://<hostname>:<port>[?<options>]

The following parameters can be set via command line options (or in code via "AVOption"s):

ca_file, cafile=filename: A file containing certificate authority (
CA
) root certificates to treat as trusted. If the linked
TLS
library contains a default this might not need to be specified for verification to work, but not all libraries and setups have defaults built in. The file must be in OpenSSL
PEM
format.
tls_verify=1|0: If enabled, try to verify the peer that we are communicating with. Note, if using OpenSSL, this currently only makes sure that the peer certificate is signed by one of the root certificates in the
CA
database, but it does not validate that the certificate actually matches the host name we are trying to connect to. (With GnuTLS, the host name is validated as well.)
This is disabled by default since it requires a
CA
database to be provided by the caller in many cases.
cert_file, cert=filename: A file containing a certificate to use in the handshake with the peer. (When operating as server, in listen mode, this is more often required by the peer, while client certificates only are mandated in certain setups.)
key_file, key=filename: A file containing the private key for the certificate.
listen=1|0: If enabled, listen for connections on the provided port, and assume the server role in the handshake instead of the client role.

Example command lines:

To create a

TLS/SSL

server that serves an input stream.

        ffmpeg -i <input> -f <format> tls://<hostname>:<port>?listen&cert=<server.crt>&key=<server.key>

To play back a stream from the

TLS/SSL

server using ffplay:

        ffplay tls://<hostname>:<port>

udp

User Datagram Protocol.

The required syntax for an

UDP URL

is:

        udp://<hostname>:<port>[?<options>]

options contains a list of &-separated options of the form key=val.

In case threading is enabled on the system, a circular buffer is used to store the incoming data, which allows one to reduce loss of data due to

UDP

socket buffer overruns. The fifo_size and overrun_nonfatal options are related to this buffer.

The list of supported options follows.

buffer_size=size: Set the
UDP
maximum socket buffer size in bytes. This is used to set either the receive or send buffer size, depending on what the socket is used for. Default is 64KB. See also fifo_size.
localport=port: Override the local
UDP
port to bind with.
localaddr=addr: Choose the local
IP
address. This is useful e.g. if sending multicast and the host has multiple interfaces, where the user can choose which interface to send on by specifying the
IP
address of that interface.
pkt_size=size: Set the size in bytes of
UDP
packets.
reuse=1|0: Explicitly allow or disallow reusing
UDP
sockets.
ttl=ttl: Set the time to live value (for multicast only).
connect=1|0: Initialize the
UDP
socket with "connect()". In this case, the destination address can't be changed with ff_udp_set_remote_url later. If the destination address isn't known at the start, this option can be specified in ff_udp_set_remote_url, too. This allows finding out the source address for the packets with getsockname, and makes writes return with
AVERROR
(
ECONNREFUSED
) if ``destination unreachable'' is received. For receiving, this gives the benefit of only receiving packets from the specified peer address/port.
sources=address[,address]: Only receive packets sent to the multicast group from one of the specified sender
IP
addresses.
block=address[,address]: Ignore packets sent to the multicast group from the specified sender
IP
addresses.
fifo_size=units: Set the
UDP
receiving circular buffer size, expressed as a number of packets with size of 188 bytes. If not specified defaults to 7*4096.
overrun_nonfatal=1|0: Survive in case of
UDP
receiving circular buffer overrun. Default value is 0.
timeout=microseconds: Set raise error timeout, expressed in microseconds.
This option is only relevant in read mode: if no data arrived in more than this time interval, raise error.
broadcast=1|0: Explicitly allow or disallow
UDP
broadcasting.
Note that broadcasting may not work properly on networks having a broadcast storm protection.

Examples

*

Use ffmpeg to stream over

UDP

to a remote endpoint:

        ffmpeg -i <input> -f <format> udp://<hostname>:<port>

*

Use ffmpeg to stream in mpegts format over

UDP

using 188 sized

UDP

packets, using a large input buffer:

        ffmpeg -i <input> -f mpegts udp://<hostname>:<port>?pkt_size=188&buffer_size=65535

*

Use ffmpeg to receive over

UDP

from a remote endpoint:

        ffmpeg -i udp://[<multicast-address>]:<port> ...

unix

Unix local socket

The required syntax for a Unix socket

URL

is:

        unix://<filepath>

The following parameters can be set via command line options (or in code via "AVOption"s):

timeout: Timeout in ms.
listen: Create the Unix socket in listening mode.

DEVICE OPTIONS

The libavdevice library provides the same interface as libavformat. Namely, an input device is considered like a demuxer, and an output device like a muxer, and the interface and generic device options are the same provided by libavformat (see the ffmpeg-formats manual).

In addition each input or output device may support so-called private options, which are specific for that component.

Options may be set by specifying -option value in the FFmpeg tools, or by setting the value explicitly in the device "AVFormatContext" options or using the libavutil/opt.h

API

for programmatic use.

INPUT DEVICES

Input devices are configured elements in FFmpeg which enable accessing the data coming from a multimedia device attached to your system.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported input devices are enabled by default. You can list all available ones using the configure option ``--list-indevs''.

You can disable all the input devices using the configure option ``--disable-indevs'', and selectively enable an input device using the option "--enable-indev=

INDEV

``, or you can disable a particular input device using the option ''--disable-indev=

INDEV

The option ``-devices'' of the ff* tools will display the list of supported input devices.

A description of the currently available input devices follows.

alsa

ALSA

(Advanced Linux Sound Architecture) input device.

To enable this input device during configuration you need libasound installed on your system.

This device allows capturing from an

ALSA

device. The name of the device to capture has to be an

ALSA

card identifier.

ALSA

identifier has the syntax:

        hw:<CARD>[,<DEV>[,<SUBDEV>]]

where the

DEV

and

SUBDEV

components are optional.

The three arguments (in order:

CARD

DEV

SUBDEV

) specify card number or identifier, device number and subdevice number (-1 means any).

To see the list of cards currently recognized by your system check the files /proc/asound/cards and /proc/asound/devices.

For example to capture with ffmpeg from an

ALSA

device with card id 0, you may run the command:

        ffmpeg -f alsa -i hw:0 alsaout.wav

For more information see: <www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm.html>

Options

sample_rate: Set the sample rate in Hz. Default is 48000.
channels: Set the number of channels. Default is 2.

avfoundation

AVFoundation input device.

AVFoundation is the currently recommended framework by Apple for streamgrabbing on

OSX

>= 10.7 as well as on iOS. The older QTKit framework has been marked deprecated since

OSX

version 10.7.

The input filename has to be given in the following syntax:

        -i "[[VIDEO]:[AUDIO]]"

The first entry selects the video input while the latter selects the audio input. The stream has to be specified by the device name or the device index as shown by the device list. Alternatively, the video and/or audio input device can be chosen by index using the

    B<-video_device_index E<lt>INDEXE<gt>>

and/or

    B<-audio_device_index E<lt>INDEXE<gt>>

, overriding any device name or index given in the input filename.

All available devices can be enumerated by using -list_devices true, listing all device names and corresponding indices.

There are two device name aliases:

default: Select the AVFoundation default device of the corresponding type.
none: Do not record the corresponding media type. This is equivalent to specifying an empty device name or index.

Options

AVFoundation supports the following options:

-list_devices <TRUE|FALSE>: If set to true, a list of all available input devices is given showing all device names and indices.
-video_device_index <
INDEX
>: Specify the video device by its index. Overrides anything given in the input filename.
-audio_device_index <
INDEX
>: Specify the audio device by its index. Overrides anything given in the input filename.
-pixel_format <
FORMAT
>: Request the video device to use a specific pixel format. If the specified format is not supported, a list of available formats is given und the first one in this list is used instead. Available pixel formats are: "monob, rgb555be, rgb555le, rgb565be, rgb565le, rgb24, bgr24, 0rgb, bgr0, 0bgr, rgb0, bgr48be, uyvy422, yuva444p, yuva444p16le, yuv444p, yuv422p16, yuv422p10, yuv444p10, yuv420p, nv12, yuyv422, gray"
-framerate: Set the grabbing frame rate. Default is "ntsc", corresponding to a frame rate of "30000/1001".
-video_size: Set the video frame size.
-capture_cursor: Capture the mouse pointer. Default is 0.
-capture_mouse_clicks: Capture the screen mouse clicks. Default is 0.

Examples

*

Print the list of AVFoundation supported devices and exit:

        $ ffmpeg -f avfoundation -list_devices true -i ""

*

Record video from video device 0 and audio from audio device 0 into out.avi:

        $ ffmpeg -f avfoundation -i "0:0" out.avi

*

Record video from video device 2 and audio from audio device 1 into out.avi:

        $ ffmpeg -f avfoundation -video_device_index 2 -i ":1" out.avi

*

Record video from the system default video device using the pixel format bgr0 and do not record any audio into out.avi:

        $ ffmpeg -f avfoundation -pixel_format bgr0 -i "default:none" out.avi

bktr

BSD

video input device.

Options

framerate

Set the frame rate.

video_size

Set the video frame size. Default is "vga".

standard

Available values are:

pal
ntsc
secam
paln
palm
ntscj

decklink

The decklink input device provides capture capabilities for Blackmagic DeckLink devices.

To enable this input device, you need the Blackmagic DeckLink

SDK

and you need to configure with the appropriate "--extra-cflags" and "--extra-ldflags". On Windows, you need to run the

IDL

files through widl.

DeckLink is very picky about the formats it supports. Pixel format is uyvy422 or v210, framerate and video size must be determined for your device with -list_formats 1. Audio sample rate is always 48 kHz and the number of channels can be 2, 8 or 16.

Options

list_devices: If set to true, print a list of devices and exit. Defaults to false.
list_formats: If set to true, print a list of supported formats and exit. Defaults to false.
bm_v210: If set to 1, video is captured in 10 bit v210 instead of uyvy422. Not all Blackmagic devices support this option.

Examples

*

List input devices:

        ffmpeg -f decklink -list_devices 1 -i dummy

*

List supported formats:

        ffmpeg -f decklink -list_formats 1 -i 'Intensity Pro'

*

Capture video clip at 1080i50 (format 11):

        ffmpeg -f decklink -i 'Intensity Pro@11' -acodec copy -vcodec copy output.avi

*

Capture video clip at 1080i50 10 bit:

        ffmpeg -bm_v210 1 -f decklink -i 'UltraStudio Mini Recorder@11' -acodec copy -vcodec copy output.avi

dshow

Windows DirectShow input device.

DirectShow support is enabled when FFmpeg is built with the mingw-w64 project. Currently only audio and video devices are supported.

Multiple devices may be opened as separate inputs, but they may also be opened on the same input, which should improve synchronism between them.

The input name should be in the format:

        <TYPE>=<NAME>[:<TYPE>=<NAME>]

where

TYPE

can be either audio or video, and

NAME

is the device's name or alternative name..

Options

If no options are specified, the device's defaults are used. If the device does not support the requested options, it will fail to open.

video_size: Set the video size in the captured video.
framerate: Set the frame rate in the captured video.
sample_rate: Set the sample rate (in Hz) of the captured audio.
sample_size: Set the sample size (in bits) of the captured audio.
channels: Set the number of channels in the captured audio.
list_devices: If set to true, print a list of devices and exit.
list_options: If set to true, print a list of selected device's options and exit.
video_device_number: Set video device number for devices with the same name (starts at 0, defaults to 0).
audio_device_number: Set audio device number for devices with the same name (starts at 0, defaults to 0).
pixel_format: Select pixel format to be used by DirectShow. This may only be set when the video codec is not set or set to rawvideo.
audio_buffer_size: Set audio device buffer size in milliseconds (which can directly impact latency, depending on the device). Defaults to using the audio device's default buffer size (typically some multiple of 500ms). Setting this value too low can degrade performance. See also <msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd377582(v=vs.85).aspx>
video_pin_name: Select video capture pin to use by name or alternative name.
audio_pin_name: Select audio capture pin to use by name or alternative name.
crossbar_video_input_pin_number: Select video input pin number for crossbar device. This will be routed to the crossbar device's Video Decoder output pin. Note that changing this value can affect future invocations (sets a new default) until system reboot occurs.
crossbar_audio_input_pin_number: Select audio input pin number for crossbar device. This will be routed to the crossbar device's Audio Decoder output pin. Note that changing this value can affect future invocations (sets a new default) until system reboot occurs.
show_video_device_dialog: If set to true, before capture starts, popup a display dialog to the end user, allowing them to change video filter properties and configurations manually. Note that for crossbar devices, adjusting values in this dialog may be needed at times to toggle between
PAL
(25 fps) and
NTSC
(29.97) input frame rates, sizes, interlacing, etc. Changing these values can enable different scan rates/frame rates and avoiding green bars at the bottom, flickering scan lines, etc. Note that with some devices, changing these properties can also affect future invocations (sets new defaults) until system reboot occurs.
show_audio_device_dialog: If set to true, before capture starts, popup a display dialog to the end user, allowing them to change audio filter properties and configurations manually.
show_video_crossbar_connection_dialog: If set to true, before capture starts, popup a display dialog to the end user, allowing them to manually modify crossbar pin routings, when it opens a video device.
show_audio_crossbar_connection_dialog: If set to true, before capture starts, popup a display dialog to the end user, allowing them to manually modify crossbar pin routings, when it opens an audio device.
show_analog_tv_tuner_dialog: If set to true, before capture starts, popup a display dialog to the end user, allowing them to manually modify
TV
channels and frequencies.
show_analog_tv_tuner_audio_dialog: If set to true, before capture starts, popup a display dialog to the end user, allowing them to manually modify
TV
audio (like mono vs. stereo, Language A,B or C).
audio_device_load: Load an audio capture filter device from file instead of searching it by name. It may load additional parameters too, if the filter supports the serialization of its properties to. To use this an audio capture source has to be specified, but it can be anything even fake one.
audio_device_save: Save the currently used audio capture filter device and its parameters (if the filter supports it) to a file. If a file with the same name exists it will be overwritten.
video_device_load: Load a video capture filter device from file instead of searching it by name. It may load additional parameters too, if the filter supports the serialization of its properties to. To use this a video capture source has to be specified, but it can be anything even fake one.
video_device_save: Save the currently used video capture filter device and its parameters (if the filter supports it) to a file. If a file with the same name exists it will be overwritten.

Examples

*

Print the list of DirectShow supported devices and exit:

        $ ffmpeg -list_devices true -f dshow -i dummy

*

Open video device Camera:

        $ ffmpeg -f dshow -i video="Camera"

*

Open second video device with name Camera:

        $ ffmpeg -f dshow -video_device_number 1 -i video="Camera"

*

Open video device Camera and audio device Microphone:

        $ ffmpeg -f dshow -i video="Camera":audio="Microphone"

*

Print the list of supported options in selected device and exit:

        $ ffmpeg -list_options true -f dshow -i video="Camera"

*

Specify pin names to capture by name or alternative name, specify alternative device name:

        $ ffmpeg -f dshow -audio_pin_name "Audio Out" -video_pin_name 2 -i video=video="@device_pnp_\\?\pci#ven_1a0a&dev_6200&subsys_62021461&rev_01#4&e2c7dd6&0&00e1#{65e8773d-8f56-11d0-a3b9-00a0c9223196}\{ca465100-deb0-4d59-818f-8c477184adf6}":audio="Microphone"

*

Configure a crossbar device, specifying crossbar pins, allow user to adjust video capture properties at startup:

        $ ffmpeg -f dshow -show_video_device_dialog true -crossbar_video_input_pin_number 0
             -crossbar_audio_input_pin_number 3 -i video="AVerMedia BDA Analog Capture":audio="AVerMedia BDA Analog Capture"

dv1394

Linux

DV 1394

input device.

Options

framerate

Set the frame rate. Default is 25.

standard

Available values are:

pal
ntsc

: Default value is "ntsc".

fbdev

Linux framebuffer input device.

The Linux framebuffer is a graphic hardware-independent abstraction layer to show graphics on a computer monitor, typically on the console. It is accessed through a file device node, usually /dev/fb0.

For more detailed information read the file Documentation/fb/framebuffer.txt included in the Linux source tree.

See also <linux-fbdev.sourceforge.net>, and fbset(1).

To record from the framebuffer device /dev/fb0 with ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -f fbdev -framerate 10 -i /dev/fb0 out.avi

You can take a single screenshot image with the command:

        ffmpeg -f fbdev -framerate 1 -i /dev/fb0 -frames:v 1 screenshot.jpeg

Options

framerate: Set the frame rate. Default is 25.

gdigrab

Win32 GDI-based screen capture device.

This device allows you to capture a region of the display on Windows.

There are two options for the input filename:

        desktop

        title=<window_title>

The first option will capture the entire desktop, or a fixed region of the desktop. The second option will instead capture the contents of a single window, regardless of its position on the screen.

For example, to grab the entire desktop using ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -f gdigrab -framerate 6 -i desktop out.mpg

Grab a 640x480 region at position "10,20":

        ffmpeg -f gdigrab -framerate 6 -offset_x 10 -offset_y 20 -video_size vga -i desktop out.mpg

Grab the contents of the window named ``Calculator''

        ffmpeg -f gdigrab -framerate 6 -i title=Calculator out.mpg

Options

draw_mouse

Specify whether to draw the mouse pointer. Use the value 0 to not draw the pointer. Default value is 1.

framerate

Set the grabbing frame rate. Default value is "ntsc", corresponding to a frame rate of "30000/1001".

show_region

Show grabbed region on screen.

If show_region is specified with 1, then the grabbing region will be indicated on screen. With this option, it is easy to know what is being grabbed if only a portion of the screen is grabbed.

Note that show_region is incompatible with grabbing the contents of a single window.

For example:

        ffmpeg -f gdigrab -show_region 1 -framerate 6 -video_size cif -offset_x 10 -offset_y 20 -i desktop out.mpg

video_size

Set the video frame size. The default is to capture the full screen if desktop is selected, or the full window size if title=window_title is selected.

offset_x

When capturing a region with video_size, set the distance from the left edge of the screen or desktop.

Note that the offset calculation is from the top left corner of the primary monitor on Windows. If you have a monitor positioned to the left of your primary monitor, you will need to use a negative offset_x value to move the region to that monitor.

offset_y

When capturing a region with video_size, set the distance from the top edge of the screen or desktop.

Note that the offset calculation is from the top left corner of the primary monitor on Windows. If you have a monitor positioned above your primary monitor, you will need to use a negative offset_y value to move the region to that monitor.

iec61883

FireWire

DV/HDV

input device using libiec61883.

To enable this input device, you need libiec61883, libraw1394 and libavc1394 installed on your system. Use the configure option "--enable-libiec61883" to compile with the device enabled.

The iec61883 capture device supports capturing from a video device connected via

IEEE1394

(FireWire), using libiec61883 and the new Linux FireWire stack (juju). This is the default

DV/HDV

input method in Linux Kernel 2.6.37 and later, since the old FireWire stack was removed.

Specify the FireWire port to be used as input file, or ``auto'' to choose the first port connected.

Options

dvtype: Override autodetection of
DV/HDV.
This should only be used if auto detection does not work, or if usage of a different device type should be prohibited. Treating a
DV
device as
HDV
(or vice versa) will not work and result in undefined behavior. The values auto, dv and hdv are supported.
dvbuffer: Set maximum size of buffer for incoming data, in frames. For
DV,
this is an exact value. For
HDV,
it is not frame exact, since
HDV
does not have a fixed frame size.
dvguid: Select the capture device by specifying it's
GUID.
Capturing will only be performed from the specified device and fails if no device with the given
GUID
is found. This is useful to select the input if multiple devices are connected at the same time. Look at /sys/bus/firewire/devices to find out the GUIDs.

Examples

*

Grab and show the input of a FireWire

DV/HDV

device.

        ffplay -f iec61883 -i auto

*

Grab and record the input of a FireWire

DV/HDV

device, using a packet buffer of 100000 packets if the source is

HDV.

        ffmpeg -f iec61883 -i auto -hdvbuffer 100000 out.mpg

jack

JACK

input device.

To enable this input device during configuration you need libjack installed on your system.

JACK

input device creates one or more

JACK

writable clients, one for each audio channel, with name client_name:input_N, where client_name is the name provided by the application, and N is a number which identifies the channel. Each writable client will send the acquired data to the FFmpeg input device.

Once you have created one or more

JACK

readable clients, you need to connect them to one or more

JACK

writable clients.

To connect or disconnect

JACK

clients you can use the jack_connect and jack_disconnect programs, or do it through a graphical interface, for example with qjackctl.

To list the

JACK

clients and their properties you can invoke the command jack_lsp.

Follows an example which shows how to capture a

JACK

readable client with ffmpeg.

        # Create a JACK writable client with name "ffmpeg".
        $ ffmpeg -f jack -i ffmpeg -y out.wav
        
        # Start the sample jack_metro readable client.
        $ jack_metro -b 120 -d 0.2 -f 4000
        
        # List the current JACK clients.
        $ jack_lsp -c
        system:capture_1
        system:capture_2
        system:playback_1
        system:playback_2
        ffmpeg:input_1
        metro:120_bpm
        
        # Connect metro to the ffmpeg writable client.
        $ jack_connect metro:120_bpm ffmpeg:input_1

For more information read: <jackaudio.org>

Options

channels: Set the number of channels. Default is 2.

lavfi

Libavfilter input virtual device.

This input device reads data from the open output pads of a libavfilter filtergraph.

For each filtergraph open output, the input device will create a corresponding stream which is mapped to the generated output. Currently only video data is supported. The filtergraph is specified through the option graph.

Options

graph

Specify the filtergraph to use as input. Each video open output must be labelled by a unique string of the form "outN", where N is a number starting from 0 corresponding to the mapped input stream generated by the device. The first unlabelled output is automatically assigned to the ``out0'' label, but all the others need to be specified explicitly.

The suffix ``+subcc'' can be appended to the output label to create an extra stream with the closed captions packets attached to that output (experimental; only for

EIA-608 / CEA-708

for now). The subcc streams are created after all the normal streams, in the order of the corresponding stream. For example, if there is ``out19+subcc'', ``out7+subcc'' and up to ``out42'', the stream #43 is subcc for stream #7 and stream #44 is subcc for stream #19.

If not specified defaults to the filename specified for the input device.

graph_file

Set the filename of the filtergraph to be read and sent to the other filters. Syntax of the filtergraph is the same as the one specified by the option graph.

dumpgraph

Dump graph to stderr.

Examples

*

Create a color video stream and play it back with ffplay:

        ffplay -f lavfi -graph "color=c=pink [out0]" dummy

*

As the previous example, but use filename for specifying the graph description, and omit the ``out0'' label:

        ffplay -f lavfi color=c=pink

*

Create three different video test filtered sources and play them:

        ffplay -f lavfi -graph "testsrc [out0]; testsrc,hflip [out1]; testsrc,negate [out2]" test3

*

Read an audio stream from a file using the amovie source and play it back with ffplay:

        ffplay -f lavfi "amovie=test.wav"

*

Read an audio stream and a video stream and play it back with ffplay:

        ffplay -f lavfi "movie=test.avi[out0];amovie=test.wav[out1]"

*

Dump decoded frames to images and closed captions to a file (experimental):

        ffmpeg -f lavfi -i "movie=test.ts[out0+subcc]" -map v frame%08d.png -map s -c copy -f rawvideo subcc.bin

libcdio

Audio-CD input device based on libcdio.

To enable this input device during configuration you need libcdio installed on your system. It requires the configure option "--enable-libcdio".

This device allows playing and grabbing from an Audio-CD.

For example to copy with ffmpeg the entire Audio-CD in /dev/sr0, you may run the command:

        ffmpeg -f libcdio -i /dev/sr0 cd.wav

Options

speed

Set drive reading speed. Default value is 0.

The speed is specified CD-ROM speed units. The speed is set through the libcdio "cdio_cddap_speed_set" function. On many CD-ROM drives, specifying a value too large will result in using the fastest speed.

paranoia_mode

Set paranoia recovery mode flags. It accepts one of the following values:

disable
verify
overlap
neverskip
full

Default value is disable.

For more information about the available recovery modes, consult the paranoia project documentation.

libdc1394

IIDC1394

input device, based on libdc1394 and libraw1394.

Requires the configure option "--enable-libdc1394".

openal

The OpenAL input device provides audio capture on all systems with a working OpenAL 1.1 implementation.

To enable this input device during configuration, you need OpenAL headers and libraries installed on your system, and need to configure FFmpeg with "--enable-openal".

OpenAL headers and libraries should be provided as part of your OpenAL implementation, or as an additional download (an

SDK

). Depending on your installation you may need to specify additional flags via the "--extra-cflags" and "--extra-ldflags" for allowing the build system to locate the OpenAL headers and libraries.

An incomplete list of OpenAL implementations follows:

Creative: The official Windows implementation, providing hardware acceleration with supported devices and software fallback. See <openal.org>.
OpenAL Soft: Portable, open source (
LGPL
) software implementation. Includes backends for the most common sound APIs on the Windows, Linux, Solaris, and
BSD
operating systems. See <kcat.strangesoft.net/openal.html>.
Apple: OpenAL is part of Core Audio, the official Mac
OS X
Audio interface. See <developer.apple.com/technologies/mac/audio-and-video.html>

This device allows one to capture from an audio input device handled through OpenAL.

You need to specify the name of the device to capture in the provided filename. If the empty string is provided, the device will automatically select the default device. You can get the list of the supported devices by using the option list_devices.

Options

channels: Set the number of channels in the captured audio. Only the values 1 (monaural) and 2 (stereo) are currently supported. Defaults to 2.
sample_size: Set the sample size (in bits) of the captured audio. Only the values 8 and 16 are currently supported. Defaults to 16.
sample_rate: Set the sample rate (in Hz) of the captured audio. Defaults to 44.1k.
list_devices: If set to true, print a list of devices and exit. Defaults to false.

Examples

Print the list of OpenAL supported devices and exit:

        $ ffmpeg -list_devices true -f openal -i dummy out.ogg

Capture from the OpenAL device

DR-BT101

via PulseAudio:

        $ ffmpeg -f openal -i 'DR-BT101 via PulseAudio' out.ogg

Capture from the default device (note the empty string '' as filename):

        $ ffmpeg -f openal -i '' out.ogg

Capture from two devices simultaneously, writing to two different files, within the same ffmpeg command:

        $ ffmpeg -f openal -i 'DR-BT101 via PulseAudio' out1.ogg -f openal -i 'ALSA Default' out2.ogg

Note: not all OpenAL implementations support multiple simultaneous capture - try the latest OpenAL Soft if the above does not work.

oss

Open Sound System input device.

The filename to provide to the input device is the device node representing the

OSS

input device, and is usually set to /dev/dsp.

For example to grab from /dev/dsp using ffmpeg use the command:

        ffmpeg -f oss -i /dev/dsp /tmp/oss.wav

For more information about

OSS

see: <manuals.opensound.com/usersguide/dsp.html>

Options

sample_rate: Set the sample rate in Hz. Default is 48000.
channels: Set the number of channels. Default is 2.

pulse

PulseAudio input device.

To enable this output device you need to configure FFmpeg with "--enable-libpulse".

The filename to provide to the input device is a source device or the string ``default''

To list the PulseAudio source devices and their properties you can invoke the command pactl list sources.

More information about PulseAudio can be found on <www.pulseaudio.org>.

Options

server: Connect to a specific PulseAudio server, specified by an
IP
address. Default server is used when not provided.
name: Specify the application name PulseAudio will use when showing active clients, by default it is the "LIBAVFORMAT_IDENT" string.
stream_name: Specify the stream name PulseAudio will use when showing active streams, by default it is ``record''.
sample_rate: Specify the samplerate in Hz, by default 48kHz is used.
channels: Specify the channels in use, by default 2 (stereo) is set.
frame_size: Specify the number of bytes per frame, by default it is set to 1024.
fragment_size: Specify the minimal buffering fragment in PulseAudio, it will affect the audio latency. By default it is unset.
wallclock: Set the initial
PTS
using the current time. Default is 1.

Examples

Record a stream from default device:

        ffmpeg -f pulse -i default /tmp/pulse.wav

qtkit

QTKit input device.

The filename passed as input is parsed to contain either a device name or index. The device index can also be given by using -video_device_index. A given device index will override any given device name. If the desired device consists of numbers only, use -video_device_index to identify it. The default device will be chosen if an empty string or the device name ``default'' is given. The available devices can be enumerated by using -list_devices.

        ffmpeg -f qtkit -i "0" out.mpg

        
        ffmpeg -f qtkit -video_device_index 0 -i "" out.mpg

        
        ffmpeg -f qtkit -i "default" out.mpg

        
        ffmpeg -f qtkit -list_devices true -i ""

Options

frame_rate: Set frame rate. Default is 30.
list_devices: If set to "true", print a list of devices and exit. Default is "false".
video_device_index: Select the video device by index for devices with the same name (starts at 0).

sndio

sndio input device.

To enable this input device during configuration you need libsndio installed on your system.

The filename to provide to the input device is the device node representing the sndio input device, and is usually set to /dev/audio0.

For example to grab from /dev/audio0 using ffmpeg use the command:

        ffmpeg -f sndio -i /dev/audio0 /tmp/oss.wav

Options

sample_rate: Set the sample rate in Hz. Default is 48000.
channels: Set the number of channels. Default is 2.

video4linux2, v4l2

Video4Linux2 input video device.

``v4l2'' can be used as alias for ``video4linux2''.

If FFmpeg is built with v4l-utils support (by using the "--enable-libv4l2" configure option), it is possible to use it with the "-use_libv4l2" input device option.

The name of the device to grab is a file device node, usually Linux systems tend to automatically create such nodes when the device (e.g. an

USB

webcam) is plugged into the system, and has a name of the kind /dev/videoN, where N is a number associated to the device.

Video4Linux2 devices usually support a limited set of widthxheight sizes and frame rates. You can check which are supported using -list_formats all for Video4Linux2 devices. Some devices, like

cards, support one or more standards. It is possible to list all the supported standards using -list_standards all.

The time base for the timestamps is 1 microsecond. Depending on the kernel version and configuration, the timestamps may be derived from the real time clock (origin at the Unix Epoch) or the monotonic clock (origin usually at boot time, unaffected by

NTP

or manual changes to the clock). The -timestamps abs or -ts abs option can be used to force conversion into the real time clock.

Some usage examples of the video4linux2 device with ffmpeg and ffplay:

*

List supported formats for a video4linux2 device:

        ffplay -f video4linux2 -list_formats all /dev/video0

*

Grab and show the input of a video4linux2 device:

        ffplay -f video4linux2 -framerate 30 -video_size hd720 /dev/video0

*

Grab and record the input of a video4linux2 device, leave the frame rate and size as previously set:

        ffmpeg -f video4linux2 -input_format mjpeg -i /dev/video0 out.mpeg

For more information about Video4Linux, check <linuxtv.org>.

Options

standard

Set the standard. Must be the name of a supported standard. To get a list of the supported standards, use the list_standards option.

channel

Set the input channel number. Default to -1, which means using the previously selected channel.

video_size

Set the video frame size. The argument must be a string in the form

WIDTH

HEIGHT

or a valid size abbreviation.

pixel_format

Select the pixel format (only valid for raw video input).

input_format

Set the preferred pixel format (for raw video) or a codec name. This option allows one to select the input format, when several are available.

framerate

Set the preferred video frame rate.

list_formats

List available formats (supported pixel formats, codecs, and frame sizes) and exit.

Available values are:

all: Show all available (compressed and non-compressed) formats.
raw: Show only raw video (non-compressed) formats.
compressed: Show only compressed formats.

list_standards

List supported standards and exit.

Available values are:

all: Show all supported standards.

timestamps, ts

Set type of timestamps for grabbed frames.

Available values are:

default: Use timestamps from the kernel.
abs: Use absolute timestamps (wall clock).
mono2abs: Force conversion from monotonic to absolute timestamps.

: Default value is "default".

use_libv4l2

Use libv4l2 (v4l-utils) conversion functions. Default is 0.

vfwcap

VfW (Video for Windows) capture input device.

The filename passed as input is the capture driver number, ranging from 0 to 9. You may use ``list'' as filename to print a list of drivers. Any other filename will be interpreted as device number 0.

Options

video_size: Set the video frame size.
framerate: Set the grabbing frame rate. Default value is "ntsc", corresponding to a frame rate of "30000/1001".

x11grab

X11 video input device.

To enable this input device during configuration you need libxcb installed on your system. It will be automatically detected during configuration.

Alternatively, the configure option --enable-x11grab exists for legacy Xlib users.

This device allows one to capture a region of an X11 display.

The filename passed as input has the syntax:

        [<hostname>]:<display_number>.<screen_number>[+<x_offset>,<y_offset>]

hostname:display_number.screen_number specifies the X11 display name of the screen to grab from. hostname can be omitted, and defaults to ``localhost''. The environment variable

DISPLAY

contains the default display name.

x_offset and y_offset specify the offsets of the grabbed area with respect to the top-left border of the X11 screen. They default to 0.

Check the X11 documentation (e.g. man X) for more detailed information.

Use the xdpyinfo program for getting basic information about the properties of your X11 display (e.g. grep for ``name'' or ``dimensions'').

For example to grab from :0.0 using ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -f x11grab -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0 out.mpg

Grab at position "10,20":

        ffmpeg -f x11grab -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0+10,20 out.mpg

Options

draw_mouse

Specify whether to draw the mouse pointer. A value of 0 specify not to draw the pointer. Default value is 1.

follow_mouse

Make the grabbed area follow the mouse. The argument can be "centered" or a number of pixels

PIXELS

When it is specified with ``centered'', the grabbing region follows the mouse pointer and keeps the pointer at the center of region; otherwise, the region follows only when the mouse pointer reaches within

PIXELS

(greater than zero) to the edge of region.

For example:

        ffmpeg -f x11grab -follow_mouse centered -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0 out.mpg

To follow only when the mouse pointer reaches within 100 pixels to edge:

        ffmpeg -f x11grab -follow_mouse 100 -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0 out.mpg

framerate

Set the grabbing frame rate. Default value is "ntsc", corresponding to a frame rate of "30000/1001".

show_region

Show grabbed region on screen.

If show_region is specified with 1, then the grabbing region will be indicated on screen. With this option, it is easy to know what is being grabbed if only a portion of the screen is grabbed.

region_border

Set the region border thickness if -show_region 1 is used. Range is 1 to 128 and default is 3 (XCB-based x11grab only).

For example:

        ffmpeg -f x11grab -show_region 1 -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0+10,20 out.mpg

With follow_mouse:

        ffmpeg -f x11grab -follow_mouse centered -show_region 1 -framerate 25 -video_size cif -i :0.0 out.mpg

video_size

Set the video frame size. Default value is "vga".

use_shm

Use the MIT-SHM extension for shared memory. Default value is 1. It may be necessary to disable it for remote displays (legacy x11grab only).

grab_x grab_y AVOption

The syntax is:

        -grab_x <x_offset> -grab_y <y_offset>

Set the grabbing region coordinates. They are expressed as offset from the top left corner of the X11 window. The default value is 0.

RESAMPLER OPTIONS

The audio resampler supports the following named options.

Options may be set by specifying -option value in the FFmpeg tools, option=value for the aresample filter, by setting the value explicitly in the "SwrContext" options or using the libavutil/opt.h

API

for programmatic use.

ich, in_channel_count

Set the number of input channels. Default value is 0. Setting this value is not mandatory if the corresponding channel layout in_channel_layout is set.

och, out_channel_count

Set the number of output channels. Default value is 0. Setting this value is not mandatory if the corresponding channel layout out_channel_layout is set.

uch, used_channel_count

Set the number of used input channels. Default value is 0. This option is only used for special remapping.

isr, in_sample_rate

Set the input sample rate. Default value is 0.

osr, out_sample_rate

Set the output sample rate. Default value is 0.

isf, in_sample_fmt

Specify the input sample format. It is set by default to "none".

osf, out_sample_fmt

Specify the output sample format. It is set by default to "none".

tsf, internal_sample_fmt

Set the internal sample format. Default value is "none". This will automatically be chosen when it is not explicitly set.

icl, in_channel_layout

ocl, out_channel_layout

Set the input/output channel layout.

See the Channel Layout section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual for the required syntax.

clev, center_mix_level

Set the center mix level. It is a value expressed in deciBel, and must be in the interval [-32,32].

slev, surround_mix_level

Set the surround mix level. It is a value expressed in deciBel, and must be in the interval [-32,32].

lfe_mix_level

Set

LFE

mix into non

LFE

level. It is used when there is a

LFE

input but no

LFE

output. It is a value expressed in deciBel, and must be in the interval [-32,32].

rmvol, rematrix_volume

Set rematrix volume. Default value is 1.0.

rematrix_maxval

Set maximum output value for rematrixing. This can be used to prevent clipping vs. preventing volumn reduction A value of 1.0 prevents cliping.

flags, swr_flags

Set flags used by the converter. Default value is 0.

It supports the following individual flags:

res: force resampling, this flag forces resampling to be used even when the input and output sample rates match.

dither_scale

Set the dither scale. Default value is 1.

dither_method

Set dither method. Default value is 0.

Supported values:

rectangular: select rectangular dither
triangular: select triangular dither
triangular_hp: select triangular dither with high pass
lipshitz: select lipshitz noise shaping dither
shibata: select shibata noise shaping dither
low_shibata: select low shibata noise shaping dither
high_shibata: select high shibata noise shaping dither
f_weighted: select f-weighted noise shaping dither
modified_e_weighted: select modified-e-weighted noise shaping dither
improved_e_weighted: select improved-e-weighted noise shaping dither

resampler

Set resampling engine. Default value is swr.

Supported values:

swr: select the native
SW
Resampler; filter options precision and cheby are not applicable in this case.
soxr: select the SoX Resampler (where available); compensation, and filter options filter_size, phase_shift, filter_type & kaiser_beta, are not applicable in this case.

filter_size

For swr only, set resampling filter size, default value is 32.

phase_shift

For swr only, set resampling phase shift, default value is 10, and must be in the interval [0,30].

linear_interp

Use Linear Interpolation if set to 1, default value is 0.

cutoff

Set cutoff frequency (swr: 6dB point; soxr: 0dB point) ratio; must be a float value between 0 and 1. Default value is 0.97 with swr, and 0.91 with soxr (which, with a sample-rate of 44100, preserves the entire audio band to 20kHz).

precision

For soxr only, the precision in bits to which the resampled signal will be calculated. The default value of 20 (which, with suitable dithering, is appropriate for a destination bit-depth of 16) gives SoX's 'High Quality'; a value of 28 gives SoX's 'Very High Quality'.

cheby

For soxr only, selects passband rolloff none (Chebyshev) & higher-precision approximation for 'irrational' ratios. Default value is 0.

async

For swr only, simple 1 parameter audio sync to timestamps using stretching, squeezing, filling and trimming. Setting this to 1 will enable filling and trimming, larger values represent the maximum amount in samples that the data may be stretched or squeezed for each second. Default value is 0, thus no compensation is applied to make the samples match the audio timestamps.

first_pts

For swr only, assume the first pts should be this value. The time unit is 1 / sample rate. This allows for padding/trimming at the start of stream. By default, no assumption is made about the first frame's expected pts, so no padding or trimming is done. For example, this could be set to 0 to pad the beginning with silence if an audio stream starts after the video stream or to trim any samples with a negative pts due to encoder delay.

min_comp

For swr only, set the minimum difference between timestamps and audio data (in seconds) to trigger stretching/squeezing/filling or trimming of the data to make it match the timestamps. The default is that stretching/squeezing/filling and trimming is disabled (min_comp = "FLT_MAX").

min_hard_comp

For swr only, set the minimum difference between timestamps and audio data (in seconds) to trigger adding/dropping samples to make it match the timestamps. This option effectively is a threshold to select between hard (trim/fill) and soft (squeeze/stretch) compensation. Note that all compensation is by default disabled through min_comp. The default is 0.1.

comp_duration

For swr only, set duration (in seconds) over which data is stretched/squeezed to make it match the timestamps. Must be a non-negative double float value, default value is 1.0.

max_soft_comp

For swr only, set maximum factor by which data is stretched/squeezed to make it match the timestamps. Must be a non-negative double float value, default value is 0.

matrix_encoding

Select matrixed stereo encoding.

It accepts the following values:

none: select none
dolby: select Dolby
dplii: select Dolby Pro Logic
II

: Default value is "none".

filter_type

For swr only, select resampling filter type. This only affects resampling operations.

It accepts the following values:

cubic: select cubic
blackman_nuttall: select Blackman Nuttall Windowed Sinc
kaiser: select Kaiser Windowed Sinc

kaiser_beta

For swr only, set Kaiser Window Beta value. Must be an integer in the interval [2,16], default value is 9.

output_sample_bits

For swr only, set number of used output sample bits for dithering. Must be an integer in the interval [0,64], default value is 0, which means it's not used.

SCALER OPTIONS

The video scaler supports the following named options.

Options may be set by specifying -option value in the FFmpeg tools. For programmatic use, they can be set explicitly in the "SwsContext" options or through the libavutil/opt.h

API.

sws_flags

Set the scaler flags. This is also used to set the scaling algorithm. Only a single algorithm should be selected.

It accepts the following values:

fast_bilinear: Select fast bilinear scaling algorithm.
bilinear: Select bilinear scaling algorithm.
bicubic: Select bicubic scaling algorithm.
experimental: Select experimental scaling algorithm.
neighbor: Select nearest neighbor rescaling algorithm.
area: Select averaging area rescaling algorithm.
bicublin: Select bicubic scaling algorithm for the luma component, bilinear for chroma components.
gauss: Select Gaussian rescaling algorithm.
sinc: Select sinc rescaling algorithm.
lanczos: Select lanczos rescaling algorithm.
spline: Select natural bicubic spline rescaling algorithm.
print_info: Enable printing/debug logging.
accurate_rnd: Enable accurate rounding.
full_chroma_int: Enable full chroma interpolation.
full_chroma_inp: Select full chroma input.
bitexact: Enable bitexact output.

srcw

Set source width.

srch

Set source height.

dstw

Set destination width.

dsth

Set destination height.

src_format

Set source pixel format (must be expressed as an integer).

dst_format

Set destination pixel format (must be expressed as an integer).

src_range

Select source range.

dst_range

Select destination range.

param0, param1

Set scaling algorithm parameters. The specified values are specific of some scaling algorithms and ignored by others. The specified values are floating point number values.

sws_dither

Set the dithering algorithm. Accepts one of the following values. Default value is auto.

auto: automatic choice
none: no dithering
bayer: bayer dither
ed: error diffusion dither
a_dither: arithmetic dither, based using addition
x_dither: arithmetic dither, based using xor (more random/less apparent patterning that a_dither).

alphablend

Set the alpha blending to use when the input has alpha but the output does not. Default value is none.

uniform_color: Blend onto a uniform background color
checkerboard: Blend onto a checkerboard
none: No blending

FILTERING INTRODUCTION

Filtering in FFmpeg is enabled through the libavfilter library.

In libavfilter, a filter can have multiple inputs and multiple outputs. To illustrate the sorts of things that are possible, we consider the following filtergraph.

                        [main]
        input --> split ---------------------> overlay --> output
                    |                             ^
                    |[tmp]                  [flip]|
                    +-----> crop --> vflip -------+

This filtergraph splits the input stream in two streams, then sends one stream through the crop filter and the vflip filter, before merging it back with the other stream by overlaying it on top. You can use the following command to achieve this:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf "split [main][tmp]; [tmp] crop=iw:ih/2:0:0, vflip [flip]; [main][flip] overlay=0:H/2" OUTPUT

The result will be that the top half of the video is mirrored onto the bottom half of the output video.

Filters in the same linear chain are separated by commas, and distinct linear chains of filters are separated by semicolons. In our example, crop,vflip are in one linear chain, split and overlay are separately in another. The points where the linear chains join are labelled by names enclosed in square brackets. In the example, the split filter generates two outputs that are associated to the labels [main] and [tmp].

The stream sent to the second output of split, labelled as [tmp], is processed through the crop filter, which crops away the lower half part of the video, and then vertically flipped. The overlay filter takes in input the first unchanged output of the split filter (which was labelled as [main]), and overlay on its lower half the output generated by the crop,vflip filterchain.

Some filters take in input a list of parameters: they are specified after the filter name and an equal sign, and are separated from each other by a colon.

There exist so-called source filters that do not have an audio/video input, and sink filters that will not have audio/video output.

GRAPH

The graph2dot program included in the FFmpeg tools directory can be used to parse a filtergraph description and issue a corresponding textual representation in the dot language.

Invoke the command:

        graph2dot -h

to see how to use graph2dot.

You can then pass the dot description to the dot program (from the graphviz suite of programs) and obtain a graphical representation of the filtergraph.

For example the sequence of commands:

        echo <GRAPH_DESCRIPTION> | \
        tools/graph2dot -o graph.tmp && \
        dot -Tpng graph.tmp -o graph.png && \
        display graph.png

can be used to create and display an image representing the graph described by the

GRAPH_DESCRIPTION

string. Note that this string must be a complete self-contained graph, with its inputs and outputs explicitly defined. For example if your command line is of the form:

        ffmpeg -i infile -vf scale=640:360 outfile

your

GRAPH_DESCRIPTION

string will need to be of the form:

        nullsrc,scale=640:360,nullsink

you may also need to set the nullsrc parameters and add a format filter in order to simulate a specific input file.

FILTERGRAPH DESCRIPTION

A filtergraph is a directed graph of connected filters. It can contain cycles, and there can be multiple links between a pair of filters. Each link has one input pad on one side connecting it to one filter from which it takes its input, and one output pad on the other side connecting it to one filter accepting its output.

Each filter in a filtergraph is an instance of a filter class registered in the application, which defines the features and the number of input and output pads of the filter.

A filter with no input pads is called a ``source'', and a filter with no output pads is called a ``sink''.

Filtergraph syntax

A filtergraph has a textual representation, which is recognized by the -filter/-vf/-af and -filter_complex options in ffmpeg and -vf/-af in ffplay, and by the "avfilter_graph_parse_ptr()" function defined in libavfilter/avfilter.h.

A filterchain consists of a sequence of connected filters, each one connected to the previous one in the sequence. A filterchain is represented by a list of ``,''-separated filter descriptions.

A filtergraph consists of a sequence of filterchains. A sequence of filterchains is represented by a list of ``;''-separated filterchain descriptions.

A filter is represented by a string of the form: [in_link_1]...[in_link_N]filter_name=arguments[out_link_1]...[out_link_M]

filter_name is the name of the filter class of which the described filter is an instance of, and has to be the name of one of the filter classes registered in the program. The name of the filter class is optionally followed by a string "=arguments".

arguments is a string which contains the parameters used to initialize the filter instance. It may have one of two forms:

*: A ':'-separated list of key=value pairs.
*: A ':'-separated list of value. In this case, the keys are assumed to be the option names in the order they are declared. E.g. the "fade" filter declares three options in this order --- type, start_frame and nb_frames. Then the parameter list in:0:30 means that the value in is assigned to the option type, 0 to start_frame and 30 to nb_frames.
*: A ':'-separated list of mixed direct value and long key=value pairs. The direct value must precede the key=value pairs, and follow the same constraints order of the previous point. The following key=value pairs can be set in any preferred order.

If the option value itself is a list of items (e.g. the "format" filter takes a list of pixel formats), the items in the list are usually separated by |.

The list of arguments can be quoted using the character ' as initial and ending mark, and the character \ for escaping the characters within the quoted text; otherwise the argument string is considered terminated when the next special character (belonging to the set []=;,) is encountered.

The name and arguments of the filter are optionally preceded and followed by a list of link labels. A link label allows one to name a link and associate it to a filter output or input pad. The preceding labels in_link_1 ... in_link_N, are associated to the filter input pads, the following labels out_link_1 ... out_link_M, are associated to the output pads.

When two link labels with the same name are found in the filtergraph, a link between the corresponding input and output pad is created.

If an output pad is not labelled, it is linked by default to the first unlabelled input pad of the next filter in the filterchain. For example in the filterchain

        nullsrc, split[L1], [L2]overlay, nullsink

the split filter instance has two output pads, and the overlay filter instance two input pads. The first output pad of split is labelled ``L1'', the first input pad of overlay is labelled ``L2'', and the second output pad of split is linked to the second input pad of overlay, which are both unlabelled.

In a filter description, if the input label of the first filter is not specified, ``in'' is assumed; if the output label of the last filter is not specified, ``out'' is assumed.

In a complete filterchain all the unlabelled filter input and output pads must be connected. A filtergraph is considered valid if all the filter input and output pads of all the filterchains are connected.

Libavfilter will automatically insert scale filters where format conversion is required. It is possible to specify swscale flags for those automatically inserted scalers by prepending "sws_flags=flags;" to the filtergraph description.

Here is a

BNF

description of the filtergraph syntax:

        <NAME>             ::= sequence of alphanumeric characters and '_'
        <LINKLABEL>        ::= "[" <NAME> "]"
        <LINKLABELS>       ::= <LINKLABEL> [<LINKLABELS>]
        <FILTER_ARGUMENTS> ::= sequence of chars (possibly quoted)
        <FILTER>           ::= [<LINKLABELS>] <NAME> ["=" <FILTER_ARGUMENTS>] [<LINKLABELS>]
        <FILTERCHAIN>      ::= <FILTER> [,<FILTERCHAIN>]
        <FILTERGRAPH>      ::= [sws_flags=<flags>;] <FILTERCHAIN> [;<FILTERGRAPH>]

Notes on filtergraph escaping

Filtergraph description composition entails several levels of escaping. See the ``Quoting and escaping'' section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual for more information about the employed escaping procedure.

A first level escaping affects the content of each filter option value, which may contain the special character ":" used to separate values, or one of the escaping characters "\'".

A second level escaping affects the whole filter description, which may contain the escaping characters "\'" or the special characters "[],;" used by the filtergraph description.

Finally, when you specify a filtergraph on a shell commandline, you need to perform a third level escaping for the shell special characters contained within it.

For example, consider the following string to be embedded in the drawtext filter description text value:

        this is a 'string': may contain one, or more, special characters

This string contains the "'" special escaping character, and the ":" special character, so it needs to be escaped in this way:

        text=this is a \'string\'\: may contain one, or more, special characters

A second level of escaping is required when embedding the filter description in a filtergraph description, in order to escape all the filtergraph special characters. Thus the example above becomes:

        drawtext=text=this is a \\\'string\\\'\\: may contain one\, or more\, special characters

(note that in addition to the "\'" escaping special characters, also "," needs to be escaped).

Finally an additional level of escaping is needed when writing the filtergraph description in a shell command, which depends on the escaping rules of the adopted shell. For example, assuming that "\" is special and needs to be escaped with another "\", the previous string will finally result in:

        -vf "drawtext=text=this is a \\\\\\'string\\\\\\'\\\\: may contain one\\, or more\\, special characters"

TIMELINE EDITING

Some filters support a generic enable option. For the filters supporting timeline editing, this option can be set to an expression which is evaluated before sending a frame to the filter. If the evaluation is non-zero, the filter will be enabled, otherwise the frame will be sent unchanged to the next filter in the filtergraph.

The expression accepts the following values:

t: timestamp expressed in seconds,
NAN
if the input timestamp is unknown
n: sequential number of the input frame, starting from 0
pos: the position in the file of the input frame,
NAN
if unknown
w
h: width and height of the input frame if video

Additionally, these filters support an enable command that can be used to re-define the expression.

Like any other filtering option, the enable option follows the same rules.

For example, to enable a blur filter (smartblur) from 10 seconds to 3 minutes, and a curves filter starting at 3 seconds:

        smartblur = enable='between(t,10,3*60)',
        curves    = enable='gte(t,3)' : preset=cross_process

AUDIO FILTERS

When you configure your FFmpeg build, you can disable any of the existing filters using "--disable-filters". The configure output will show the audio filters included in your build.

Below is a description of the currently available audio filters.

acrossfade

Apply cross fade from one input audio stream to another input audio stream. The cross fade is applied for specified duration near the end of first stream.

The filter accepts the following options:

nb_samples, ns: Specify the number of samples for which the cross fade effect has to last. At the end of the cross fade effect the first input audio will be completely silent. Default is 44100.
duration, d: Specify the duration of the cross fade effect. See the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual for the accepted syntax. By default the duration is determined by nb_samples. If set this option is used instead of nb_samples.
overlap, o: Should first stream end overlap with second stream start. Default is enabled.
curve1: Set curve for cross fade transition for first stream.
curve2: Set curve for cross fade transition for second stream.
For description of available curve types see afade filter description.

Examples

*

Cross fade from one input to another:

        ffmpeg -i first.flac -i second.flac -filter_complex acrossfade=d=10:c1=exp:c2=exp output.flac

*

Cross fade from one input to another but without overlapping:

        ffmpeg -i first.flac -i second.flac -filter_complex acrossfade=d=10:o=0:c1=exp:c2=exp output.flac

adelay

Delay one or more audio channels.

Samples in delayed channel are filled with silence.

The filter accepts the following option:

delays: Set list of delays in milliseconds for each channel separated by '|'. At least one delay greater than 0 should be provided. Unused delays will be silently ignored. If number of given delays is smaller than number of channels all remaining channels will not be delayed.

Examples

*

Delay first channel by 1.5 seconds, the third channel by 0.5 seconds and leave the second channel (and any other channels that may be present) unchanged.

        adelay=1500|0|500

aecho

Apply echoing to the input audio.

Echoes are reflected sound and can occur naturally amongst mountains (and sometimes large buildings) when talking or shouting; digital echo effects emulate this behaviour and are often used to help fill out the sound of a single instrument or vocal. The time difference between the original signal and the reflection is the "delay", and the loudness of the reflected signal is the "decay". Multiple echoes can have different delays and decays.

A description of the accepted parameters follows.

in_gain: Set input gain of reflected signal. Default is 0.6.
out_gain: Set output gain of reflected signal. Default is 0.3.
delays: Set list of time intervals in milliseconds between original signal and reflections separated by '|'. Allowed range for each "delay" is "(0 - 90000.0]". Default is 1000.
decays: Set list of loudnesses of reflected signals separated by '|'. Allowed range for each "decay" is "(0 - 1.0]". Default is 0.5.

Examples

*

Make it sound as if there are twice as many instruments as are actually playing:

        aecho=0.8:0.88:60:0.4

*

If delay is very short, then it sound like a (metallic) robot playing music:

        aecho=0.8:0.88:6:0.4

*

A longer delay will sound like an open air concert in the mountains:

        aecho=0.8:0.9:1000:0.3

*

Same as above but with one more mountain:

        aecho=0.8:0.9:1000|1800:0.3|0.25

aeval

Modify an audio signal according to the specified expressions.

This filter accepts one or more expressions (one for each channel), which are evaluated and used to modify a corresponding audio signal.

It accepts the following parameters:

exprs: Set the '|'-separated expressions list for each separate channel. If the number of input channels is greater than the number of expressions, the last specified expression is used for the remaining output channels.
channel_layout, c: Set output channel layout. If not specified, the channel layout is specified by the number of expressions. If set to same, it will use by default the same input channel layout.

Each expression in exprs can contain the following constants and functions:

ch: channel number of the current expression
n: number of the evaluated sample, starting from 0
s: sample rate
t: time of the evaluated sample expressed in seconds
nb_in_channels
nb_out_channels: input and output number of channels
val(
CH
): the value of input channel with number
CH

Note: this filter is slow. For faster processing you should use a dedicated filter.

Examples

*

Half volume:

        aeval=val(ch)/2:c=same

*

Invert phase of the second channel:

        aeval=val(0)|-val(1)

afade

Apply fade-in/out effect to input audio.

A description of the accepted parameters follows.

type, t

Specify the effect type, can be either "in" for fade-in, or "out" for a fade-out effect. Default is "in".

start_sample, ss

Specify the number of the start sample for starting to apply the fade effect. Default is 0.

nb_samples, ns

Specify the number of samples for which the fade effect has to last. At the end of the fade-in effect the output audio will have the same volume as the input audio, at the end of the fade-out transition the output audio will be silence. Default is 44100.

start_time, st

Specify the start time of the fade effect. Default is 0. The value must be specified as a time duration; see the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual for the accepted syntax. If set this option is used instead of start_sample.

duration, d

Specify the duration of the fade effect. See the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual for the accepted syntax. At the end of the fade-in effect the output audio will have the same volume as the input audio, at the end of the fade-out transition the output audio will be silence. By default the duration is determined by nb_samples. If set this option is used instead of nb_samples.

curve

Set curve for fade transition.

It accepts the following values:

tri: select triangular, linear slope (default)
qsin: select quarter of sine wave
hsin: select half of sine wave
esin: select exponential sine wave
log: select logarithmic
ipar: select inverted parabola
qua: select quadratic
cub: select cubic
squ: select square root
cbr: select cubic root
par: select parabola
exp: select exponential
iqsin: select inverted quarter of sine wave
ihsin: select inverted half of sine wave
dese: select double-exponential seat
desi: select double-exponential sigmoid

Examples

*

Fade in first 15 seconds of audio:

        afade=t=in:ss=0:d=15

*

Fade out last 25 seconds of a 900 seconds audio:

        afade=t=out:st=875:d=25

aformat

Set output format constraints for the input audio. The framework will negotiate the most appropriate format to minimize conversions.

It accepts the following parameters:

sample_fmts: A '|'-separated list of requested sample formats.
sample_rates: A '|'-separated list of requested sample rates.
channel_layouts: A '|'-separated list of requested channel layouts.
See the Channel Layout section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual for the required syntax.

If a parameter is omitted, all values are allowed.

Force the output to either unsigned 8-bit or signed 16-bit stereo

        aformat=sample_fmts=u8|s16:channel_layouts=stereo

allpass

Apply a two-pole all-pass filter with central frequency (in Hz) frequency, and filter-width width. An all-pass filter changes the audio's frequency to phase relationship without changing its frequency to amplitude relationship.

The filter accepts the following options:

frequency, f

Set frequency in Hz.

width_type

Set method to specify band-width of filter.

h: Hz
q: Q-Factor
o: octave
s: slope

width, w

Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.

amerge

Merge two or more audio streams into a single multi-channel stream.

The filter accepts the following options:

inputs: Set the number of inputs. Default is 2.

If the channel layouts of the inputs are disjoint, and therefore compatible, the channel layout of the output will be set accordingly and the channels will be reordered as necessary. If the channel layouts of the inputs are not disjoint, the output will have all the channels of the first input then all the channels of the second input, in that order, and the channel layout of the output will be the default value corresponding to the total number of channels.

For example, if the first input is in 2.1 (

FL+FR+LF

) and the second input is

FC+BL+BR,

then the output will be in 5.1, with the channels in the following order: a1, a2, b1, a3, b2, b3 (a1 is the first channel of the first input, b1 is the first channel of the second input).

On the other hand, if both input are in stereo, the output channels will be in the default order: a1, a2, b1, b2, and the channel layout will be arbitrarily set to 4.0, which may or may not be the expected value.

All inputs must have the same sample rate, and format.

If inputs do not have the same duration, the output will stop with the shortest.

Examples

*

Merge two mono files into a stereo stream:

        amovie=left.wav [l] ; amovie=right.mp3 [r] ; [l] [r] amerge

*

Multiple merges assuming 1 video stream and 6 audio streams in input.mkv:

        ffmpeg -i input.mkv -filter_complex "[0:1][0:2][0:3][0:4][0:5][0:6] amerge=inputs=6" -c:a pcm_s16le output.mkv

amix

Mixes multiple audio inputs into a single output.

Note that this filter only supports float samples (the amerge and pan audio filters support many formats). If the amix input has integer samples then aresample will be automatically inserted to perform the conversion to float samples.

For example

        ffmpeg -i INPUT1 -i INPUT2 -i INPUT3 -filter_complex amix=inputs=3:duration=first:dropout_transition=3 OUTPUT

will mix 3 input audio streams to a single output with the same duration as the first input and a dropout transition time of 3 seconds.

It accepts the following parameters:

inputs

The number of inputs. If unspecified, it defaults to 2.

duration

How to determine the end-of-stream.

longest: The duration of the longest input. (default)
shortest: The duration of the shortest input.
first: The duration of the first input.

dropout_transition

The transition time, in seconds, for volume renormalization when an input stream ends. The default value is 2 seconds.

anull

Pass the audio source unchanged to the output.

apad

Pad the end of an audio stream with silence.

This can be used together with ffmpeg -shortest to extend audio streams to the same length as the video stream.

A description of the accepted options follows.

packet_size: Set silence packet size. Default value is 4096.
pad_len: Set the number of samples of silence to add to the end. After the value is reached, the stream is terminated. This option is mutually exclusive with whole_len.
whole_len: Set the minimum total number of samples in the output audio stream. If the value is longer than the input audio length, silence is added to the end, until the value is reached. This option is mutually exclusive with pad_len.

If neither the pad_len nor the whole_len option is set, the filter will add silence to the end of the input stream indefinitely.

Examples

*

Add 1024 samples of silence to the end of the input:

        apad=pad_len=1024

*

Make sure the audio output will contain at least 10000 samples, pad the input with silence if required:

        apad=whole_len=10000

*

Use ffmpeg to pad the audio input with silence, so that the video stream will always result the shortest and will be converted until the end in the output file when using the shortest option:

        ffmpeg -i VIDEO -i AUDIO -filter_complex "[1:0]apad" -shortest OUTPUT

aphaser

Add a phasing effect to the input audio.

A phaser filter creates series of peaks and troughs in the frequency spectrum. The position of the peaks and troughs are modulated so that they vary over time, creating a sweeping effect.

A description of the accepted parameters follows.

in_gain

Set input gain. Default is 0.4.

out_gain

Set output gain. Default is 0.74

delay

Set delay in milliseconds. Default is 3.0.

decay

Set decay. Default is 0.4.

speed

Set modulation speed in Hz. Default is 0.5.

type

Set modulation type. Default is triangular.

It accepts the following values:

triangular, t
sinusoidal, s

aresample

Resample the input audio to the specified parameters, using the libswresample library. If none are specified then the filter will automatically convert between its input and output.

This filter is also able to stretch/squeeze the audio data to make it match the timestamps or to inject silence / cut out audio to make it match the timestamps, do a combination of both or do neither.

The filter accepts the syntax [sample_rate:]resampler_options, where sample_rate expresses a sample rate and resampler_options is a list of key=value pairs, separated by ``:''. See the ffmpeg-resampler manual for the complete list of supported options.

Examples

*

Resample the input audio to 44100Hz:

        aresample=44100

*

Stretch/squeeze samples to the given timestamps, with a maximum of 1000 samples per second compensation:

        aresample=async=1000

asetnsamples

Set the number of samples per each output audio frame.

The last output packet may contain a different number of samples, as the filter will flush all the remaining samples when the input audio signal its end.

The filter accepts the following options:

nb_out_samples, n: Set the number of frames per each output audio frame. The number is intended as the number of samples per each channel. Default value is 1024.
pad, p: If set to 1, the filter will pad the last audio frame with zeroes, so that the last frame will contain the same number of samples as the previous ones. Default value is 1.

For example, to set the number of per-frame samples to 1234 and disable padding for the last frame, use:

        asetnsamples=n=1234:p=0

asetrate

Set the sample rate without altering the

PCM

data. This will result in a change of speed and pitch.

The filter accepts the following options:

sample_rate, r: Set the output sample rate. Default is 44100 Hz.

ashowinfo

Show a line containing various information for each input audio frame. The input audio is not modified.

The shown line contains a sequence of key/value pairs of the form key:value.

The following values are shown in the output:

n: The (sequential) number of the input frame, starting from 0.
pts: The presentation timestamp of the input frame, in time base units; the time base depends on the filter input pad, and is usually 1/sample_rate.
pts_time: The presentation timestamp of the input frame in seconds.
pos: position of the frame in the input stream, -1 if this information in unavailable and/or meaningless (for example in case of synthetic audio)
fmt: The sample format.
chlayout: The channel layout.
rate: The sample rate for the audio frame.
nb_samples: The number of samples (per channel) in the frame.
checksum: The Adler-32 checksum (printed in hexadecimal) of the audio data. For planar audio, the data is treated as if all the planes were concatenated.
plane_checksums: A list of Adler-32 checksums for each data plane.

astats

Display time domain statistical information about the audio channels. Statistics are calculated and displayed for each audio channel and, where applicable, an overall figure is also given.

It accepts the following option:

length

Short window length in seconds, used for peak and trough

RMS

measurement. Default is 0.05 (50 milliseconds). Allowed range is "[0.1 - 10]".

metadata

Set metadata injection. All the metadata keys are prefixed with "lavfi.astats.X", where "X" is channel number starting from 1 or string "Overall". Default is disabled.

Available keys for each channel are: DC_offset Min_level Max_level Min_difference Max_difference Mean_difference Peak_level RMS_peak RMS_trough Crest_factor Flat_factor Peak_count Bit_depth

and for Overall: DC_offset Min_level Max_level Min_difference Max_difference Mean_difference Peak_level RMS_level RMS_peak RMS_trough Flat_factor Peak_count Bit_depth Number_of_samples

For example full key look like this "lavfi.astats.1.DC_offset" or this "lavfi.astats.Overall.Peak_count".

For description what each key means read below.

reset

Set number of frame after which stats are going to be recalculated. Default is disabled.

A description of each shown parameter follows:

DC
offset: Mean amplitude displacement from zero.
Min level: Minimal sample level.
Max level: Maximal sample level.
Min difference: Minimal difference between two consecutive samples.
Max difference: Maximal difference between two consecutive samples.
Mean difference: Mean difference between two consecutive samples. The average of each difference between two consecutive samples.
Peak level dB
RMS
level dB: Standard peak and
RMS
level measured in dBFS.
RMS
peak dB
RMS
trough dB: Peak and trough values for
RMS
level measured over a short window.
Crest factor: Standard ratio of peak to
RMS
level (note: not in dB).
Flat factor: Flatness (i.e. consecutive samples with the same value) of the signal at its peak levels (i.e. either Min level or Max level).
Peak count: Number of occasions (not the number of samples) that the signal attained either Min level or Max level.
Bit depth: Overall bit depth of audio. Number of bits used for each sample.

astreamsync

Forward two audio streams and control the order the buffers are forwarded.

The filter accepts the following options:

expr, e

Set the expression deciding which stream should be forwarded next: if the result is negative, the first stream is forwarded; if the result is positive or zero, the second stream is forwarded. It can use the following variables:

b1 b2: number of buffers forwarded so far on each stream
s1 s2: number of samples forwarded so far on each stream
t1 t2: current timestamp of each stream

: The default value is "t1-t2", which means to always forward the stream that has a smaller timestamp.

Examples

Stress-test "amerge" by randomly sending buffers on the wrong input, while avoiding too much of a desynchronization:

        amovie=file.ogg [a] ; amovie=file.mp3 [b] ;
        [a] [b] astreamsync=(2*random(1))-1+tanh(5*(t1-t2)) [a2] [b2] ;
        [a2] [b2] amerge

asyncts

Synchronize audio data with timestamps by squeezing/stretching it and/or dropping samples/adding silence when needed.

This filter is not built by default, please use aresample to do squeezing/stretching.

It accepts the following parameters:

compensate: Enable stretching/squeezing the data to make it match the timestamps. Disabled by default. When disabled, time gaps are covered with silence.
min_delta: The minimum difference between timestamps and audio data (in seconds) to trigger adding/dropping samples. The default value is 0.1. If you get an imperfect sync with this filter, try setting this parameter to 0.
max_comp: The maximum compensation in samples per second. Only relevant with compensate=1. The default value is 500.
first_pts: Assume that the first
PTS
should be this value. The time base is 1 / sample rate. This allows for padding/trimming at the start of the stream. By default, no assumption is made about the first frame's expected
PTS,
so no padding or trimming is done. For example, this could be set to 0 to pad the beginning with silence if an audio stream starts after the video stream or to trim any samples with a negative
PTS
due to encoder delay.

atempo

Adjust audio tempo.

The filter accepts exactly one parameter, the audio tempo. If not specified then the filter will assume nominal 1.0 tempo. Tempo must be in the [0.5, 2.0] range.

Examples

*

Slow down audio to 80% tempo:

        atempo=0.8

*

To speed up audio to 125% tempo:

        atempo=1.25

atrim

Trim the input so that the output contains one continuous subpart of the input.

It accepts the following parameters:

start: Timestamp (in seconds) of the start of the section to keep. I.e. the audio sample with the timestamp start will be the first sample in the output.
end: Specify time of the first audio sample that will be dropped, i.e. the audio sample immediately preceding the one with the timestamp end will be the last sample in the output.
start_pts: Same as start, except this option sets the start timestamp in samples instead of seconds.
end_pts: Same as end, except this option sets the end timestamp in samples instead of seconds.
duration: The maximum duration of the output in seconds.
start_sample: The number of the first sample that should be output.
end_sample: The number of the first sample that should be dropped.

start, end, and duration are expressed as time duration specifications; see the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual.

Note that the first two sets of the start/end options and the duration option look at the frame timestamp, while the _sample options simply count the samples that pass through the filter. So start/end_pts and start/end_sample will give different results when the timestamps are wrong, inexact or do not start at zero. Also note that this filter does not modify the timestamps. If you wish to have the output timestamps start at zero, insert the asetpts filter after the atrim filter.

If multiple start or end options are set, this filter tries to be greedy and keep all samples that match at least one of the specified constraints. To keep only the part that matches all the constraints at once, chain multiple atrim filters.

The defaults are such that all the input is kept. So it is possible to set e.g. just the end values to keep everything before the specified time.

Examples:

*

Drop everything except the second minute of input:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -af atrim=60:120

*

Keep only the first 1000 samples:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -af atrim=end_sample=1000

bandpass

Apply a two-pole Butterworth band-pass filter with central frequency frequency, and (3dB-point) band-width width. The csg option selects a constant skirt gain (peak gain = Q) instead of the default: constant 0dB peak gain. The filter roll off at 6dB per octave (20dB per decade).

The filter accepts the following options:

frequency, f

Set the filter's central frequency. Default is 3000.

csg

Constant skirt gain if set to 1. Defaults to 0.

width_type

Set method to specify band-width of filter.

h: Hz
q: Q-Factor
o: octave
s: slope

width, w

Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.

bandreject

Apply a two-pole Butterworth band-reject filter with central frequency frequency, and (3dB-point) band-width width. The filter roll off at 6dB per octave (20dB per decade).

The filter accepts the following options:

frequency, f

Set the filter's central frequency. Default is 3000.

width_type

Set method to specify band-width of filter.

h: Hz
q: Q-Factor
o: octave
s: slope

width, w

Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.

bass

Boost or cut the bass (lower) frequencies of the audio using a two-pole shelving filter with a response similar to that of a standard hi-fi's tone-controls. This is also known as shelving equalisation (

The filter accepts the following options:

gain, g

Give the gain at 0 Hz. Its useful range is about -20 (for a large cut) to +20 (for a large boost). Beware of clipping when using a positive gain.

frequency, f

Set the filter's central frequency and so can be used to extend or reduce the frequency range to be boosted or cut. The default value is 100 Hz.

width_type

Set method to specify band-width of filter.

h: Hz
q: Q-Factor
o: octave
s: slope

width, w

Determine how steep is the filter's shelf transition.

biquad

Apply a biquad

IIR

filter with the given coefficients. Where b0, b1, b2 and a0, a1, a2 are the numerator and denominator coefficients respectively.

bs2b

Bauer stereo to binaural transformation, which improves headphone listening of stereo audio records.

It accepts the following parameters:

profile

Pre-defined crossfeed level.

default: Default level (fcut=700, feed=50).
cmoy: Chu Moy circuit (fcut=700, feed=60).
jmeier: Jan Meier circuit (fcut=650, feed=95).

fcut

Cut frequency (in Hz).

feed

Feed level (in Hz).

channelmap

Remap input channels to new locations.

It accepts the following parameters:

channel_layout: The channel layout of the output stream.
map: Map channels from input to output. The argument is a '|'-separated list of mappings, each in the "in_channel-out_channel" or in_channel form. in_channel can be either the name of the input channel (e.g.
FL
for front left) or its index in the input channel layout. out_channel is the name of the output channel or its index in the output channel layout. If out_channel is not given then it is implicitly an index, starting with zero and increasing by one for each mapping.

If no mapping is present, the filter will implicitly map input channels to output channels, preserving indices.

For example, assuming a 5.1+downmix input

MOV

file,

        ffmpeg -i in.mov -filter 'channelmap=map=DL-FL|DR-FR' out.wav

will create an output

WAV

file tagged as stereo from the downmix channels of the input.

To fix a 5.1

WAV

improperly encoded in

AAC

's native channel order

        ffmpeg -i in.wav -filter 'channelmap=1|2|0|5|3|4:5.1' out.wav

channelsplit

Split each channel from an input audio stream into a separate output stream.

It accepts the following parameters:

channel_layout: The channel layout of the input stream. The default is ``stereo''.

For example, assuming a stereo input

MP3

file,

        ffmpeg -i in.mp3 -filter_complex channelsplit out.mkv

will create an output Matroska file with two audio streams, one containing only the left channel and the other the right channel.

Split a 5.1

WAV

file into per-channel files:

        ffmpeg -i in.wav -filter_complex
        'channelsplit=channel_layout=5.1[FL][FR][FC][LFE][SL][SR]'
        -map '[FL]' front_left.wav -map '[FR]' front_right.wav -map '[FC]'
        front_center.wav -map '[LFE]' lfe.wav -map '[SL]' side_left.wav -map '[SR]'
        side_right.wav

chorus

Add a chorus effect to the audio.

Can make a single vocal sound like a chorus, but can also be applied to instrumentation.

Chorus resembles an echo effect with a short delay, but whereas with echo the delay is constant, with chorus, it is varied using using sinusoidal or triangular modulation. The modulation depth defines the range the modulated delay is played before or after the delay. Hence the delayed sound will sound slower or faster, that is the delayed sound tuned around the original one, like in a chorus where some vocals are slightly off key.

It accepts the following parameters:

in_gain: Set input gain. Default is 0.4.
out_gain: Set output gain. Default is 0.4.
delays: Set delays. A typical delay is around 40ms to 60ms.
decays: Set decays.
speeds: Set speeds.
depths: Set depths.

Examples

*

A single delay:

        chorus=0.7:0.9:55:0.4:0.25:2

*

Two delays:

        chorus=0.6:0.9:50|60:0.4|0.32:0.25|0.4:2|1.3

*

Fuller sounding chorus with three delays:

        chorus=0.5:0.9:50|60|40:0.4|0.32|0.3:0.25|0.4|0.3:2|2.3|1.3

compand

Compress or expand the audio's dynamic range.

It accepts the following parameters:

attacks
decays: A list of times in seconds for each channel over which the instantaneous level of the input signal is averaged to determine its volume. attacks refers to increase of volume and decays refers to decrease of volume. For most situations, the attack time (response to the audio getting louder) should be shorter than the decay time, because the human ear is more sensitive to sudden loud audio than sudden soft audio. A typical value for attack is 0.3 seconds and a typical value for decay is 0.8 seconds. If specified number of attacks & decays is lower than number of channels, the last set attack/decay will be used for all remaining channels.
points: A list of points for the transfer function, specified in dB relative to the maximum possible signal amplitude. Each key points list must be defined using the following syntax: "x0/y0|x1/y1|x2/y2|...." or "x0/y0 x1/y1 x2/y2 ...."
The input values must be in strictly increasing order but the transfer function does not have to be monotonically rising. The point "0/0" is assumed but may be overridden (by "0/out-dBn"). Typical values for the transfer function are "-70/-70|-60/-20".
soft-knee: Set the curve radius in dB for all joints. It defaults to 0.01.
gain: Set the additional gain in dB to be applied at all points on the transfer function. This allows for easy adjustment of the overall gain. It defaults to 0.
volume: Set an initial volume, in dB, to be assumed for each channel when filtering starts. This permits the user to supply a nominal level initially, so that, for example, a very large gain is not applied to initial signal levels before the companding has begun to operate. A typical value for audio which is initially quiet is -90 dB. It defaults to 0.
delay: Set a delay, in seconds. The input audio is analyzed immediately, but audio is delayed before being fed to the volume adjuster. Specifying a delay approximately equal to the attack/decay times allows the filter to effectively operate in predictive rather than reactive mode. It defaults to 0.

Examples

*

Make music with both quiet and loud passages suitable for listening to in a noisy environment:

        compand=.3|.3:1|1:-90/-60|-60/-40|-40/-30|-20/-20:6:0:-90:0.2

Another example for audio with whisper and explosion parts:

        compand=0|0:1|1:-90/-900|-70/-70|-30/-9|0/-3:6:0:0:0

*

A noise gate for when the noise is at a lower level than the signal:

        compand=.1|.1:.2|.2:-900/-900|-50.1/-900|-50/-50:.01:0:-90:.1

*

Here is another noise gate, this time for when the noise is at a higher level than the signal (making it, in some ways, similar to squelch):

        compand=.1|.1:.1|.1:-45.1/-45.1|-45/-900|0/-900:.01:45:-90:.1

dcshift

Apply a

shift to the audio.

This can be useful to remove a

offset (caused perhaps by a hardware problem in the recording chain) from the audio. The effect of a

offset is reduced headroom and hence volume. The astats filter can be used to determine if a signal has a

offset.

shift: Set the
DC
shift, allowed range is [-1, 1]. It indicates the amount to shift the audio.
limitergain: Optional. It should have a value much less than 1 (e.g. 0.05 or 0.02) and is used to prevent clipping.

dynaudnorm

Dynamic Audio Normalizer.

This filter applies a certain amount of gain to the input audio in order to bring its peak magnitude to a target level (e.g. 0 dBFS). However, in contrast to more ``simple'' normalization algorithms, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer *dynamically* re-adjusts the gain factor to the input audio. This allows for applying extra gain to the ``quiet'' sections of the audio while avoiding distortions or clipping the ``loud'' sections. In other words: The Dynamic Audio Normalizer will ``even out'' the volume of quiet and loud sections, in the sense that the volume of each section is brought to the same target level. Note, however, that the Dynamic Audio Normalizer achieves this goal *without* applying ``dynamic range compressing''. It will retain 100% of the dynamic range *within* each section of the audio file.

f: Set the frame length in milliseconds. In range from 10 to 8000 milliseconds. Default is 500 milliseconds. The Dynamic Audio Normalizer processes the input audio in small chunks, referred to as frames. This is required, because a peak magnitude has no meaning for just a single sample value. Instead, we need to determine the peak magnitude for a contiguous sequence of sample values. While a ``standard'' normalizer would simply use the peak magnitude of the complete file, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer determines the peak magnitude individually for each frame. The length of a frame is specified in milliseconds. By default, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer uses a frame length of 500 milliseconds, which has been found to give good results with most files. Note that the exact frame length, in number of samples, will be determined automatically, based on the sampling rate of the individual input audio file.
g: Set the Gaussian filter window size. In range from 3 to 301, must be odd number. Default is 31. Probably the most important parameter of the Dynamic Audio Normalizer is the "window size" of the Gaussian smoothing filter. The filter's window size is specified in frames, centered around the current frame. For the sake of simplicity, this must be an odd number. Consequently, the default value of 31 takes into account the current frame, as well as the 15 preceding frames and the 15 subsequent frames. Using a larger window results in a stronger smoothing effect and thus in less gain variation, i.e. slower gain adaptation. Conversely, using a smaller window results in a weaker smoothing effect and thus in more gain variation, i.e. faster gain adaptation. In other words, the more you increase this value, the more the Dynamic Audio Normalizer will behave like a ``traditional'' normalization filter. On the contrary, the more you decrease this value, the more the Dynamic Audio Normalizer will behave like a dynamic range compressor.
p: Set the target peak value. This specifies the highest permissible magnitude level for the normalized audio input. This filter will try to approach the target peak magnitude as closely as possible, but at the same time it also makes sure that the normalized signal will never exceed the peak magnitude. A frame's maximum local gain factor is imposed directly by the target peak magnitude. The default value is 0.95 and thus leaves a headroom of 5%*. It is not recommended to go above this value.
m: Set the maximum gain factor. In range from 1.0 to 100.0. Default is 10.0. The Dynamic Audio Normalizer determines the maximum possible (local) gain factor for each input frame, i.e. the maximum gain factor that does not result in clipping or distortion. The maximum gain factor is determined by the frame's highest magnitude sample. However, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer additionally bounds the frame's maximum gain factor by a predetermined (global) maximum gain factor. This is done in order to avoid excessive gain factors in ``silent'' or almost silent frames. By default, the maximum gain factor is 10.0, For most inputs the default value should be sufficient and it usually is not recommended to increase this value. Though, for input with an extremely low overall volume level, it may be necessary to allow even higher gain factors. Note, however, that the Dynamic Audio Normalizer does not simply apply a ``hard'' threshold (i.e. cut off values above the threshold). Instead, a ``sigmoid'' threshold function will be applied. This way, the gain factors will smoothly approach the threshold value, but never exceed that value.
r: Set the target
RMS.
In range from 0.0 to 1.0. Default is 0.0 - disabled. By default, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer performs ``peak'' normalization. This means that the maximum local gain factor for each frame is defined (only) by the frame's highest magnitude sample. This way, the samples can be amplified as much as possible without exceeding the maximum signal level, i.e. without clipping. Optionally, however, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer can also take into account the frame's root mean square, abbreviated
RMS.
In electrical engineering, the
RMS
is commonly used to determine the power of a time-varying signal. It is therefore considered that the
RMS
is a better approximation of the ``perceived loudness'' than just looking at the signal's peak magnitude. Consequently, by adjusting all frames to a constant
RMS
value, a uniform ``perceived loudness'' can be established. If a target
RMS
value has been specified, a frame's local gain factor is defined as the factor that would result in exactly that
RMS
value. Note, however, that the maximum local gain factor is still restricted by the frame's highest magnitude sample, in order to prevent clipping.
n: Enable channels coupling. By default is enabled. By default, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer will amplify all channels by the same amount. This means the same gain factor will be applied to all channels, i.e. the maximum possible gain factor is determined by the ``loudest'' channel. However, in some recordings, it may happen that the volume of the different channels is uneven, e.g. one channel may be ``quieter'' than the other one(s). In this case, this option can be used to disable the channel coupling. This way, the gain factor will be determined independently for each channel, depending only on the individual channel's highest magnitude sample. This allows for harmonizing the volume of the different channels.
c: Enable
DC
bias correction. By default is disabled. An audio signal (in the time domain) is a sequence of sample values. In the Dynamic Audio Normalizer these sample values are represented in the -1.0 to 1.0 range, regardless of the original input format. Normally, the audio signal, or ``waveform'', should be centered around the zero point. That means if we calculate the mean value of all samples in a file, or in a single frame, then the result should be 0.0 or at least very close to that value. If, however, there is a significant deviation of the mean value from 0.0, in either positive or negative direction, this is referred to as a
DC
bias or
DC
offset. Since a
DC
bias is clearly undesirable, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer provides optional
DC
bias correction. With
DC
bias correction enabled, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer will determine the mean value, or ``
DC
correction'' offset, of each input frame and subtract that value from all of the frame's sample values which ensures those samples are centered around 0.0 again. Also, in order to avoid ``gaps'' at the frame boundaries, the
DC
correction offset values will be interpolated smoothly between neighbouring frames.
b: Enable alternative boundary mode. By default is disabled. The Dynamic Audio Normalizer takes into account a certain neighbourhood around each frame. This includes the preceding frames as well as the subsequent frames. However, for the ``boundary'' frames, located at the very beginning and at the very end of the audio file, not all neighbouring frames are available. In particular, for the first few frames in the audio file, the preceding frames are not known. And, similarly, for the last few frames in the audio file, the subsequent frames are not known. Thus, the question arises which gain factors should be assumed for the missing frames in the ``boundary'' region. The Dynamic Audio Normalizer implements two modes to deal with this situation. The default boundary mode assumes a gain factor of exactly 1.0 for the missing frames, resulting in a smooth ``fade in'' and ``fade out'' at the beginning and at the end of the input, respectively.
s: Set the compress factor. In range from 0.0 to 30.0. Default is 0.0. By default, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer does not apply ``traditional'' compression. This means that signal peaks will not be pruned and thus the full dynamic range will be retained within each local neighbourhood. However, in some cases it may be desirable to combine the Dynamic Audio Normalizer's normalization algorithm with a more ``traditional'' compression. For this purpose, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer provides an optional compression (thresholding) function. If (and only if) the compression feature is enabled, all input frames will be processed by a soft knee thresholding function prior to the actual normalization process. Put simply, the thresholding function is going to prune all samples whose magnitude exceeds a certain threshold value. However, the Dynamic Audio Normalizer does not simply apply a fixed threshold value. Instead, the threshold value will be adjusted for each individual frame. In general, smaller parameters result in stronger compression, and vice versa. Values below 3.0 are not recommended, because audible distortion may appear.

earwax

Make audio easier to listen to on headphones.

This filter adds `cues' to 44.1kHz stereo (i.e. audio

format) audio so that when listened to on headphones the stereo image is moved from inside your head (standard for headphones) to outside and in front of the listener (standard for speakers).

Ported from SoX.

equalizer

Apply a two-pole peaking equalisation (

) filter. With this filter, the signal-level at and around a selected frequency can be increased or decreased, whilst (unlike bandpass and bandreject filters) that at all other frequencies is unchanged.

In order to produce complex equalisation curves, this filter can be given several times, each with a different central frequency.

The filter accepts the following options:

frequency, f

Set the filter's central frequency in Hz.

width_type

Set method to specify band-width of filter.

h: Hz
q: Q-Factor
o: octave
s: slope

width, w

Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units.

gain, g

Set the required gain or attenuation in dB. Beware of clipping when using a positive gain.

Examples

*

Attenuate 10 dB at 1000 Hz, with a bandwidth of 200 Hz:

        equalizer=f=1000:width_type=h:width=200:g=-10

*

Apply 2 dB gain at 1000 Hz with Q 1 and attenuate 5 dB at 100 Hz with Q 2:

        equalizer=f=1000:width_type=q:width=1:g=2,equalizer=f=100:width_type=q:width=2:g=-5

flanger

Apply a flanging effect to the audio.

The filter accepts the following options:

delay: Set base delay in milliseconds. Range from 0 to 30. Default value is 0.
depth: Set added swep delay in milliseconds. Range from 0 to 10. Default value is 2.
regen: Set percentage regeneration (delayed signal feedback). Range from -95 to 95. Default value is 0.
width: Set percentage of delayed signal mixed with original. Range from 0 to 100. Default value is 71.
speed: Set sweeps per second (Hz). Range from 0.1 to 10. Default value is 0.5.
shape: Set swept wave shape, can be triangular or sinusoidal. Default value is sinusoidal.
phase: Set swept wave percentage-shift for multi channel. Range from 0 to 100. Default value is 25.
interp: Set delay-line interpolation, linear or quadratic. Default is linear.

highpass

Apply a high-pass filter with 3dB point frequency. The filter can be either single-pole, or double-pole (the default). The filter roll off at 6dB per pole per octave (20dB per pole per decade).

The filter accepts the following options:

frequency, f

Set frequency in Hz. Default is 3000.

poles, p

Set number of poles. Default is 2.

width_type

Set method to specify band-width of filter.

h: Hz
q: Q-Factor
o: octave
s: slope

width, w

Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units. Applies only to double-pole filter. The default is 0.707q and gives a Butterworth response.

join

Join multiple input streams into one multi-channel stream.

It accepts the following parameters:

inputs: The number of input streams. It defaults to 2.
channel_layout: The desired output channel layout. It defaults to stereo.
map: Map channels from inputs to output. The argument is a '|'-separated list of mappings, each in the "input_idx.in_channel-out_channel" form. input_idx is the 0-based index of the input stream. in_channel can be either the name of the input channel (e.g.
FL
for front left) or its index in the specified input stream. out_channel is the name of the output channel.

The filter will attempt to guess the mappings when they are not specified explicitly. It does so by first trying to find an unused matching input channel and if that fails it picks the first unused input channel.

Join 3 inputs (with properly set channel layouts):

        ffmpeg -i INPUT1 -i INPUT2 -i INPUT3 -filter_complex join=inputs=3 OUTPUT

Build a 5.1 output from 6 single-channel streams:

        ffmpeg -i fl -i fr -i fc -i sl -i sr -i lfe -filter_complex
        'join=inputs=6:channel_layout=5.1:map=0.0-FL|1.0-FR|2.0-FC|3.0-SL|4.0-SR|5.0-LFE'
        out

ladspa

Load a

LADSPA

(Linux Audio Developer's Simple Plugin

API

) plugin.

To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with "--enable-ladspa".

file, f: Specifies the name of
LADSPA
plugin library to load. If the environment variable
LADSPA_PATH
is defined, the
LADSPA
plugin is searched in each one of the directories specified by the colon separated list in
LADSPA_PATH
, otherwise in the standard
LADSPA
paths, which are in this order:
HOME/
.ladspa/lib/, /usr/local/lib/ladspa/, /usr/lib/ladspa/.
plugin, p: Specifies the plugin within the library. Some libraries contain only one plugin, but others contain many of them. If this is not set filter will list all available plugins within the specified library.
controls, c: Set the '|' separated list of controls which are zero or more floating point values that determine the behavior of the loaded plugin (for example delay, threshold or gain). Controls need to be defined using the following syntax: c0=value0|c1=value1|c2=value2|..., where valuei is the value set on the i-th control. If controls is set to "help", all available controls and their valid ranges are printed.
sample_rate, s: Specify the sample rate, default to 44100. Only used if plugin have zero inputs.
nb_samples, n: Set the number of samples per channel per each output frame, default is 1024. Only used if plugin have zero inputs.
duration, d: Set the minimum duration of the sourced audio. See the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual for the accepted syntax. Note that the resulting duration may be greater than the specified duration, as the generated audio is always cut at the end of a complete frame. If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the audio is supposed to be generated forever. Only used if plugin have zero inputs.

Examples

*

List all available plugins within amp (

LADSPA

example plugin) library:

        ladspa=file=amp

*

List all available controls and their valid ranges for "vcf_notch" plugin from "VCF" library:

        ladspa=f=vcf:p=vcf_notch:c=help

*

Simulate low quality audio equipment using "Computer Music Toolkit" (

CMT

) plugin library:

        ladspa=file=cmt:plugin=lofi:controls=c0=22|c1=12|c2=12

*

Add reverberation to the audio using TAP-plugins (Tom's Audio Processing plugins):

        ladspa=file=tap_reverb:tap_reverb

*

Generate white noise, with 0.2 amplitude:

        ladspa=file=cmt:noise_source_white:c=c0=.2

*

Generate 20 bpm clicks using plugin "C* Click - Metronome" from the "C* Audio Plugin Suite" (

CAPS

) library:

        ladspa=file=caps:Click:c=c1=20'

*

Apply "C* Eq10X2 - Stereo 10-band equaliser" effect:

        ladspa=caps:Eq10X2:c=c0=-48|c9=-24|c3=12|c4=2

Commands

This filter supports the following commands:

cN: Modify the N-th control value.
If the specified value is not valid, it is ignored and prior one is kept.

lowpass

Apply a low-pass filter with 3dB point frequency. The filter can be either single-pole or double-pole (the default). The filter roll off at 6dB per pole per octave (20dB per pole per decade).

The filter accepts the following options:

frequency, f

Set frequency in Hz. Default is 500.

poles, p

Set number of poles. Default is 2.

width_type

Set method to specify band-width of filter.

h: Hz
q: Q-Factor
o: octave
s: slope

width, w

Specify the band-width of a filter in width_type units. Applies only to double-pole filter. The default is 0.707q and gives a Butterworth response.

pan

Mix channels with specific gain levels. The filter accepts the output channel layout followed by a set of channels definitions.

This filter is also designed to efficiently remap the channels of an audio stream.

The filter accepts parameters of the form: "l|outdef|outdef|..."

l: output channel layout or number of channels
outdef: output channel specification, of the form: "out_name=[gain*]in_name[+[gain*]in_name...]"
out_name: output channel to define, either a channel name (
FL, FR,
etc.) or a channel number (c0, c1, etc.)
gain: multiplicative coefficient for the channel, 1 leaving the volume unchanged
in_name: input channel to use, see out_name for details; it is not possible to mix named and numbered input channels

If the `=' in a channel specification is replaced by `<', then the gains for that specification will be renormalized so that the total is 1, thus avoiding clipping noise.

Mixing examples

For example, if you want to down-mix from stereo to mono, but with a bigger factor for the left channel:

        pan=1c|c0=0.9*c0+0.1*c1

A customized down-mix to stereo that works automatically for 3-, 4-, 5- and 7-channels surround:

        pan=stereo| FL < FL + 0.5*FC + 0.6*BL + 0.6*SL | FR < FR + 0.5*FC + 0.6*BR + 0.6*SR

Note that ffmpeg integrates a default down-mix (and up-mix) system that should be preferred (see ``-ac'' option) unless you have very specific needs.

Remapping examples

The channel remapping will be effective if, and only if:

*<gain coefficients are zeroes or ones,>
*<only one input per channel output,>

If all these conditions are satisfied, the filter will notify the user (``Pure channel mapping detected''), and use an optimized and lossless method to do the remapping.

For example, if you have a 5.1 source and want a stereo audio stream by dropping the extra channels:

        pan="stereo| c0=FL | c1=FR"

Given the same source, you can also switch front left and front right channels and keep the input channel layout:

        pan="5.1| c0=c1 | c1=c0 | c2=c2 | c3=c3 | c4=c4 | c5=c5"

If the input is a stereo audio stream, you can mute the front left channel (and still keep the stereo channel layout) with:

        pan="stereo|c1=c1"

Still with a stereo audio stream input, you can copy the right channel in both front left and right:

        pan="stereo| c0=FR | c1=FR"

replaygain

ReplayGain scanner filter. This filter takes an audio stream as an input and outputs it unchanged. At end of filtering it displays "track_gain" and "track_peak".

resample

Convert the audio sample format, sample rate and channel layout. It is not meant to be used directly.

sidechaincompress

This filter acts like normal compressor but has the ability to compress detected signal using second input signal. It needs two input streams and returns one output stream. First input stream will be processed depending on second stream signal. The filtered signal then can be filtered with other filters in later stages of processing. See pan and amerge filter.

The filter accepts the following options:

threshold: If a signal of second stream raises above this level it will affect the gain reduction of first stream. By default is 0.125. Range is between 0.00097563 and 1.
ratio: Set a ratio about which the signal is reduced. 1:2 means that if the level raised 4dB above the threshold, it will be only 2dB above after the reduction. Default is 2. Range is between 1 and 20.
attack: Amount of milliseconds the signal has to rise above the threshold before gain reduction starts. Default is 20. Range is between 0.01 and 2000.
release: Amount of milliseconds the signal has to fall below the threshold before reduction is decreased again. Default is 250. Range is between 0.01 and 9000.
makeup: Set the amount by how much signal will be amplified after processing. Default is 2. Range is from 1 and 64.
knee: Curve the sharp knee around the threshold to enter gain reduction more softly. Default is 2.82843. Range is between 1 and 8.
link: Choose if the "average" level between all channels of side-chain stream or the louder("maximum") channel of side-chain stream affects the reduction. Default is "average".
detection: Should the exact signal be taken in case of "peak" or an
RMS
one in case of "rms". Default is "rms" which is mainly smoother.

Examples

*

Full ffmpeg example taking 2 audio inputs, 1st input to be compressed depending on the signal of 2nd input and later compressed signal to be merged with 2nd input:

        ffmpeg -i main.flac -i sidechain.flac -filter_complex "[1:a]asplit=2[sc][mix];[0:a][sc]sidechaincompress[compr];[compr][mix]amerge"

silencedetect

Detect silence in an audio stream.

This filter logs a message when it detects that the input audio volume is less or equal to a noise tolerance value for a duration greater or equal to the minimum detected noise duration.

The printed times and duration are expressed in seconds.

The filter accepts the following options:

duration, d: Set silence duration until notification (default is 2 seconds).
noise, n: Set noise tolerance. Can be specified in dB (in case ``dB'' is appended to the specified value) or amplitude ratio. Default is -60dB, or 0.001.

Examples

*

Detect 5 seconds of silence with -50dB noise tolerance:

        silencedetect=n=-50dB:d=5

*

Complete example with ffmpeg to detect silence with 0.0001 noise tolerance in silence.mp3:

        ffmpeg -i silence.mp3 -af silencedetect=noise=0.0001 -f null -

silenceremove

Remove silence from the beginning, middle or end of the audio.

The filter accepts the following options:

start_periods: This value is used to indicate if audio should be trimmed at beginning of the audio. A value of zero indicates no silence should be trimmed from the beginning. When specifying a non-zero value, it trims audio up until it finds non-silence. Normally, when trimming silence from beginning of audio the start_periods will be 1 but it can be increased to higher values to trim all audio up to specific count of non-silence periods. Default value is 0.
start_duration: Specify the amount of time that non-silence must be detected before it stops trimming audio. By increasing the duration, bursts of noises can be treated as silence and trimmed off. Default value is 0.
start_threshold: This indicates what sample value should be treated as silence. For digital audio, a value of 0 may be fine but for audio recorded from analog, you may wish to increase the value to account for background noise. Can be specified in dB (in case ``dB'' is appended to the specified value) or amplitude ratio. Default value is 0.
stop_periods: Set the count for trimming silence from the end of audio. To remove silence from the middle of a file, specify a stop_periods that is negative. This value is then treated as a positive value and is used to indicate the effect should restart processing as specified by start_periods, making it suitable for removing periods of silence in the middle of the audio. Default value is 0.
stop_duration: Specify a duration of silence that must exist before audio is not copied any more. By specifying a higher duration, silence that is wanted can be left in the audio. Default value is 0.
stop_threshold: This is the same as start_threshold but for trimming silence from the end of audio. Can be specified in dB (in case ``dB'' is appended to the specified value) or amplitude ratio. Default value is 0.
leave_silence: This indicate that stop_duration length of audio should be left intact at the beginning of each period of silence. For example, if you want to remove long pauses between words but do not want to remove the pauses completely. Default value is 0.

Examples

*

The following example shows how this filter can be used to start a recording that does not contain the delay at the start which usually occurs between pressing the record button and the start of the performance:

        silenceremove=1:5:0.02

treble

Boost or cut treble (upper) frequencies of the audio using a two-pole shelving filter with a response similar to that of a standard hi-fi's tone-controls. This is also known as shelving equalisation (

The filter accepts the following options:

gain, g

Give the gain at whichever is the lower of ~22 kHz and the Nyquist frequency. Its useful range is about -20 (for a large cut) to +20 (for a large boost). Beware of clipping when using a positive gain.

frequency, f

Set the filter's central frequency and so can be used to extend or reduce the frequency range to be boosted or cut. The default value is 3000 Hz.

width_type

Set method to specify band-width of filter.

h: Hz
q: Q-Factor
o: octave
s: slope

width, w

Determine how steep is the filter's shelf transition.

volume

Adjust the input audio volume.

It accepts the following parameters:

volume

Set audio volume expression.

Output values are clipped to the maximum value.

The output audio volume is given by the relation:

        <output_volume> = <volume> * <input_volume>

The default value for volume is ``1.0''.

precision

This parameter represents the mathematical precision.

It determines which input sample formats will be allowed, which affects the precision of the volume scaling.

fixed: 8-bit fixed-point; this limits input sample format to U8, S16, and S32.
float: 32-bit floating-point; this limits input sample format to
FLT.
(default)
double: 64-bit floating-point; this limits input sample format to
DBL.

replaygain

Choose the behaviour on encountering ReplayGain side data in input frames.

drop: Remove ReplayGain side data, ignoring its contents (the default).
ignore: Ignore ReplayGain side data, but leave it in the frame.
track: Prefer the track gain, if present.
album: Prefer the album gain, if present.

replaygain_preamp

Pre-amplification gain in dB to apply to the selected replaygain gain.

Default value for replaygain_preamp is 0.0.

eval

Set when the volume expression is evaluated.

It accepts the following values:

once: only evaluate expression once during the filter initialization, or when the volume command is sent
frame: evaluate expression for each incoming frame

: Default value is once.

The volume expression can contain the following parameters.

n: frame number (starting at zero)
nb_channels: number of channels
nb_consumed_samples: number of samples consumed by the filter
nb_samples: number of samples in the current frame
pos: original frame position in the file
pts: frame
PTS
sample_rate: sample rate
startpts: PTS
at start of stream
startt: time at start of stream
t: frame time
tb: timestamp timebase
volume: last set volume value

Note that when eval is set to once only the sample_rate and tb variables are available, all other variables will evaluate to

NAN.

Commands

This filter supports the following commands:

volume: Modify the volume expression. The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current value.
replaygain_noclip: Prevent clipping by limiting the gain applied.
Default value for replaygain_noclip is 1.

Examples

*

Halve the input audio volume:

        volume=volume=0.5
        volume=volume=1/2
        volume=volume=-6.0206dB

In all the above example the named key for volume can be omitted, for example like in:

        volume=0.5

*

Increase input audio power by 6 decibels using fixed-point precision:

        volume=volume=6dB:precision=fixed

*

Fade volume after time 10 with an annihilation period of 5 seconds:

        volume='if(lt(t,10),1,max(1-(t-10)/5,0))':eval=frame

volumedetect

Detect the volume of the input video.

The filter has no parameters. The input is not modified. Statistics about the volume will be printed in the log when the input stream end is reached.

In particular it will show the mean volume (root mean square), maximum volume (on a per-sample basis), and the beginning of a histogram of the registered volume values (from the maximum value to a cumulated 1/1000 of the samples).

All volumes are in decibels relative to the maximum

PCM

value.

Examples

Here is an excerpt of the output:

        [Parsed_volumedetect_0  0xa23120] mean_volume: -27 dB
        [Parsed_volumedetect_0  0xa23120] max_volume: -4 dB
        [Parsed_volumedetect_0  0xa23120] histogram_4db: 6
        [Parsed_volumedetect_0  0xa23120] histogram_5db: 62
        [Parsed_volumedetect_0  0xa23120] histogram_6db: 286
        [Parsed_volumedetect_0  0xa23120] histogram_7db: 1042
        [Parsed_volumedetect_0  0xa23120] histogram_8db: 2551
        [Parsed_volumedetect_0  0xa23120] histogram_9db: 4609
        [Parsed_volumedetect_0  0xa23120] histogram_10db: 8409

It means that:

*: The mean square energy is approximately -27 dB, or 10^-2.7.
*: The largest sample is at -4 dB, or more precisely between -4 dB and -5 dB.
*: There are 6 samples at -4 dB, 62 at -5 dB, 286 at -6 dB, etc.

In other words, raising the volume by +4 dB does not cause any clipping, raising it by +5 dB causes clipping for 6 samples, etc.

AUDIO SOURCES

Below is a description of the currently available audio sources.

abuffer

Buffer audio frames, and make them available to the filter chain.

This source is mainly intended for a programmatic use, in particular through the interface defined in libavfilter/asrc_abuffer.h.

It accepts the following parameters:

time_base: The timebase which will be used for timestamps of submitted frames. It must be either a floating-point number or in numerator/denominator form.
sample_rate: The sample rate of the incoming audio buffers.
sample_fmt: The sample format of the incoming audio buffers. Either a sample format name or its corresponding integer representation from the enum AVSampleFormat in libavutil/samplefmt.h
channel_layout: The channel layout of the incoming audio buffers. Either a channel layout name from channel_layout_map in libavutil/channel_layout.c or its corresponding integer representation from the AV_CH_LAYOUT_* macros in libavutil/channel_layout.h
channels: The number of channels of the incoming audio buffers. If both channels and channel_layout are specified, then they must be consistent.

Examples

        abuffer=sample_rate=44100:sample_fmt=s16p:channel_layout=stereo

will instruct the source to accept planar 16bit signed stereo at 44100Hz. Since the sample format with name ``s16p'' corresponds to the number 6 and the ``stereo'' channel layout corresponds to the value 0x3, this is equivalent to:

        abuffer=sample_rate=44100:sample_fmt=6:channel_layout=0x3

aevalsrc

Generate an audio signal specified by an expression.

This source accepts in input one or more expressions (one for each channel), which are evaluated and used to generate a corresponding audio signal.

This source accepts the following options:

exprs: Set the '|'-separated expressions list for each separate channel. In case the channel_layout option is not specified, the selected channel layout depends on the number of provided expressions. Otherwise the last specified expression is applied to the remaining output channels.
channel_layout, c: Set the channel layout. The number of channels in the specified layout must be equal to the number of specified expressions.
duration, d: Set the minimum duration of the sourced audio. See the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual for the accepted syntax. Note that the resulting duration may be greater than the specified duration, as the generated audio is always cut at the end of a complete frame.
If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the audio is supposed to be generated forever.
nb_samples, n: Set the number of samples per channel per each output frame, default to 1024.
sample_rate, s: Specify the sample rate, default to 44100.

Each expression in exprs can contain the following constants:

n: number of the evaluated sample, starting from 0
t: time of the evaluated sample expressed in seconds, starting from 0
s: sample rate

Examples

*

Generate silence:

        aevalsrc=0

*

Generate a sin signal with frequency of 440 Hz, set sample rate to 8000 Hz:

        aevalsrc="sin(440*2*PI*t):s=8000"

*

Generate a two channels signal, specify the channel layout (Front Center + Back Center) explicitly:

        aevalsrc="sin(420*2*PI*t)|cos(430*2*PI*t):c=FC|BC"

*

Generate white noise:

        aevalsrc="-2+random(0)"

*

Generate an amplitude modulated signal:

        aevalsrc="sin(10*2*PI*t)*sin(880*2*PI*t)"

*

Generate 2.5 Hz binaural beats on a 360 Hz carrier:

        aevalsrc="0.1*sin(2*PI*(360-2.5/2)*t) | 0.1*sin(2*PI*(360+2.5/2)*t)"

anullsrc

The null audio source, return unprocessed audio frames. It is mainly useful as a template and to be employed in analysis / debugging tools, or as the source for filters which ignore the input data (for example the sox synth filter).

This source accepts the following options:

channel_layout, cl: Specifies the channel layout, and can be either an integer or a string representing a channel layout. The default value of channel_layout is ``stereo''.
Check the channel_layout_map definition in libavutil/channel_layout.c for the mapping between strings and channel layout values.
sample_rate, r: Specifies the sample rate, and defaults to 44100.
nb_samples, n: Set the number of samples per requested frames.

Examples

*

Set the sample rate to 48000 Hz and the channel layout to

AV_CH_LAYOUT_MONO.

        anullsrc=r=48000:cl=4

*

Do the same operation with a more obvious syntax:

        anullsrc=r=48000:cl=mono

All the parameters need to be explicitly defined.

flite

Synthesize a voice utterance using the libflite library.

To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with "--enable-libflite".

Note that the flite library is not thread-safe.

The filter accepts the following options:

list_voices: If set to 1, list the names of the available voices and exit immediately. Default value is 0.
nb_samples, n: Set the maximum number of samples per frame. Default value is 512.
textfile: Set the filename containing the text to speak.
text: Set the text to speak.
voice, v: Set the voice to use for the speech synthesis. Default value is "kal". See also the list_voices option.

Examples

*

Read from file speech.txt, and synthesize the text using the standard flite voice:

        flite=textfile=speech.txt

*

Read the specified text selecting the "slt" voice:

        flite=text='So fare thee well, poor devil of a Sub-Sub, whose commentator I am':voice=slt

*

Input text to ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -f lavfi -i flite=text='So fare thee well, poor devil of a Sub-Sub, whose commentator I am':voice=slt

*

Make ffplay speak the specified text, using "flite" and the "lavfi" device:

        ffplay -f lavfi flite=text='No more be grieved for which that thou hast done.'

For more information about libflite, check: <www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/flite>

sine

Generate an audio signal made of a sine wave with amplitude 1/8.

The audio signal is bit-exact.

The filter accepts the following options:

frequency, f: Set the carrier frequency. Default is 440 Hz.
beep_factor, b: Enable a periodic beep every second with frequency beep_factor times the carrier frequency. Default is 0, meaning the beep is disabled.
sample_rate, r: Specify the sample rate, default is 44100.
duration, d: Specify the duration of the generated audio stream.
samples_per_frame: Set the number of samples per output frame, default is 1024.

Examples

*

Generate a simple 440 Hz sine wave:

        sine

*

Generate a 220 Hz sine wave with a 880 Hz beep each second, for 5 seconds:

        sine=220:4:d=5
        sine=f=220:b=4:d=5
        sine=frequency=220:beep_factor=4:duration=5

AUDIO SINKS

Below is a description of the currently available audio sinks.

abuffersink

Buffer audio frames, and make them available to the end of filter chain.

This sink is mainly intended for programmatic use, in particular through the interface defined in libavfilter/buffersink.h or the options system.

It accepts a pointer to an AVABufferSinkContext structure, which defines the incoming buffers' formats, to be passed as the opaque parameter to "avfilter_init_filter" for initialization.

anullsink

Null audio sink; do absolutely nothing with the input audio. It is mainly useful as a template and for use in analysis / debugging tools.

VIDEO FILTERS

When you configure your FFmpeg build, you can disable any of the existing filters using "--disable-filters". The configure output will show the video filters included in your build.

Below is a description of the currently available video filters.

alphaextract

Extract the alpha component from the input as a grayscale video. This is especially useful with the alphamerge filter.

alphamerge

Add or replace the alpha component of the primary input with the grayscale value of a second input. This is intended for use with alphaextract to allow the transmission or storage of frame sequences that have alpha in a format that doesn't support an alpha channel.

For example, to reconstruct full frames from a normal YUV-encoded video and a separate video created with alphaextract, you might use:

        movie=in_alpha.mkv [alpha]; [in][alpha] alphamerge [out]

Since this filter is designed for reconstruction, it operates on frame sequences without considering timestamps, and terminates when either input reaches end of stream. This will cause problems if your encoding pipeline drops frames. If you're trying to apply an image as an overlay to a video stream, consider the overlay filter instead.

ass

Same as the subtitles filter, except that it doesn't require libavcodec and libavformat to work. On the other hand, it is limited to

ASS

(Advanced Substation Alpha) subtitles files.

This filter accepts the following option in addition to the common options from the subtitles filter:

shaping

Set the shaping engine

Available values are:

auto: The default libass shaping engine, which is the best available.
simple: Fast, font-agnostic shaper that can do only substitutions
complex: Slower shaper using OpenType for substitutions and positioning

: The default is "auto".

atadenoise

Apply an Adaptive Temporal Averaging Denoiser to the video input.

The filter accepts the following options:

0a: Set threshold A for 1st plane. Default is 0.02. Valid range is 0 to 0.3.
0b: Set threshold B for 1st plane. Default is 0.04. Valid range is 0 to 5.
1a: Set threshold A for 2nd plane. Default is 0.02. Valid range is 0 to 0.3.
1b: Set threshold B for 2nd plane. Default is 0.04. Valid range is 0 to 5.
2a: Set threshold A for 3rd plane. Default is 0.02. Valid range is 0 to 0.3.
2b: Set threshold B for 3rd plane. Default is 0.04. Valid range is 0 to 5.
Threshold A is designed to react on abrupt changes in the input signal and threshold B is designed to react on continuous changes in the input signal.
s: Set number of frames filter will use for averaging. Default is 33. Must be odd number in range [5, 129].

bbox

Compute the bounding box for the non-black pixels in the input frame luminance plane.

This filter computes the bounding box containing all the pixels with a luminance value greater than the minimum allowed value. The parameters describing the bounding box are printed on the filter log.

The filter accepts the following option:

min_val: Set the minimal luminance value. Default is 16.

blackdetect

Detect video intervals that are (almost) completely black. Can be useful to detect chapter transitions, commercials, or invalid recordings. Output lines contains the time for the start, end and duration of the detected black interval expressed in seconds.

In order to display the output lines, you need to set the loglevel at least to the

AV_LOG_INFO

value.

The filter accepts the following options:

black_min_duration, d

Set the minimum detected black duration expressed in seconds. It must be a non-negative floating point number.

Default value is 2.0.

picture_black_ratio_th, pic_th

Set the threshold for considering a picture ``black''. Express the minimum value for the ratio:

        <nb_black_pixels> / <nb_pixels>

for which a picture is considered black. Default value is 0.98.

pixel_black_th, pix_th

Set the threshold for considering a pixel ``black''.

The threshold expresses the maximum pixel luminance value for which a pixel is considered ``black''. The provided value is scaled according to the following equation:

        <absolute_threshold> = <luminance_minimum_value> + <pixel_black_th> * <luminance_range_size>

luminance_range_size and luminance_minimum_value depend on the input video format, the range is [0-255] for

YUV

full-range formats and [16-235] for

YUV

non full-range formats.

Default value is 0.10.

The following example sets the maximum pixel threshold to the minimum value, and detects only black intervals of 2 or more seconds:

        blackdetect=d=2:pix_th=0.00

blackframe

Detect frames that are (almost) completely black. Can be useful to detect chapter transitions or commercials. Output lines consist of the frame number of the detected frame, the percentage of blackness, the position in the file if known or -1 and the timestamp in seconds.

In order to display the output lines, you need to set the loglevel at least to the

AV_LOG_INFO

value.

It accepts the following parameters:

amount: The percentage of the pixels that have to be below the threshold; it defaults to 98.
threshold, thresh: The threshold below which a pixel value is considered black; it defaults to 32.

blend, tblend

Blend two video frames into each other.

The "blend" filter takes two input streams and outputs one stream, the first input is the ``top'' layer and second input is ``bottom'' layer. Output terminates when shortest input terminates.

The "tblend" (time blend) filter takes two consecutive frames from one single stream, and outputs the result obtained by blending the new frame on top of the old frame.

A description of the accepted options follows.

c0_mode

c1_mode

c2_mode

c3_mode

all_mode

Set blend mode for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case of all_mode. Default value is "normal".

Available values for component modes are:

addition
and
average
burn
darken
difference
difference128
divide
dodge
exclusion
glow
hardlight
hardmix
lighten
linearlight
multiply
negation
normal
or
overlay
phoenix
pinlight
reflect
screen
softlight
subtract
vividlight
xor

c0_opacity

c1_opacity

c2_opacity

c3_opacity

all_opacity

Set blend opacity for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case of all_opacity. Only used in combination with pixel component blend modes.

c0_expr

c1_expr

c2_expr

c3_expr

all_expr

Set blend expression for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case of all_expr. Note that related mode options will be ignored if those are set.

The expressions can use the following variables:

N: The sequential number of the filtered frame, starting from 0.
X
Y: the coordinates of the current sample
W
H: the width and height of currently filtered plane
SW
SH: Width and height scale depending on the currently filtered plane. It is the ratio between the corresponding luma plane number of pixels and the current plane ones. E.g. for
YUV4:2:0
the values are "1,1" for the luma plane, and "0.5,0.5" for chroma planes.
T: Time of the current frame, expressed in seconds.
TOP, A: Value of pixel component at current location for first video frame (top layer).
BOTTOM, B: Value of pixel component at current location for second video frame (bottom layer).

shortest

Force termination when the shortest input terminates. Default is 0. This option is only defined for the "blend" filter.

repeatlast

Continue applying the last bottom frame after the end of the stream. A value of 0 disable the filter after the last frame of the bottom layer is reached. Default is 1. This option is only defined for the "blend" filter.

Examples

*

Apply transition from bottom layer to top layer in first 10 seconds:

        blend=all_expr='A*(if(gte(T,10),1,T/10))+B*(1-(if(gte(T,10),1,T/10)))'

*

Apply 1x1 checkerboard effect:

        blend=all_expr='if(eq(mod(X,2),mod(Y,2)),A,B)'

*

Apply uncover left effect:

        blend=all_expr='if(gte(N*SW+X,W),A,B)'

*

Apply uncover down effect:

        blend=all_expr='if(gte(Y-N*SH,0),A,B)'

*

Apply uncover up-left effect:

        blend=all_expr='if(gte(T*SH*40+Y,H)*gte((T*40*SW+X)*W/H,W),A,B)'

*

Display differences between the current and the previous frame:

        tblend=all_mode=difference128

boxblur

Apply a boxblur algorithm to the input video.

It accepts the following parameters:

luma_radius, lr
luma_power, lp
chroma_radius, cr
chroma_power, cp
alpha_radius, ar
alpha_power, ap

A description of the accepted options follows.

luma_radius, lr

chroma_radius, cr

alpha_radius, ar

Set an expression for the box radius in pixels used for blurring the corresponding input plane.

The radius value must be a non-negative number, and must not be greater than the value of the expression "min(w,h)/2" for the luma and alpha planes, and of "min(cw,ch)/2" for the chroma planes.

Default value for luma_radius is ``2''. If not specified, chroma_radius and alpha_radius default to the corresponding value set for luma_radius.

The expressions can contain the following constants:

w
h: The input width and height in pixels.
cw
ch: The input chroma image width and height in pixels.
hsub
vsub: The horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example, for the pixel format ``yuv422p'', hsub is 2 and vsub is 1.

luma_power, lp

chroma_power, cp

alpha_power, ap

Specify how many times the boxblur filter is applied to the corresponding plane.

Default value for luma_power is 2. If not specified, chroma_power and alpha_power default to the corresponding value set for luma_power.

A value of 0 will disable the effect.

Examples

*

Apply a boxblur filter with the luma, chroma, and alpha radii set to 2:

        boxblur=luma_radius=2:luma_power=1
        boxblur=2:1

*

Set the luma radius to 2, and alpha and chroma radius to 0:

        boxblur=2:1:cr=0:ar=0

*

Set the luma and chroma radii to a fraction of the video dimension:

        boxblur=luma_radius=min(h\,w)/10:luma_power=1:chroma_radius=min(cw\,ch)/10:chroma_power=1

codecview

Visualize information exported by some codecs.

Some codecs can export information through frames using side-data or other means. For example, some

MPEG

based codecs export motion vectors through the export_mvs flag in the codec flags2 option.

The filter accepts the following option:

mv

Set motion vectors to visualize.

Available flags for mv are:

pf: forward predicted MVs of P-frames
bf: forward predicted MVs of B-frames
bb: backward predicted MVs of B-frames

Examples

*

Visualizes multi-directionals MVs from P and B-Frames using ffplay:

        ffplay -flags2 +export_mvs input.mpg -vf codecview=mv=pf+bf+bb

colorbalance

Modify intensity of primary colors (red, green and blue) of input frames.

The filter allows an input frame to be adjusted in the shadows, midtones or highlights regions for the red-cyan, green-magenta or blue-yellow balance.

A positive adjustment value shifts the balance towards the primary color, a negative value towards the complementary color.

The filter accepts the following options:

rs
gs
bs: Adjust red, green and blue shadows (darkest pixels).
rm
gm
bm: Adjust red, green and blue midtones (medium pixels).
rh
gh
bh: Adjust red, green and blue highlights (brightest pixels).
Allowed ranges for options are "[-1.0, 1.0]". Defaults are 0.

Examples

*

Add red color cast to shadows:

        colorbalance=rs=.3

colorkey

RGB

colorspace color keying.

The filter accepts the following options:

color

The color which will be replaced with transparency.

similarity

Similarity percentage with the key color.

0.01 matches only the exact key color, while 1.0 matches everything.

blend

Blend percentage.

0.0 makes pixels either fully transparent, or not transparent at all.

Higher values result in semi-transparent pixels, with a higher transparency the more similar the pixels color is to the key color.

Examples

*

Make every green pixel in the input image transparent:

        ffmpeg -i input.png -vf colorkey=green out.png

*

Overlay a greenscreen-video on top of a static background image.

        ffmpeg -i background.png -i video.mp4 -filter_complex "[1:v]colorkey=0x3BBD1E:0.3:0.2[ckout];[0:v][ckout]overlay[out]" -map "[out]" output.flv

colorlevels

Adjust video input frames using levels.

The filter accepts the following options:

rimin
gimin
bimin
aimin: Adjust red, green, blue and alpha input black point. Allowed ranges for options are "[-1.0, 1.0]". Defaults are 0.
rimax
gimax
bimax
aimax: Adjust red, green, blue and alpha input white point. Allowed ranges for options are "[-1.0, 1.0]". Defaults are 1.
Input levels are used to lighten highlights (bright tones), darken shadows (dark tones), change the balance of bright and dark tones.
romin
gomin
bomin
aomin: Adjust red, green, blue and alpha output black point. Allowed ranges for options are "[0, 1.0]". Defaults are 0.
romax
gomax
bomax
aomax: Adjust red, green, blue and alpha output white point. Allowed ranges for options are "[0, 1.0]". Defaults are 1.
Output levels allows manual selection of a constrained output level range.

Examples

*

Make video output darker:

        colorlevels=rimin=0.058:gimin=0.058:bimin=0.058

*

Increase contrast:

        colorlevels=rimin=0.039:gimin=0.039:bimin=0.039:rimax=0.96:gimax=0.96:bimax=0.96

*

Make video output lighter:

        colorlevels=rimax=0.902:gimax=0.902:bimax=0.902

*

Increase brightness:

        colorlevels=romin=0.5:gomin=0.5:bomin=0.5

colorchannelmixer

Adjust video input frames by re-mixing color channels.

This filter modifies a color channel by adding the values associated to the other channels of the same pixels. For example if the value to modify is red, the output value will be:

        <red>=<red>*<rr> + <blue>*<rb> + <green>*<rg> + <alpha>*<ra>

The filter accepts the following options:

rr
rg
rb
ra: Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output red channel. Default is 1 for rr, and 0 for rg, rb and ra.
gr
gg
gb
ga: Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output green channel. Default is 1 for gg, and 0 for gr, gb and ga.
br
bg
bb
ba: Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output blue channel. Default is 1 for bb, and 0 for br, bg and ba.
ar
ag
ab
aa: Adjust contribution of input red, green, blue and alpha channels for output alpha channel. Default is 1 for aa, and 0 for ar, ag and ab.
Allowed ranges for options are "[-2.0, 2.0]".

Examples

*

Convert source to grayscale:

        colorchannelmixer=.3:.4:.3:0:.3:.4:.3:0:.3:.4:.3

*

Simulate sepia tones:

        colorchannelmixer=.393:.769:.189:0:.349:.686:.168:0:.272:.534:.131

colormatrix

Convert color matrix.

The filter accepts the following options:

src

dst

Specify the source and destination color matrix. Both values must be specified.

The accepted values are:

bt709: BT.709
bt601: BT.601
smpte240m: SMPTE-240M
fcc: FCC

For example to convert from

BT.601

SMPTE-240M,

use the command:

        colormatrix=bt601:smpte240m

copy

Copy the input source unchanged to the output. This is mainly useful for testing purposes.

crop

Crop the input video to given dimensions.

It accepts the following parameters:

w, out_w: The width of the output video. It defaults to "iw". This expression is evaluated only once during the filter configuration, or when the w or out_w command is sent.
h, out_h: The height of the output video. It defaults to "ih". This expression is evaluated only once during the filter configuration, or when the h or out_h command is sent.
x: The horizontal position, in the input video, of the left edge of the output video. It defaults to "(in_w-out_w)/2". This expression is evaluated per-frame.
y: The vertical position, in the input video, of the top edge of the output video. It defaults to "(in_h-out_h)/2". This expression is evaluated per-frame.
keep_aspect: If set to 1 will force the output display aspect ratio to be the same of the input, by changing the output sample aspect ratio. It defaults to 0.

The out_w, out_h, x, y parameters are expressions containing the following constants:

x
y: The computed values for x and y. They are evaluated for each new frame.
in_w
in_h: The input width and height.
iw
ih: These are the same as in_w and in_h.
out_w
out_h: The output (cropped) width and height.
ow
oh: These are the same as out_w and out_h.
a: same as iw / ih
sar: input sample aspect ratio
dar: input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (iw / ih) * sar
hsub
vsub: horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the pixel format ``yuv422p'' hsub is 2 and vsub is 1.
n: The number of the input frame, starting from 0.
pos: the position in the file of the input frame,
NAN
if unknown
t: The timestamp expressed in seconds. It's
NAN
if the input timestamp is unknown.

The expression for out_w may depend on the value of out_h, and the expression for out_h may depend on out_w, but they cannot depend on x and y, as x and y are evaluated after out_w and out_h.

The x and y parameters specify the expressions for the position of the top-left corner of the output (non-cropped) area. They are evaluated for each frame. If the evaluated value is not valid, it is approximated to the nearest valid value.

The expression for x may depend on y, and the expression for y may depend on x.

Examples

*

Crop area with size 100x100 at position (12,34).

        crop=100:100:12:34

Using named options, the example above becomes:

        crop=w=100:h=100:x=12:y=34

*

Crop the central input area with size 100x100:

        crop=100:100

*

Crop the central input area with size 2/3 of the input video:

        crop=2/3*in_w:2/3*in_h

*

Crop the input video central square:

        crop=out_w=in_h
        crop=in_h

*

Delimit the rectangle with the top-left corner placed at position 100:100 and the right-bottom corner corresponding to the right-bottom corner of the input image.

        crop=in_w-100:in_h-100:100:100

*

Crop 10 pixels from the left and right borders, and 20 pixels from the top and bottom borders

        crop=in_w-2*10:in_h-2*20

*

Keep only the bottom right quarter of the input image:

        crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:in_w/2:in_h/2

*

Crop height for getting Greek harmony:

        crop=in_w:1/PHI*in_w

*

Apply trembling effect:

        crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:(in_w-out_w)/2+((in_w-out_w)/2)*sin(n/10):(in_h-out_h)/2 +((in_h-out_h)/2)*sin(n/7)

*

Apply erratic camera effect depending on timestamp:

        crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:(in_w-out_w)/2+((in_w-out_w)/2)*sin(t*10):(in_h-out_h)/2 +((in_h-out_h)/2)*sin(t*13)"

*

Set x depending on the value of y:

        crop=in_w/2:in_h/2:y:10+10*sin(n/10)

Commands

This filter supports the following commands:

w, out_w
h, out_h
x
y: Set width/height of the output video and the horizontal/vertical position in the input video. The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current value.

cropdetect

Auto-detect the crop size.

It calculates the necessary cropping parameters and prints the recommended parameters via the logging system. The detected dimensions correspond to the non-black area of the input video.

It accepts the following parameters:

limit: Set higher black value threshold, which can be optionally specified from nothing (0) to everything (255 for 8bit based formats). An intensity value greater to the set value is considered non-black. It defaults to 24. You can also specify a value between 0.0 and 1.0 which will be scaled depending on the bitdepth of the pixel format.
round: The value which the width/height should be divisible by. It defaults to 16. The offset is automatically adjusted to center the video. Use 2 to get only even dimensions (needed for 4:2:2 video). 16 is best when encoding to most video codecs.
reset_count, reset: Set the counter that determines after how many frames cropdetect will reset the previously detected largest video area and start over to detect the current optimal crop area. Default value is 0.
This can be useful when channel logos distort the video area. 0 indicates 'never reset', and returns the largest area encountered during playback.

curves

Apply color adjustments using curves.

This filter is similar to the Adobe Photoshop and

GIMP

curves tools. Each component (red, green and blue) has its values defined by N key points tied from each other using a smooth curve. The x-axis represents the pixel values from the input frame, and the y-axis the new pixel values to be set for the output frame.

By default, a component curve is defined by the two points (0;0) and (1;1). This creates a straight line where each original pixel value is ``adjusted'' to its own value, which means no change to the image.

The filter allows you to redefine these two points and add some more. A new curve (using a natural cubic spline interpolation) will be define to pass smoothly through all these new coordinates. The new defined points needs to be strictly increasing over the x-axis, and their x and y values must be in the [0;1] interval. If the computed curves happened to go outside the vector spaces, the values will be clipped accordingly.

If there is no key point defined in "x=0", the filter will automatically insert a (0;0) point. In the same way, if there is no key point defined in "x=1", the filter will automatically insert a (1;1) point.

The filter accepts the following options:

preset

Select one of the available color presets. This option can be used in addition to the r, g, b parameters; in this case, the later options takes priority on the preset values. Available presets are:

none
color_negative
cross_process
darker
increase_contrast
lighter
linear_contrast
medium_contrast
negative
strong_contrast
vintage

: Default is "none".

master, m

Set the master key points. These points will define a second pass mapping. It is sometimes called a ``luminance'' or ``value'' mapping. It can be used with r, g, b or all since it acts like a post-processing

LUT.

red, r

Set the key points for the red component.

green, g

Set the key points for the green component.

blue, b

Set the key points for the blue component.

all

Set the key points for all components (not including master). Can be used in addition to the other key points component options. In this case, the unset component(s) will fallback on this all setting.

psfile

Specify a Photoshop curves file (".asv") to import the settings from.

To avoid some filtergraph syntax conflicts, each key points list need to be defined using the following syntax: "x0/y0 x1/y1 x2/y2 ...".

Examples

*

Increase slightly the middle level of blue:

        curves=blue='0.5/0.58'

*

Vintage effect:

        curves=r='0/0.11 .42/.51 1/0.95':g='0.50/0.48':b='0/0.22 .49/.44 1/0.8'

Here we obtain the following coordinates for each components:

red: "(0;0.11) (0.42;0.51) (1;0.95)"
green: "(0;0) (0.50;0.48) (1;1)"
blue: "(0;0.22) (0.49;0.44) (1;0.80)"

*

The previous example can also be achieved with the associated built-in preset:

        curves=preset=vintage

*

Or simply:

        curves=vintage

*

Use a Photoshop preset and redefine the points of the green component:

        curves=psfile='MyCurvesPresets/purple.asv':green='0.45/0.53'

dctdnoiz

Denoise frames using 2D

DCT

(frequency domain filtering).

This filter is not designed for real time.

The filter accepts the following options:

sigma, s

Set the noise sigma constant.

This sigma defines a hard threshold of "3 * sigma"; every

DCT

coefficient (absolute value) below this threshold with be dropped.

If you need a more advanced filtering, see expr.

Default is 0.

overlap

Set number overlapping pixels for each block. Since the filter can be slow, you may want to reduce this value, at the cost of a less effective filter and the risk of various artefacts.

If the overlapping value doesn't permit processing the whole input width or height, a warning will be displayed and according borders won't be denoised.

Default value is blocksize-1, which is the best possible setting.

expr, e

Set the coefficient factor expression.

For each coefficient of a

DCT

block, this expression will be evaluated as a multiplier value for the coefficient.

If this is option is set, the sigma option will be ignored.

The absolute value of the coefficient can be accessed through the c variable.

n

Set the blocksize using the number of bits. "1<<n" defines the blocksize, which is the width and height of the processed blocks.

The default value is 3 (8x8) and can be raised to 4 for a blocksize of 16x16. Note that changing this setting has huge consequences on the speed processing. Also, a larger block size does not necessarily means a better de-noising.

Examples

Apply a denoise with a sigma of 4.5:

        dctdnoiz=4.5

The same operation can be achieved using the expression system:

        dctdnoiz=e='gte(c, 4.5*3)'

Violent denoise using a block size of "16x16":

        dctdnoiz=15:n=4

deband

Remove banding artifacts from input video. It works by replacing banded pixels with average value of referenced pixels.

The filter accepts the following options:

1thr
2thr
3thr
4thr: Set banding detection threshold for each plane. Default is 0.02. Valid range is 0.00003 to 0.5. If difference between current pixel and reference pixel is less than threshold, it will be considered as banded.
range, r: Banding detection range in pixels. Default is 16. If positive, random number in range 0 to set value will be used. If negative, exact absolute value will be used. The range defines square of four pixels around current pixel.
direction, d: Set direction in radians from which four pixel will be compared. If positive, random direction from 0 to set direction will be picked. If negative, exact of absolute value will be picked. For example direction 0, -PI or -2*PI radians will pick only pixels on same row and -PI/2 will pick only pixels on same column.
blur: If enabled, current pixel is compared with average value of all four surrounding pixels. The default is enabled. If disabled current pixel is compared with all four surrounding pixels. The pixel is considered banded if only all four differences with surrounding pixels are less than threshold.

decimate

Drop duplicated frames at regular intervals.

The filter accepts the following options:

cycle: Set the number of frames from which one will be dropped. Setting this to N means one frame in every batch of N frames will be dropped. Default is 5.
dupthresh: Set the threshold for duplicate detection. If the difference metric for a frame is less than or equal to this value, then it is declared as duplicate. Default is 1.1
scthresh: Set scene change threshold. Default is 15.
blockx
blocky: Set the size of the x and y-axis blocks used during metric calculations. Larger blocks give better noise suppression, but also give worse detection of small movements. Must be a power of two. Default is 32.
ppsrc: Mark main input as a pre-processed input and activate clean source input stream. This allows the input to be pre-processed with various filters to help the metrics calculation while keeping the frame selection lossless. When set to 1, the first stream is for the pre-processed input, and the second stream is the clean source from where the kept frames are chosen. Default is 0.
chroma: Set whether or not chroma is considered in the metric calculations. Default is 1.

deflate

Apply deflate effect to the video.

This filter replaces the pixel by the local(3x3) average by taking into account only values lower than the pixel.

It accepts the following options:

threshold0
threshold1
threshold2
threshold3: Limit the maximum change for each plane, default is 65535. If 0, plane will remain unchanged.

dejudder

Remove judder produced by partially interlaced telecined content.

Judder can be introduced, for instance, by pullup filter. If the original source was partially telecined content then the output of "pullup,dejudder" will have a variable frame rate. May change the recorded frame rate of the container. Aside from that change, this filter will not affect constant frame rate video.

The option available in this filter is:

cycle

Specify the length of the window over which the judder repeats.

Accepts any integer greater than 1. Useful values are:

4: If the original was telecined from 24 to 30 fps (Film to
NTSC
).
5: If the original was telecined from 25 to 30 fps (
PAL
to
NTSC
).
20: If a mixture of the two.

: The default is 4.

delogo

Suppress a

station logo by a simple interpolation of the surrounding pixels. Just set a rectangle covering the logo and watch it disappear (and sometimes something even uglier appear - your mileage may vary).

It accepts the following parameters:

x
y: Specify the top left corner coordinates of the logo. They must be specified.
w
h: Specify the width and height of the logo to clear. They must be specified.
band, t: Specify the thickness of the fuzzy edge of the rectangle (added to w and h). The default value is 4.
show: When set to 1, a green rectangle is drawn on the screen to simplify finding the right x, y, w, and h parameters. The default value is 0.
The rectangle is drawn on the outermost pixels which will be (partly) replaced with interpolated values. The values of the next pixels immediately outside this rectangle in each direction will be used to compute the interpolated pixel values inside the rectangle.

Examples

*

Set a rectangle covering the area with top left corner coordinates 0,0 and size 100x77, and a band of size 10:

        delogo=x=0:y=0:w=100:h=77:band=10

deshake

Attempt to fix small changes in horizontal and/or vertical shift. This filter helps remove camera shake from hand-holding a camera, bumping a tripod, moving on a vehicle, etc.

The filter accepts the following options:

x

y

w

h

Specify a rectangular area where to limit the search for motion vectors. If desired the search for motion vectors can be limited to a rectangular area of the frame defined by its top left corner, width and height. These parameters have the same meaning as the drawbox filter which can be used to visualise the position of the bounding box.

This is useful when simultaneous movement of subjects within the frame might be confused for camera motion by the motion vector search.

If any or all of x, y, w and h are set to -1 then the full frame is used. This allows later options to be set without specifying the bounding box for the motion vector search.

Default - search the whole frame.

rx

ry

Specify the maximum extent of movement in x and y directions in the range 0-64 pixels. Default 16.

edge

Specify how to generate pixels to fill blanks at the edge of the frame. Available values are:

blank, 0: Fill zeroes at blank locations
original, 1: Original image at blank locations
clamp, 2: Extruded edge value at blank locations
mirror, 3: Mirrored edge at blank locations

: Default value is mirror.

blocksize

Specify the blocksize to use for motion search. Range 4-128 pixels, default 8.

contrast

Specify the contrast threshold for blocks. Only blocks with more than the specified contrast (difference between darkest and lightest pixels) will be considered. Range 1-255, default 125.

search

Specify the search strategy. Available values are:

exhaustive, 0: Set exhaustive search
less, 1: Set less exhaustive search.

: Default value is exhaustive.

filename

If set then a detailed log of the motion search is written to the specified file.

opencl

If set to 1, specify using OpenCL capabilities, only available if FFmpeg was configured with "--enable-opencl". Default value is 0.

detelecine

Apply an exact inverse of the telecine operation. It requires a predefined pattern specified using the pattern option which must be the same as that passed to the telecine filter.

This filter accepts the following options:

first_field

top, t: top field first
bottom, b: bottom field first The default value is "top".

pattern

A string of numbers representing the pulldown pattern you wish to apply. The default value is 23.

start_frame

A number representing position of the first frame with respect to the telecine pattern. This is to be used if the stream is cut. The default value is 0.

dilation

Apply dilation effect to the video.

This filter replaces the pixel by the local(3x3) maximum.

It accepts the following options:

threshold0

threshold1

threshold2

threshold3

Limit the maximum change for each plane, default is 65535. If 0, plane will remain unchanged.

coordinates

Flag which specifies the pixel to refer to. Default is 255 i.e. all eight pixels are used.

Flags to local 3x3 coordinates maps like this:

    1 2 3
    4   5
    6 7 8

drawbox

Draw a colored box on the input image.

It accepts the following parameters:

x
y: The expressions which specify the top left corner coordinates of the box. It defaults to 0.
width, w
height, h: The expressions which specify the width and height of the box; if 0 they are interpreted as the input width and height. It defaults to 0.
color, c: Specify the color of the box to write. For the general syntax of this option, check the ``Color'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. If the special value "invert" is used, the box edge color is the same as the video with inverted luma.
thickness, t: The expression which sets the thickness of the box edge. Default value is 3.
See below for the list of accepted constants.

The parameters for x, y, w and h and t are expressions containing the following constants:

dar: The input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (w / h) * sar.
hsub
vsub: horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the pixel format ``yuv422p'' hsub is 2 and vsub is 1.
in_h, ih
in_w, iw: The input width and height.
sar: The input sample aspect ratio.
x
y: The x and y offset coordinates where the box is drawn.
w
h: The width and height of the drawn box.
t: The thickness of the drawn box.
These constants allow the x, y, w, h and t expressions to refer to each other, so you may for example specify "y=x/dar" or "h=w/dar".

Examples

*

Draw a black box around the edge of the input image:

        drawbox

*

Draw a box with color red and an opacity of 50%:

        drawbox=10:20:200:60:red@0.5

The previous example can be specified as:

        drawbox=x=10:y=20:w=200:h=60:color=red@0.5

*

Fill the box with pink color:

        drawbox=x=10:y=10:w=100:h=100:color=pink@0.5:t=max

*

Draw a 2-pixel red 2.40:1 mask:

        drawbox=x=-t:y=0.5*(ih-iw/2.4)-t:w=iw+t*2:h=iw/2.4+t*2:t=2:c=red

drawgraph, adrawgraph

Draw a graph using input video or audio metadata.

It accepts the following parameters:

m1

Set 1st frame metadata key from which metadata values will be used to draw a graph.

fg1

Set 1st foreground color expression.

m2

Set 2nd frame metadata key from which metadata values will be used to draw a graph.

fg2

Set 2nd foreground color expression.

m3

Set 3rd frame metadata key from which metadata values will be used to draw a graph.

fg3

Set 3rd foreground color expression.

m4

Set 4th frame metadata key from which metadata values will be used to draw a graph.

fg4

Set 4th foreground color expression.

min

Set minimal value of metadata value.

max

Set maximal value of metadata value.

bg

Set graph background color. Default is white.

mode

Set graph mode.

Available values for mode is:

bar
dot
line

: Default is "line".

slide

Set slide mode.

Available values for slide is:

frame: Draw new frame when right border is reached.
replace: Replace old columns with new ones.
scroll: Scroll from right to left.
rscroll: Scroll from left to right.

: Default is "frame".

size

Set size of graph video. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. The default value is "900x256".

The foreground color expressions can use the following variables:

MIN: Minimal value of metadata value.
MAX: Maximal value of metadata value.
VAL: Current metadata key value.

: The color is defined as 0xAABBGGRR.

Example using metadata from signalstats filter:

        signalstats,drawgraph=lavfi.signalstats.YAVG:min=0:max=255

Example using metadata from ebur128 filter:

        ebur128=metadata=1,adrawgraph=lavfi.r128.M:min=-120:max=5

drawgrid

Draw a grid on the input image.

It accepts the following parameters:

x
y: The expressions which specify the coordinates of some point of grid intersection (meant to configure offset). Both default to 0.
width, w
height, h: The expressions which specify the width and height of the grid cell, if 0 they are interpreted as the input width and height, respectively, minus "thickness", so image gets framed. Default to 0.
color, c: Specify the color of the grid. For the general syntax of this option, check the ``Color'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. If the special value "invert" is used, the grid color is the same as the video with inverted luma.
thickness, t: The expression which sets the thickness of the grid line. Default value is 1.
See below for the list of accepted constants.

The parameters for x, y, w and h and t are expressions containing the following constants:

dar: The input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (w / h) * sar.
hsub
vsub: horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the pixel format ``yuv422p'' hsub is 2 and vsub is 1.
in_h, ih
in_w, iw: The input grid cell width and height.
sar: The input sample aspect ratio.
x
y: The x and y coordinates of some point of grid intersection (meant to configure offset).
w
h: The width and height of the drawn cell.
t: The thickness of the drawn cell.
These constants allow the x, y, w, h and t expressions to refer to each other, so you may for example specify "y=x/dar" or "h=w/dar".

Examples

*

Draw a grid with cell 100x100 pixels, thickness 2 pixels, with color red and an opacity of 50%:

        drawgrid=width=100:height=100:thickness=2:color=red@0.5

*

Draw a white 3x3 grid with an opacity of 50%:

        drawgrid=w=iw/3:h=ih/3:t=2:c=white@0.5

drawtext

Draw a text string or text from a specified file on top of a video, using the libfreetype library.

To enable compilation of this filter, you need to configure FFmpeg with "--enable-libfreetype". To enable default font fallback and the font option you need to configure FFmpeg with "--enable-libfontconfig". To enable the text_shaping option, you need to configure FFmpeg with "--enable-libfribidi".

Syntax

It accepts the following parameters:

box

Used to draw a box around text using the background color. The value must be either 1 (enable) or 0 (disable). The default value of box is 0.

boxborderw

Set the width of the border to be drawn around the box using boxcolor. The default value of boxborderw is 0.

boxcolor

The color to be used for drawing box around text. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Color'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.

The default value of boxcolor is ``white''.

borderw

Set the width of the border to be drawn around the text using bordercolor. The default value of borderw is 0.

bordercolor

Set the color to be used for drawing border around text. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Color'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.

The default value of bordercolor is ``black''.

expansion

Select how the text is expanded. Can be either "none", "strftime" (deprecated) or "normal" (default). See the drawtext_expansion, Text expansion section below for details.

fix_bounds

If true, check and fix text coords to avoid clipping.

fontcolor

The color to be used for drawing fonts. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Color'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.

The default value of fontcolor is ``black''.

fontcolor_expr

String which is expanded the same way as text to obtain dynamic fontcolor value. By default this option has empty value and is not processed. When this option is set, it overrides fontcolor option.

font

The font family to be used for drawing text. By default Sans.

fontfile

The font file to be used for drawing text. The path must be included. This parameter is mandatory if the fontconfig support is disabled.

draw

This option does not exist, please see the timeline system

alpha

Draw the text applying alpha blending. The value can be either a number between 0.0 and 1.0 The expression accepts the same variables x, y do. The default value is 1. Please see fontcolor_expr

fontsize

The font size to be used for drawing text. The default value of fontsize is 16.

text_shaping

If set to 1, attempt to shape the text (for example, reverse the order of right-to-left text and join Arabic characters) before drawing it. Otherwise, just draw the text exactly as given. By default 1 (if supported).

ft_load_flags

The flags to be used for loading the fonts.

The flags map the corresponding flags supported by libfreetype, and are a combination of the following values:

default
no_scale
no_hinting
render
no_bitmap
vertical_layout
force_autohint
crop_bitmap
pedantic
ignore_global_advance_width
no_recurse
ignore_transform
monochrome
linear_design
no_autohint

Default value is ``default''.

For more information consult the documentation for the FT_LOAD_* libfreetype flags.

shadowcolor

The color to be used for drawing a shadow behind the drawn text. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Color'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.

The default value of shadowcolor is ``black''.

shadowx

shadowy

The x and y offsets for the text shadow position with respect to the position of the text. They can be either positive or negative values. The default value for both is ``0''.

start_number

The starting frame number for the n/frame_num variable. The default value is ``0''.

tabsize

The size in number of spaces to use for rendering the tab. Default value is 4.

timecode

Set the initial timecode representation in ``hh:mm:ss[:;.]ff'' format. It can be used with or without text parameter. timecode_rate option must be specified.

timecode_rate, rate, r

Set the timecode frame rate (timecode only).

text

The text string to be drawn. The text must be a sequence of

UTF-8

encoded characters. This parameter is mandatory if no file is specified with the parameter textfile.

textfile

A text file containing text to be drawn. The text must be a sequence of

UTF-8

encoded characters.

This parameter is mandatory if no text string is specified with the parameter text.

If both text and textfile are specified, an error is thrown.

reload

If set to 1, the textfile will be reloaded before each frame. Be sure to update it atomically, or it may be read partially, or even fail.

x

y

The expressions which specify the offsets where text will be drawn within the video frame. They are relative to the top/left border of the output image.

The default value of x and y is ``0''.

See below for the list of accepted constants and functions.

The parameters for x and y are expressions containing the following constants and functions:

dar: input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (w / h) * sar
hsub
vsub: horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the pixel format ``yuv422p'' hsub is 2 and vsub is 1.
line_h, lh: the height of each text line
main_h, h, H: the input height
main_w, w, W: the input width
max_glyph_a, ascent: the maximum distance from the baseline to the highest/upper grid coordinate used to place a glyph outline point, for all the rendered glyphs. It is a positive value, due to the grid's orientation with the Y axis upwards.
max_glyph_d, descent: the maximum distance from the baseline to the lowest grid coordinate used to place a glyph outline point, for all the rendered glyphs. This is a negative value, due to the grid's orientation, with the Y axis upwards.
max_glyph_h: maximum glyph height, that is the maximum height for all the glyphs contained in the rendered text, it is equivalent to ascent - descent.
max_glyph_w: maximum glyph width, that is the maximum width for all the glyphs contained in the rendered text
n: the number of input frame, starting from 0
rand(min, max): return a random number included between min and max
sar: The input sample aspect ratio.
t: timestamp expressed in seconds,
NAN
if the input timestamp is unknown
text_h, th: the height of the rendered text
text_w, tw: the width of the rendered text
x
y: the x and y offset coordinates where the text is drawn.
These parameters allow the x and y expressions to refer each other, so you can for example specify "y=x/dar".

Text expansion

If expansion is set to "strftime", the filter recognizes strftime() sequences in the provided text and expands them accordingly. Check the documentation of strftime(). This feature is deprecated.

If expansion is set to "none", the text is printed verbatim.

If expansion is set to "normal" (which is the default), the following expansion mechanism is used.

The backslash character \, followed by any character, always expands to the second character.

Sequence of the form "%{...}" are expanded. The text between the braces is a function name, possibly followed by arguments separated by ':'. If the arguments contain special characters or delimiters (':' or '}'), they should be escaped.

Note that they probably must also be escaped as the value for the text option in the filter argument string and as the filter argument in the filtergraph description, and possibly also for the shell, that makes up to four levels of escaping; using a text file avoids these problems.

The following functions are available:

expr, e

The expression evaluation result.

It must take one argument specifying the expression to be evaluated, which accepts the same constants and functions as the x and y values. Note that not all constants should be used, for example the text size is not known when evaluating the expression, so the constants text_w and text_h will have an undefined value.

expr_int_format, eif

Evaluate the expression's value and output as formatted integer.

The first argument is the expression to be evaluated, just as for the expr function. The second argument specifies the output format. Allowed values are x, X, d and u. They are treated exactly as in the "printf" function. The third parameter is optional and sets the number of positions taken by the output. It can be used to add padding with zeros from the left.

gmtime

The time at which the filter is running, expressed in

UTC.

It can accept an argument: a strftime() format string.

localtime

The time at which the filter is running, expressed in the local time zone. It can accept an argument: a strftime() format string.

metadata

Frame metadata. It must take one argument specifying metadata key.

n, frame_num

The frame number, starting from 0.

pict_type

A 1 character description of the current picture type.

pts

The timestamp of the current frame. It can take up to two arguments.

The first argument is the format of the timestamp; it defaults to "flt" for seconds as a decimal number with microsecond accuracy; "hms" stands for a formatted [-]HH:MM:SS.mmm timestamp with millisecond accuracy.

The second argument is an offset added to the timestamp.

Examples

*

Draw ``Test Text'' with font FreeSerif, using the default values for the optional parameters.

        drawtext="fontfile=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSerif.ttf: text='Test Text'"

*

Draw 'Test Text' with font FreeSerif of size 24 at position x=100 and y=50 (counting from the top-left corner of the screen), text is yellow with a red box around it. Both the text and the box have an opacity of 20%.

        drawtext="fontfile=/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont/FreeSerif.ttf: text='Test Text':\
                  x=100: y=50: fontsize=24: fontcolor=yellow@0.2: box=1: boxcolor=red@0.2"

Note that the double quotes are not necessary if spaces are not used within the parameter list.

*

Show the text at the center of the video frame:

        drawtext="fontsize=30:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text='hello world':x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h)/2"

*

Show a text line sliding from right to left in the last row of the video frame. The file

LONG_LINE

is assumed to contain a single line with no newlines.

        drawtext="fontsize=15:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=LONG_LINE:y=h-line_h:x=-50*t"

*

Show the content of file

CREDITS

off the bottom of the frame and scroll up.

        drawtext="fontsize=20:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:textfile=CREDITS:y=h-20*t"

*

Draw a single green letter ``g'', at the center of the input video. The glyph baseline is placed at half screen height.

        drawtext="fontsize=60:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:fontcolor=green:text=g:x=(w-max_glyph_w)/2:y=h/2-ascent"

*

Show text for 1 second every 3 seconds:

        drawtext="fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:fontcolor=white:x=100:y=x/dar:enable=lt(mod(t\,3)\,1):text='blink'"

*

Use fontconfig to set the font. Note that the colons need to be escaped.

        drawtext='fontfile=Linux Libertine O-40\:style=Semibold:text=FFmpeg'

*

Print the date of a real-time encoding (see strftime(3)):

        drawtext='fontfile=FreeSans.ttf:text=%{localtime\:%a %b %d %Y}'

*

Show text fading in and out (appearing/disappearing):

        #!/bin/sh
        DS=1.0 # display start
        DE=10.0 # display end
        FID=1.5 # fade in duration
        FOD=5 # fade out duration
        ffplay -f lavfi "color,drawtext=text=TEST:fontsize=50:fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:fontcolor_expr=ff0000%{eif\\\\: clip(255*(1*between(t\\, $DS + $FID\\, $DE - $FOD) + ((t - $DS)/$FID)*between(t\\, $DS\\, $DS + $FID) + (-(t - $DE)/$FOD)*between(t\\, $DE - $FOD\\, $DE) )\\, 0\\, 255) \\\\: x\\\\: 2 }"

For more information about libfreetype, check: <www.freetype.org>.

For more information about fontconfig, check: <freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html>.

For more information about libfribidi, check: <fribidi.org>.

edgedetect

Detect and draw edges. The filter uses the Canny Edge Detection algorithm.

The filter accepts the following options:

low

high

Set low and high threshold values used by the Canny thresholding algorithm.

The high threshold selects the ``strong'' edge pixels, which are then connected through 8-connectivity with the ``weak'' edge pixels selected by the low threshold.

low and high threshold values must be chosen in the range [0,1], and low should be lesser or equal to high.

Default value for low is "20/255", and default value for high is "50/255".

mode

Define the drawing mode.

wires: Draw white/gray wires on black background.
colormix: Mix the colors to create a paint/cartoon effect.

: Default value is wires.

Examples

*

Standard edge detection with custom values for the hysteresis thresholding:

        edgedetect=low=0.1:high=0.4

*

Painting effect without thresholding:

        edgedetect=mode=colormix:high=0

eq

Set brightness, contrast, saturation and approximate gamma adjustment.

The filter accepts the following options:

contrast

Set the contrast expression. The value must be a float value in range "-2.0" to 2.0. The default value is ``0''.

brightness

Set the brightness expression. The value must be a float value in range "-1.0" to 1.0. The default value is ``0''.

saturation

Set the saturation expression. The value must be a float in range 0.0 to 3.0. The default value is ``1''.

gamma

Set the gamma expression. The value must be a float in range 0.1 to 10.0. The default value is ``1''.

gamma_r

Set the gamma expression for red. The value must be a float in range 0.1 to 10.0. The default value is ``1''.

gamma_g

Set the gamma expression for green. The value must be a float in range 0.1 to 10.0. The default value is ``1''.

gamma_b

Set the gamma expression for blue. The value must be a float in range 0.1 to 10.0. The default value is ``1''.

gamma_weight

Set the gamma weight expression. It can be used to reduce the effect of a high gamma value on bright image areas, e.g. keep them from getting overamplified and just plain white. The value must be a float in range 0.0 to 1.0. A value of 0.0 turns the gamma correction all the way down while 1.0 leaves it at its full strength. Default is ``1''.

eval

Set when the expressions for brightness, contrast, saturation and gamma expressions are evaluated.

It accepts the following values:

init: only evaluate expressions once during the filter initialization or when a command is processed
frame: evaluate expressions for each incoming frame

: Default value is init.

The expressions accept the following parameters:

n: frame count of the input frame starting from 0
pos: byte position of the corresponding packet in the input file,
NAN
if unspecified
r: frame rate of the input video,
NAN
if the input frame rate is unknown
t: timestamp expressed in seconds,
NAN
if the input timestamp is unknown

Commands

The filter supports the following commands:

contrast

Set the contrast expression.

brightness

Set the brightness expression.

saturation

Set the saturation expression.

gamma

Set the gamma expression.

gamma_r

Set the gamma_r expression.

gamma_g

Set gamma_g expression.

gamma_b

Set gamma_b expression.

gamma_weight

Set gamma_weight expression.

The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.

If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current value.

erosion

Apply erosion effect to the video.

This filter replaces the pixel by the local(3x3) minimum.

It accepts the following options:

threshold0

threshold1

threshold2

threshold3

Limit the maximum change for each plane, default is 65535. If 0, plane will remain unchanged.

coordinates

Flag which specifies the pixel to refer to. Default is 255 i.e. all eight pixels are used.

Flags to local 3x3 coordinates maps like this:

    1 2 3
    4   5
    6 7 8

extractplanes

Extract color channel components from input video stream into separate grayscale video streams.

The filter accepts the following option:

planes

Set plane(s) to extract.

Available values for planes are:

y
u
v
a
r
g
b

: Choosing planes not available in the input will result in an error. That means you cannot select "r", "g", "b" planes with "y", "u", "v" planes at same time.

Examples

*

Extract luma, u and v color channel component from input video frame into 3 grayscale outputs:

        ffmpeg -i video.avi -filter_complex 'extractplanes=y+u+v[y][u][v]' -map '[y]' y.avi -map '[u]' u.avi -map '[v]' v.avi

elbg

Apply a posterize effect using the

ELBG

(Enhanced

LBG

) algorithm.

For each input image, the filter will compute the optimal mapping from the input to the output given the codebook length, that is the number of distinct output colors.

This filter accepts the following options.

codebook_length, l: Set codebook length. The value must be a positive integer, and represents the number of distinct output colors. Default value is 256.
nb_steps, n: Set the maximum number of iterations to apply for computing the optimal mapping. The higher the value the better the result and the higher the computation time. Default value is 1.
seed, s: Set a random seed, must be an integer included between 0 and
UINT32_MAX.
If not specified, or if explicitly set to -1, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best effort basis.
pal8: Set pal8 output pixel format. This option does not work with codebook length greater than 256.

fade

Apply a fade-in/out effect to the input video.

It accepts the following parameters:

type, t: The effect type can be either ``in'' for a fade-in, or ``out'' for a fade-out effect. Default is "in".
start_frame, s: Specify the number of the frame to start applying the fade effect at. Default is 0.
nb_frames, n: The number of frames that the fade effect lasts. At the end of the fade-in effect, the output video will have the same intensity as the input video. At the end of the fade-out transition, the output video will be filled with the selected color. Default is 25.
alpha: If set to 1, fade only alpha channel, if one exists on the input. Default value is 0.
start_time, st: Specify the timestamp (in seconds) of the frame to start to apply the fade effect. If both start_frame and start_time are specified, the fade will start at whichever comes last. Default is 0.
duration, d: The number of seconds for which the fade effect has to last. At the end of the fade-in effect the output video will have the same intensity as the input video, at the end of the fade-out transition the output video will be filled with the selected color. If both duration and nb_frames are specified, duration is used. Default is 0 (nb_frames is used by default).
color, c: Specify the color of the fade. Default is ``black''.

Examples

*

Fade in the first 30 frames of video:

        fade=in:0:30

The command above is equivalent to:

        fade=t=in:s=0:n=30

*

Fade out the last 45 frames of a 200-frame video:

        fade=out:155:45
        fade=type=out:start_frame=155:nb_frames=45

*

Fade in the first 25 frames and fade out the last 25 frames of a 1000-frame video:

        fade=in:0:25, fade=out:975:25

*

Make the first 5 frames yellow, then fade in from frame 5-24:

        fade=in:5:20:color=yellow

*

Fade in alpha over first 25 frames of video:

        fade=in:0:25:alpha=1

*

Make the first 5.5 seconds black, then fade in for 0.5 seconds:

        fade=t=in:st=5.5:d=0.5

fftfilt

Apply arbitrary expressions to samples in frequency domain

dc_Y: Adjust the dc value (gain) of the luma plane of the image. The filter accepts an integer value in range 0 to 1000. The default value is set to 0.
dc_U: Adjust the dc value (gain) of the 1st chroma plane of the image. The filter accepts an integer value in range 0 to 1000. The default value is set to 0.
dc_V: Adjust the dc value (gain) of the 2nd chroma plane of the image. The filter accepts an integer value in range 0 to 1000. The default value is set to 0.
weight_Y: Set the frequency domain weight expression for the luma plane.
weight_U: Set the frequency domain weight expression for the 1st chroma plane.
weight_V: Set the frequency domain weight expression for the 2nd chroma plane.
The filter accepts the following variables:
X
Y: The coordinates of the current sample.
W
H: The width and height of the image.

Examples

*

High-pass:

        fftfilt=dc_Y=128:weight_Y='squish(1-(Y+X)/100)'

*

Low-pass:

        fftfilt=dc_Y=0:weight_Y='squish((Y+X)/100-1)'

*

Sharpen:

        fftfilt=dc_Y=0:weight_Y='1+squish(1-(Y+X)/100)'

field

Extract a single field from an interlaced image using stride arithmetic to avoid wasting

CPU

time. The output frames are marked as non-interlaced.

The filter accepts the following options:

type: Specify whether to extract the top (if the value is 0 or "top") or the bottom field (if the value is 1 or "bottom").

fieldmatch

Field matching filter for inverse telecine. It is meant to reconstruct the progressive frames from a telecined stream. The filter does not drop duplicated frames, so to achieve a complete inverse telecine "fieldmatch" needs to be followed by a decimation filter such as decimate in the filtergraph.

The separation of the field matching and the decimation is notably motivated by the possibility of inserting a de-interlacing filter fallback between the two. If the source has mixed telecined and real interlaced content, "fieldmatch" will not be able to match fields for the interlaced parts. But these remaining combed frames will be marked as interlaced, and thus can be de-interlaced by a later filter such as yadif before decimation.

In addition to the various configuration options, "fieldmatch" can take an optional second stream, activated through the ppsrc option. If enabled, the frames reconstruction will be based on the fields and frames from this second stream. This allows the first input to be pre-processed in order to help the various algorithms of the filter, while keeping the output lossless (assuming the fields are matched properly). Typically, a field-aware denoiser, or brightness/contrast adjustments can help.

Note that this filter uses the same algorithms as

TIVTC/TFM

(AviSynth project) and

VIVTC/VFM

(VapourSynth project). The later is a light clone of

TFM

from which "fieldmatch" is based on. While the semantic and usage are very close, some behaviour and options names can differ.

The decimate filter currently only works for constant frame rate input. If your input has mixed telecined (30fps) and progressive content with a lower framerate like 24fps use the following filterchain to produce the necessary cfr stream: "dejudder,fps=30000/1001,fieldmatch,decimate".

The filter accepts the following options:

order

Specify the assumed field order of the input stream. Available values are:

auto: Auto detect parity (use FFmpeg's internal parity value).
bff: Assume bottom field first.
tff: Assume top field first.

Note that it is sometimes recommended not to trust the parity announced by the stream.

Default value is auto.

mode

Set the matching mode or strategy to use. pc mode is the safest in the sense that it won't risk creating jerkiness due to duplicate frames when possible, but if there are bad edits or blended fields it will end up outputting combed frames when a good match might actually exist. On the other hand, pcn_ub mode is the most risky in terms of creating jerkiness, but will almost always find a good frame if there is one. The other values are all somewhere in between pc and pcn_ub in terms of risking jerkiness and creating duplicate frames versus finding good matches in sections with bad edits, orphaned fields, blended fields, etc.

More details about p/c/n/u/b are available in p/c/n/u/b meaning section.

Available values are:

pc: 2-way matching (p/c)
pc_n: 2-way matching, and trying 3rd match if still combed (p/c + n)
pc_u: 2-way matching, and trying 3rd match (same order) if still combed (p/c + u)
pc_n_ub: 2-way matching, trying 3rd match if still combed, and trying 4th/5th matches if still combed (p/c + n + u/b)
pcn: 3-way matching (p/c/n)
pcn_ub: 3-way matching, and trying 4th/5th matches if all 3 of the original matches are detected as combed (p/c/n + u/b)

The parenthesis at the end indicate the matches that would be used for that mode assuming order=tff (and field on auto or top).

In terms of speed pc mode is by far the fastest and pcn_ub is the slowest.

Default value is pc_n.

ppsrc

Mark the main input stream as a pre-processed input, and enable the secondary input stream as the clean source to pick the fields from. See the filter introduction for more details. It is similar to the clip2 feature from

VFM/TFM.

Default value is 0 (disabled).

field

Set the field to match from. It is recommended to set this to the same value as order unless you experience matching failures with that setting. In certain circumstances changing the field that is used to match from can have a large impact on matching performance. Available values are:

auto: Automatic (same value as order).
bottom: Match from the bottom field.
top: Match from the top field.

: Default value is auto.

mchroma

Set whether or not chroma is included during the match comparisons. In most cases it is recommended to leave this enabled. You should set this to 0 only if your clip has bad chroma problems such as heavy rainbowing or other artifacts. Setting this to 0 could also be used to speed things up at the cost of some accuracy.

Default value is 1.

y0

y1

These define an exclusion band which excludes the lines between y0 and y1 from being included in the field matching decision. An exclusion band can be used to ignore subtitles, a logo, or other things that may interfere with the matching. y0 sets the starting scan line and y1 sets the ending line; all lines in between y0 and y1 (including y0 and y1) will be ignored. Setting y0 and y1 to the same value will disable the feature. y0 and y1 defaults to 0.

scthresh

Set the scene change detection threshold as a percentage of maximum change on the luma plane. Good values are in the "[8.0, 14.0]" range. Scene change detection is only relevant in case combmatch=sc. The range for scthresh is "[0.0, 100.0]".

Default value is 12.0.

combmatch

When combatch is not none, "fieldmatch" will take into account the combed scores of matches when deciding what match to use as the final match. Available values are:

none: No final matching based on combed scores.
sc: Combed scores are only used when a scene change is detected.
full: Use combed scores all the time.

: Default is sc.

combdbg

Force "fieldmatch" to calculate the combed metrics for certain matches and print them. This setting is known as micout in

TFM/VFM

vocabulary. Available values are:

none: No forced calculation.
pcn: Force p/c/n calculations.
pcnub: Force p/c/n/u/b calculations.

: Default value is none.

cthresh

This is the area combing threshold used for combed frame detection. This essentially controls how ``strong'' or ``visible'' combing must be to be detected. Larger values mean combing must be more visible and smaller values mean combing can be less visible or strong and still be detected. Valid settings are from "-1" (every pixel will be detected as combed) to 255 (no pixel will be detected as combed). This is basically a pixel difference value. A good range is "[8, 12]".

Default value is 9.

chroma

Sets whether or not chroma is considered in the combed frame decision. Only disable this if your source has chroma problems (rainbowing, etc.) that are causing problems for the combed frame detection with chroma enabled. Actually, using chroma=0 is usually more reliable, except for the case where there is chroma only combing in the source.

Default value is 0.

blockx

blocky

Respectively set the x-axis and y-axis size of the window used during combed frame detection. This has to do with the size of the area in which combpel pixels are required to be detected as combed for a frame to be declared combed. See the combpel parameter description for more info. Possible values are any number that is a power of 2 starting at 4 and going up to 512.

Default value is 16.

combpel

The number of combed pixels inside any of the blocky by blockx size blocks on the frame for the frame to be detected as combed. While cthresh controls how ``visible'' the combing must be, this setting controls ``how much'' combing there must be in any localized area (a window defined by the blockx and blocky settings) on the frame. Minimum value is 0 and maximum is "blocky x blockx" (at which point no frames will ever be detected as combed). This setting is known as

TFM/VFM

vocabulary.

Default value is 80.

p/c/n/u/b meaning

p/c/n

We assume the following telecined stream:

        Top fields:     1 2 2 3 4
        Bottom fields:  1 2 3 4 4

The numbers correspond to the progressive frame the fields relate to. Here, the first two frames are progressive, the 3rd and 4th are combed, and so on.

When "fieldmatch" is configured to run a matching from bottom (field=bottom) this is how this input stream get transformed:

        Input stream:
                        T     1 2 2 3 4
                        B     1 2 3 4 4   <-- matching reference
        
        Matches:              c c n n c
        
        Output stream:
                        T     1 2 3 4 4
                        B     1 2 3 4 4

As a result of the field matching, we can see that some frames get duplicated. To perform a complete inverse telecine, you need to rely on a decimation filter after this operation. See for instance the decimate filter.

The same operation now matching from top fields (field=top) looks like this:

        Input stream:
                        T     1 2 2 3 4   <-- matching reference
                        B     1 2 3 4 4
        
        Matches:              c c p p c
        
        Output stream:
                        T     1 2 2 3 4
                        B     1 2 2 3 4

In these examples, we can see what p, c and n mean; basically, they refer to the frame and field of the opposite parity:

*<p matches the field of the opposite parity in the previous frame>
*<c matches the field of the opposite parity in the current frame>
*<n matches the field of the opposite parity in the next frame>

u/b

The u and b matching are a bit special in the sense that they match from the opposite parity flag. In the following examples, we assume that we are currently matching the 2nd frame (Top:2, bottom:2). According to the match, a 'x' is placed above and below each matched fields.

With bottom matching (field=bottom):

        Match:           c         p           n          b          u
        
                         x       x               x        x          x
          Top          1 2 2     1 2 2       1 2 2      1 2 2      1 2 2
          Bottom       1 2 3     1 2 3       1 2 3      1 2 3      1 2 3
                         x         x           x        x              x
        
        Output frames:
                         2          1          2          2          2
                         2          2          2          1          3

With top matching (field=top):

        Match:           c         p           n          b          u
        
                         x         x           x        x              x
          Top          1 2 2     1 2 2       1 2 2      1 2 2      1 2 2
          Bottom       1 2 3     1 2 3       1 2 3      1 2 3      1 2 3
                         x       x               x        x          x
        
        Output frames:
                         2          2          2          1          2
                         2          1          3          2          2

Examples

Simple

IVTC

of a top field first telecined stream:

        fieldmatch=order=tff:combmatch=none, decimate

Advanced

IVTC,

with fallback on yadif for still combed frames:

        fieldmatch=order=tff:combmatch=full, yadif=deint=interlaced, decimate

fieldorder

Transform the field order of the input video.

It accepts the following parameters:

order: The output field order. Valid values are tff for top field first or bff for bottom field first.

The default value is tff.

The transformation is done by shifting the picture content up or down by one line, and filling the remaining line with appropriate picture content. This method is consistent with most broadcast field order converters.

If the input video is not flagged as being interlaced, or it is already flagged as being of the required output field order, then this filter does not alter the incoming video.

It is very useful when converting to or from

PAL DV

material, which is bottom field first.

For example:

        ffmpeg -i in.vob -vf "fieldorder=bff" out.dv

fifo

Buffer input images and send them when they are requested.

It is mainly useful when auto-inserted by the libavfilter framework.

It does not take parameters.

find_rect

Find a rectangular object

It accepts the following options:

object: Filepath of the object image, needs to be in gray8.
threshold: Detection threshold, default is 0.5.
mipmaps: Number of mipmaps, default is 3.
xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax: Specifies the rectangle in which to search.

Examples

*

Generate a representative palette of a given video using ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i file.ts -vf find_rect=newref.pgm,cover_rect=cover.jpg:mode=cover new.mkv

cover_rect

Cover a rectangular object

It accepts the following options:

cover

Filepath of the optional cover image, needs to be in yuv420.

mode

Set covering mode.

It accepts the following values:

cover: cover it by the supplied image
blur: cover it by interpolating the surrounding pixels

: Default value is blur.

Examples

*

Generate a representative palette of a given video using ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i file.ts -vf find_rect=newref.pgm,cover_rect=cover.jpg:mode=cover new.mkv

format

Convert the input video to one of the specified pixel formats. Libavfilter will try to pick one that is suitable as input to the next filter.

It accepts the following parameters:

pix_fmts: A '|'-separated list of pixel format names, such as ``pix_fmts=yuv420p|monow|rgb24''.

Examples

*

Convert the input video to the yuv420p format

        format=pix_fmts=yuv420p

Convert the input video to any of the formats in the list

        format=pix_fmts=yuv420p|yuv444p|yuv410p

fps

Convert the video to specified constant frame rate by duplicating or dropping frames as necessary.

It accepts the following parameters:

fps

The desired output frame rate. The default is 25.

round

Rounding method.

Possible values are:

zero: zero round towards 0
inf: round away from 0
down: round towards -infinity
up: round towards +infinity
near: round to nearest

: The default is "near".

start_time

Assume the first

PTS

should be the given value, in seconds. This allows for padding/trimming at the start of stream. By default, no assumption is made about the first frame's expected

PTS,

so no padding or trimming is done. For example, this could be set to 0 to pad the beginning with duplicates of the first frame if a video stream starts after the audio stream or to trim any frames with a negative

PTS.

Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string: fps[:round].

framepack

Pack two different video streams into a stereoscopic video, setting proper metadata on supported codecs. The two views should have the same size and framerate and processing will stop when the shorter video ends. Please note that you may conveniently adjust view properties with the scale and fps filters.

It accepts the following parameters:

format

The desired packing format. Supported values are:

sbs: The views are next to each other (default).
tab: The views are on top of each other.
lines: The views are packed by line.
columns: The views are packed by column.
frameseq: The views are temporally interleaved.

Some examples:

        # Convert left and right views into a frame-sequential video
        ffmpeg -i LEFT -i RIGHT -filter_complex framepack=frameseq OUTPUT
        
        # Convert views into a side-by-side video with the same output resolution as the input
        ffmpeg -i LEFT -i RIGHT -filter_complex [0:v]scale=w=iw/2[left],[1:v]scale=w=iw/2[right],[left][right]framepack=sbs OUTPUT

framerate

Change the frame rate by interpolating new video output frames from the source frames.

This filter is not designed to function correctly with interlaced media. If you wish to change the frame rate of interlaced media then you are required to deinterlace before this filter and re-interlace after this filter.

A description of the accepted options follows.

fps

Specify the output frames per second. This option can also be specified as a value alone. The default is 50.

interp_start

Specify the start of a range where the output frame will be created as a linear interpolation of two frames. The range is [0-255], the default is 15.

interp_end

Specify the end of a range where the output frame will be created as a linear interpolation of two frames. The range is [0-255], the default is 240.

scene

Specify the level at which a scene change is detected as a value between 0 and 100 to indicate a new scene; a low value reflects a low probability for the current frame to introduce a new scene, while a higher value means the current frame is more likely to be one. The default is 7.

flags

Specify flags influencing the filter process.

Available value for flags is:

scene_change_detect, scd: Enable scene change detection using the value of the option scene. This flag is enabled by default.

framestep

Select one frame every N-th frame.

This filter accepts the following option:

step: Select frame after every "step" frames. Allowed values are positive integers higher than 0. Default value is 1.

frei0r

Apply a frei0r effect to the input video.

To enable the compilation of this filter, you need to install the frei0r header and configure FFmpeg with "--enable-frei0r".

It accepts the following parameters:

filter_name: The name of the frei0r effect to load. If the environment variable
FREI0R_PATH
is defined, the frei0r effect is searched for in each of the directories specified by the colon-separated list in
FREIOR_PATH
. Otherwise, the standard frei0r paths are searched, in this order:
HOME/
.frei0r-1/lib/, /usr/local/lib/frei0r-1/, /usr/lib/frei0r-1/.
filter_params: A '|'-separated list of parameters to pass to the frei0r effect.

A frei0r effect parameter can be a boolean (its value is either ``y'' or ``n''), a double, a color (specified as R/G/B, where R, G, and B are floating point numbers between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive) or by a color description specified in the ``Color'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual), a position (specified as X/Y, where X and Y are floating point numbers) and/or a string.

The number and types of parameters depend on the loaded effect. If an effect parameter is not specified, the default value is set.

Examples

*

Apply the distort0r effect, setting the first two double parameters:

        frei0r=filter_name=distort0r:filter_params=0.5|0.01

*

Apply the colordistance effect, taking a color as the first parameter:

        frei0r=colordistance:0.2/0.3/0.4
        frei0r=colordistance:violet
        frei0r=colordistance:0x112233

*

Apply the perspective effect, specifying the top left and top right image positions:

        frei0r=perspective:0.2/0.2|0.8/0.2

For more information, see <frei0r.dyne.org>

fspp

Apply fast and simple postprocessing. It is a faster version of spp.

It splits (I)DCT into horizontal/vertical passes. Unlike the simple post- processing filter, one of them is performed once per block, not per pixel. This allows for much higher speed.

The filter accepts the following options:

quality: Set quality. This option defines the number of levels for averaging. It accepts an integer in the range 4-5. Default value is 4.
qp: Force a constant quantization parameter. It accepts an integer in range 0-63. If not set, the filter will use the
QP
from the video stream (if available).
strength: Set filter strength. It accepts an integer in range -15 to 32. Lower values mean more details but also more artifacts, while higher values make the image smoother but also blurrier. Default value is 0 X
PSNR
optimal.
use_bframe_qp: Enable the use of the
QP
from the B-Frames if set to 1. Using this option may cause flicker since the B-Frames have often larger
QP.
Default is 0 (not enabled).

geq

The filter accepts the following options:

lum_expr, lum: Set the luminance expression.
cb_expr, cb: Set the chrominance blue expression.
cr_expr, cr: Set the chrominance red expression.
alpha_expr, a: Set the alpha expression.
red_expr, r: Set the red expression.
green_expr, g: Set the green expression.
blue_expr, b: Set the blue expression.

The colorspace is selected according to the specified options. If one of the lum_expr, cb_expr, or cr_expr options is specified, the filter will automatically select a YCbCr colorspace. If one of the red_expr, green_expr, or blue_expr options is specified, it will select an

RGB

colorspace.

If one of the chrominance expression is not defined, it falls back on the other one. If no alpha expression is specified it will evaluate to opaque value. If none of chrominance expressions are specified, they will evaluate to the luminance expression.

The expressions can use the following variables and functions:

N: The sequential number of the filtered frame, starting from 0.
X
Y: The coordinates of the current sample.
W
H: The width and height of the image.
SW
SH: Width and height scale depending on the currently filtered plane. It is the ratio between the corresponding luma plane number of pixels and the current plane ones. E.g. for
YUV4:2:0
the values are "1,1" for the luma plane, and "0.5,0.5" for chroma planes.
T: Time of the current frame, expressed in seconds.
p(x, y): Return the value of the pixel at location (x,y) of the current plane.
lum(x, y): Return the value of the pixel at location (x,y) of the luminance plane.
cb(x, y): Return the value of the pixel at location (x,y) of the blue-difference chroma plane. Return 0 if there is no such plane.
cr(x, y): Return the value of the pixel at location (x,y) of the red-difference chroma plane. Return 0 if there is no such plane.
r(x, y)
g(x, y)
b(x, y): Return the value of the pixel at location (x,y) of the red/green/blue component. Return 0 if there is no such component.
alpha(x, y): Return the value of the pixel at location (x,y) of the alpha plane. Return 0 if there is no such plane.

For functions, if x and y are outside the area, the value will be automatically clipped to the closer edge.

Examples

*

Flip the image horizontally:

        geq=p(W-X\,Y)

*

Generate a bidimensional sine wave, with angle "PI/3" and a wavelength of 100 pixels:

        geq=128 + 100*sin(2*(PI/100)*(cos(PI/3)*(X-50*T) + sin(PI/3)*Y)):128:128

*

Generate a fancy enigmatic moving light:

        nullsrc=s=256x256,geq=random(1)/hypot(X-cos(N*0.07)*W/2-W/2\,Y-sin(N*0.09)*H/2-H/2)^2*1000000*sin(N*0.02):128:128

*

Generate a quick emboss effect:

        format=gray,geq=lum_expr='(p(X,Y)+(256-p(X-4,Y-4)))/2'

*

Modify

RGB

components depending on pixel position:

        geq=r='X/W*r(X,Y)':g='(1-X/W)*g(X,Y)':b='(H-Y)/H*b(X,Y)'

*

Create a radial gradient that is the same size as the input (also see the vignette filter):

        geq=lum=255*gauss((X/W-0.5)*3)*gauss((Y/H-0.5)*3)/gauss(0)/gauss(0),format=gray

*

Create a linear gradient to use as a mask for another filter, then compose with overlay. In this example the video will gradually become more blurry from the top to the bottom of the y-axis as defined by the linear gradient:

        ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -filter_complex "geq=lum=255*(Y/H),format=gray[grad];[0:v]boxblur=4[blur];[blur][grad]alphamerge[alpha];[0:v][alpha]overlay" output.mp4

gradfun

Fix the banding artifacts that are sometimes introduced into nearly flat regions by truncation to 8bit color depth. Interpolate the gradients that should go where the bands are, and dither them.

It is designed for playback only. Do not use it prior to lossy compression, because compression tends to lose the dither and bring back the bands.

It accepts the following parameters:

strength: The maximum amount by which the filter will change any one pixel. This is also the threshold for detecting nearly flat regions. Acceptable values range from .51 to 64; the default value is 1.2. Out-of-range values will be clipped to the valid range.
radius: The neighborhood to fit the gradient to. A larger radius makes for smoother gradients, but also prevents the filter from modifying the pixels near detailed regions. Acceptable values are 8-32; the default value is 16. Out-of-range values will be clipped to the valid range.

Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string: strength[:radius]

Examples

*

Apply the filter with a 3.5 strength and radius of 8:

        gradfun=3.5:8

*

Specify radius, omitting the strength (which will fall-back to the default value):

        gradfun=radius=8

haldclut

Apply a Hald

CLUT

to a video stream.

First input is the video stream to process, and second one is the Hald

CLUT.

The Hald

CLUT

input can be a simple picture or a complete video stream.

The filter accepts the following options:

shortest: Force termination when the shortest input terminates. Default is 0.
repeatlast: Continue applying the last
CLUT
after the end of the stream. A value of 0 disable the filter after the last frame of the
CLUT
is reached. Default is 1.

"haldclut" also has the same interpolation options as lut3d (both filters share the same internals).

More information about the Hald

CLUT

can be found on Eskil Steenberg's website (Hald

CLUT

author) at <www.quelsolaar.com/technology/clut.html>.

Workflow examples

Hald

CLUT

video stream

Generate an identity Hald

CLUT

stream altered with various effects:

        ffmpeg -f lavfi -i B<haldclutsrc>=8 -vf "hue=H=2*PI*t:s=sin(2*PI*t)+1, curves=cross_process" -t 10 -c:v ffv1 clut.nut

Note: make sure you use a lossless codec.

Then use it with "haldclut" to apply it on some random stream:

        ffmpeg -f lavfi -i mandelbrot -i clut.nut -filter_complex '[0][1] haldclut' -t 20 mandelclut.mkv

The Hald

CLUT

will be applied to the 10 first seconds (duration of clut.nut), then the latest picture of that

CLUT

stream will be applied to the remaining frames of the "mandelbrot" stream.

Hald

CLUT

with preview

A Hald

CLUT

is supposed to be a squared image of "Level*Level*Level" by "Level*Level*Level" pixels. For a given Hald

CLUT,

FFmpeg will select the biggest possible square starting at the top left of the picture. The remaining padding pixels (bottom or right) will be ignored. This area can be used to add a preview of the Hald

CLUT.

Typically, the following generated Hald

CLUT

will be supported by the "haldclut" filter:

        ffmpeg -f lavfi -i B<haldclutsrc>=8 -vf "
           pad=iw+320 [padded_clut];
           smptebars=s=320x256, split [a][b];
           [padded_clut][a] overlay=W-320:h, curves=color_negative [main];
           [main][b] overlay=W-320" -frames:v 1 clut.png

It contains the original and a preview of the effect of the

CLUT: SMPTE

color bars are displayed on the right-top, and below the same color bars processed by the color changes.

Then, the effect of this Hald

CLUT

can be visualized with:

        ffplay input.mkv -vf "movie=clut.png, [in] haldclut"

hflip

Flip the input video horizontally.

For example, to horizontally flip the input video with ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf "hflip" out.avi

histeq

This filter applies a global color histogram equalization on a per-frame basis.

It can be used to correct video that has a compressed range of pixel intensities. The filter redistributes the pixel intensities to equalize their distribution across the intensity range. It may be viewed as an ``automatically adjusting contrast filter''. This filter is useful only for correcting degraded or poorly captured source video.

The filter accepts the following options:

strength: Determine the amount of equalization to be applied. As the strength is reduced, the distribution of pixel intensities more-and-more approaches that of the input frame. The value must be a float number in the range [0,1] and defaults to 0.200.
intensity: Set the maximum intensity that can generated and scale the output values appropriately. The strength should be set as desired and then the intensity can be limited if needed to avoid washing-out. The value must be a float number in the range [0,1] and defaults to 0.210.
antibanding: Set the antibanding level. If enabled the filter will randomly vary the luminance of output pixels by a small amount to avoid banding of the histogram. Possible values are "none", "weak" or "strong". It defaults to "none".

histogram

Compute and draw a color distribution histogram for the input video.

The computed histogram is a representation of the color component distribution in an image.

The filter accepts the following options:

mode

Set histogram mode.

It accepts the following values:

levels: Standard histogram that displays the color components distribution in an image. Displays color graph for each color component. Shows distribution of the Y, U, V, A or R, G, B components, depending on input format, in the current frame. Below each graph a color component scale meter is shown.
color: Displays chroma values (U/V color placement) in a two dimensional graph (which is called a vectorscope). The brighter a pixel in the vectorscope, the more pixels of the input frame correspond to that pixel (i.e., more pixels have this chroma value). The V component is displayed on the horizontal (X) axis, with the leftmost side being V = 0 and the rightmost side being V = 255. The U component is displayed on the vertical (Y) axis, with the top representing U = 0 and the bottom representing U = 255.
The position of a white pixel in the graph corresponds to the chroma value of a pixel of the input clip. The graph can therefore be used to read the hue (color flavor) and the saturation (the dominance of the hue in the color). As the hue of a color changes, it moves around the square. At the center of the square the saturation is zero, which means that the corresponding pixel has no color. If the amount of a specific color is increased (while leaving the other colors unchanged) the saturation increases, and the indicator moves towards the edge of the square.
color2: Chroma values in vectorscope, similar as "color" but actual chroma values are displayed.
waveform: Per row/column color component graph. In row mode, the graph on the left side represents color component value 0 and the right side represents value = 255. In column mode, the top side represents color component value = 0 and bottom side represents value = 255.

: Default value is "levels".

level_height

Set height of level in "levels". Default value is 200. Allowed range is [50, 2048].

scale_height

Set height of color scale in "levels". Default value is 12. Allowed range is [0, 40].

step

Set step for "waveform" mode. Smaller values are useful to find out how many values of the same luminance are distributed across input rows/columns. Default value is 10. Allowed range is [1, 255].

waveform_mode

Set mode for "waveform". Can be either "row", or "column". Default is "row".

waveform_mirror

Set mirroring mode for "waveform". 0 means unmirrored, 1 means mirrored. In mirrored mode, higher values will be represented on the left side for "row" mode and at the top for "column" mode. Default is 0 (unmirrored).

display_mode

Set display mode for "waveform" and "levels". It accepts the following values:

parade: Display separate graph for the color components side by side in "row" waveform mode or one below the other in "column" waveform mode for "waveform" histogram mode. For "levels" histogram mode, per color component graphs are placed below each other.
Using this display mode in "waveform" histogram mode makes it easy to spot color casts in the highlights and shadows of an image, by comparing the contours of the top and the bottom graphs of each waveform. Since whites, grays, and blacks are characterized by exactly equal amounts of red, green, and blue, neutral areas of the picture should display three waveforms of roughly equal width/height. If not, the correction is easy to perform by making level adjustments the three waveforms.
overlay: Presents information identical to that in the "parade", except that the graphs representing color components are superimposed directly over one another.
This display mode in "waveform" histogram mode makes it easier to spot relative differences or similarities in overlapping areas of the color components that are supposed to be identical, such as neutral whites, grays, or blacks.

: Default is "parade".

levels_mode

Set mode for "levels". Can be either "linear", or "logarithmic". Default is "linear".

components

Set what color components to display for mode "levels". Default is 7.

Examples

*

Calculate and draw histogram:

        ffplay -i input -vf histogram

hqdn3d

This is a high precision/quality 3d denoise filter. It aims to reduce image noise, producing smooth images and making still images really still. It should enhance compressibility.

It accepts the following optional parameters:

luma_spatial: A non-negative floating point number which specifies spatial luma strength. It defaults to 4.0.
chroma_spatial: A non-negative floating point number which specifies spatial chroma strength. It defaults to 3.0*luma_spatial/4.0.
luma_tmp: A floating point number which specifies luma temporal strength. It defaults to 6.0*luma_spatial/4.0.
chroma_tmp: A floating point number which specifies chroma temporal strength. It defaults to luma_tmp*chroma_spatial/luma_spatial.

hqx

Apply a high-quality magnification filter designed for pixel art. This filter was originally created by Maxim Stepin.

It accepts the following option:

n: Set the scaling dimension: 2 for "hq2x", 3 for "hq3x" and 4 for "hq4x". Default is 3.

hstack

Stack input videos horizontally.

All streams must be of same pixel format and of same height.

Note that this filter is faster than using overlay and pad filter to create same output.

The filter accept the following option:

nb_inputs: Set number of input streams. Default is 2.

hue

Modify the hue and/or the saturation of the input.

It accepts the following parameters:

h: Specify the hue angle as a number of degrees. It accepts an expression, and defaults to ``0''.
s: Specify the saturation in the [-10,10] range. It accepts an expression and defaults to ``1''.
H: Specify the hue angle as a number of radians. It accepts an expression, and defaults to ``0''.
b: Specify the brightness in the [-10,10] range. It accepts an expression and defaults to ``0''.

h and H are mutually exclusive, and can't be specified at the same time.

The b, h, H and s option values are expressions containing the following constants:

n: frame count of the input frame starting from 0
pts: presentation timestamp of the input frame expressed in time base units
r: frame rate of the input video,
NAN
if the input frame rate is unknown
t: timestamp expressed in seconds,
NAN
if the input timestamp is unknown
tb: time base of the input video

Examples

*

Set the hue to 90 degrees and the saturation to 1.0:

        hue=h=90:s=1

*

Same command but expressing the hue in radians:

        hue=H=PI/2:s=1

*

Rotate hue and make the saturation swing between 0 and 2 over a period of 1 second:

        hue="H=2*PI*t: s=sin(2*PI*t)+1"

*

Apply a 3 seconds saturation fade-in effect starting at 0:

        hue="s=min(t/3\,1)"

The general fade-in expression can be written as:

        hue="s=min(0\, max((t-START)/DURATION\, 1))"

*

Apply a 3 seconds saturation fade-out effect starting at 5 seconds:

        hue="s=max(0\, min(1\, (8-t)/3))"

The general fade-out expression can be written as:

        hue="s=max(0\, min(1\, (START+DURATION-t)/DURATION))"

Commands

This filter supports the following commands:

b
s
h
H: Modify the hue and/or the saturation and/or brightness of the input video. The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current value.

idet

Detect video interlacing type.

This filter tries to detect if the input frames as interlaced, progressive, top or bottom field first. It will also try and detect fields that are repeated between adjacent frames (a sign of telecine).

Single frame detection considers only immediately adjacent frames when classifying each frame. Multiple frame detection incorporates the classification history of previous frames.

The filter will log these metadata values:

single.current_frame: Detected type of current frame using single-frame detection. One of: ``tff'' (top field first), ``bff'' (bottom field first), ``progressive'', or ``undetermined''
single.tff: Cumulative number of frames detected as top field first using single-frame detection.
multiple.tff: Cumulative number of frames detected as top field first using multiple-frame detection.
single.bff: Cumulative number of frames detected as bottom field first using single-frame detection.
multiple.current_frame: Detected type of current frame using multiple-frame detection. One of: ``tff'' (top field first), ``bff'' (bottom field first), ``progressive'', or ``undetermined''
multiple.bff: Cumulative number of frames detected as bottom field first using multiple-frame detection.
single.progressive: Cumulative number of frames detected as progressive using single-frame detection.
multiple.progressive: Cumulative number of frames detected as progressive using multiple-frame detection.
single.undetermined: Cumulative number of frames that could not be classified using single-frame detection.
multiple.undetermined: Cumulative number of frames that could not be classified using multiple-frame detection.
repeated.current_frame: Which field in the current frame is repeated from the last. One of ``neither'', ``top'', or ``bottom''.
repeated.neither: Cumulative number of frames with no repeated field.
repeated.top: Cumulative number of frames with the top field repeated from the previous frame's top field.
repeated.bottom: Cumulative number of frames with the bottom field repeated from the previous frame's bottom field.

The filter accepts the following options:

intl_thres: Set interlacing threshold.
prog_thres: Set progressive threshold.
repeat_thres: Threshold for repeated field detection.
half_life: Number of frames after which a given frame's contribution to the statistics is halved (i.e., it contributes only 0.5 to it's classification). The default of 0 means that all frames seen are given full weight of 1.0 forever.
analyze_interlaced_flag: When this is not 0 then idet will use the specified number of frames to determine if the interlaced flag is accurate, it will not count undetermined frames. If the flag is found to be accurate it will be used without any further computations, if it is found to be inaccurate it will be cleared without any further computations. This allows inserting the idet filter as a low computational method to clean up the interlaced flag

il

Deinterleave or interleave fields.

This filter allows one to process interlaced images fields without deinterlacing them. Deinterleaving splits the input frame into 2 fields (so called half pictures). Odd lines are moved to the top half of the output image, even lines to the bottom half. You can process (filter) them independently and then re-interleave them.

The filter accepts the following options:

luma_mode, l

chroma_mode, c

alpha_mode, a

Available values for luma_mode, chroma_mode and alpha_mode are:

none: Do nothing.
deinterleave, d: Deinterleave fields, placing one above the other.
interleave, i: Interleave fields. Reverse the effect of deinterleaving.

: Default value is "none".

luma_swap, ls

chroma_swap, cs

alpha_swap, as

Swap luma/chroma/alpha fields. Exchange even & odd lines. Default value is 0.

inflate

Apply inflate effect to the video.

This filter replaces the pixel by the local(3x3) average by taking into account only values higher than the pixel.

It accepts the following options:

threshold0
threshold1
threshold2
threshold3: Limit the maximum change for each plane, default is 65535. If 0, plane will remain unchanged.

interlace

Simple interlacing filter from progressive contents. This interleaves upper (or lower) lines from odd frames with lower (or upper) lines from even frames, halving the frame rate and preserving image height.

           Original        Original             New Frame
           Frame 'j'      Frame 'j+1'             (tff)
          ==========      ===========       ==================
            Line 0  -------------------->    Frame 'j' Line 0
            Line 1          Line 1  ---->   Frame 'j+1' Line 1
            Line 2 --------------------->    Frame 'j' Line 2
            Line 3          Line 3  ---->   Frame 'j+1' Line 3
             ...             ...                   ...
        New Frame + 1 will be generated by Frame 'j+2' and Frame 'j+3' and so on

It accepts the following optional parameters:

scan: This determines whether the interlaced frame is taken from the even (tff - default) or odd (bff) lines of the progressive frame.
lowpass: Enable (default) or disable the vertical lowpass filter to avoid twitter interlacing and reduce moire patterns.

kerndeint

Deinterlace input video by applying Donald Graft's adaptive kernel deinterling. Work on interlaced parts of a video to produce progressive frames.

The description of the accepted parameters follows.

thresh: Set the threshold which affects the filter's tolerance when determining if a pixel line must be processed. It must be an integer in the range [0,255] and defaults to 10. A value of 0 will result in applying the process on every pixels.
map: Paint pixels exceeding the threshold value to white if set to 1. Default is 0.
order: Set the fields order. Swap fields if set to 1, leave fields alone if 0. Default is 0.
sharp: Enable additional sharpening if set to 1. Default is 0.
twoway: Enable twoway sharpening if set to 1. Default is 0.

Examples

*

Apply default values:

        kerndeint=thresh=10:map=0:order=0:sharp=0:twoway=0

*

Enable additional sharpening:

        kerndeint=sharp=1

*

Paint processed pixels in white:

        kerndeint=map=1

lenscorrection

Correct radial lens distortion

This filter can be used to correct for radial distortion as can result from the use of wide angle lenses, and thereby re-rectify the image. To find the right parameters one can use tools available for example as part of opencv or simply trial-and-error. To use opencv use the calibration sample (under samples/cpp) from the opencv sources and extract the k1 and k2 coefficients from the resulting matrix.

Note that effectively the same filter is available in the open-source tools Krita and Digikam from the

KDE

project.

In contrast to the vignette filter, which can also be used to compensate lens errors, this filter corrects the distortion of the image, whereas vignette corrects the brightness distribution, so you may want to use both filters together in certain cases, though you will have to take care of ordering, i.e. whether vignetting should be applied before or after lens correction.

Options

The filter accepts the following options:

cx: Relative x-coordinate of the focal point of the image, and thereby the center of the distortion. This value has a range [0,1] and is expressed as fractions of the image width.
cy: Relative y-coordinate of the focal point of the image, and thereby the center of the distortion. This value has a range [0,1] and is expressed as fractions of the image height.
k1: Coefficient of the quadratic correction term. 0.5 means no correction.
k2: Coefficient of the double quadratic correction term. 0.5 means no correction.

The formula that generates the correction is:

r_src = r_tgt * (1 + k1 * (r_tgt / r_0)^2 + k2 * (r_tgt / r_0)^4)

where r_0 is halve of the image diagonal and r_src and r_tgt are the distances from the focal point in the source and target images, respectively.

lut3d

Apply a 3D

LUT

to an input video.

The filter accepts the following options:

file

Set the 3D

LUT

file name.

Currently supported formats:

3dl: AfterEffects
cube: Iridas
dat: DaVinci
m3d: Pandora

interp

Select interpolation mode.

Available values are:

nearest: Use values from the nearest defined point.
trilinear: Interpolate values using the 8 points defining a cube.
tetrahedral: Interpolate values using a tetrahedron.

lut, lutrgb, lutyuv

Compute a look-up table for binding each pixel component input value to an output value, and apply it to the input video.

lutyuv applies a lookup table to a

YUV

input video, lutrgb to an

RGB

input video.

These filters accept the following parameters:

c0: set first pixel component expression
c1: set second pixel component expression
c2: set third pixel component expression
c3: set fourth pixel component expression, corresponds to the alpha component
r: set red component expression
g: set green component expression
b: set blue component expression
a: alpha component expression
y: set Y/luminance component expression
u: set U/Cb component expression
v: set V/Cr component expression

Each of them specifies the expression to use for computing the lookup table for the corresponding pixel component values.

The exact component associated to each of the c* options depends on the format in input.

The lut filter requires either

YUV

RGB

pixel formats in input, lutrgb requires

RGB

pixel formats in input, and lutyuv requires

YUV.

The expressions can contain the following constants and functions:

w
h: The input width and height.
val: The input value for the pixel component.
clipval: The input value, clipped to the minval-maxval range.
maxval: The maximum value for the pixel component.
minval: The minimum value for the pixel component.
negval: The negated value for the pixel component value, clipped to the minval-maxval range; it corresponds to the expression ``maxval-clipval+minval''.
clip(val): The computed value in val, clipped to the minval-maxval range.
gammaval(gamma): The computed gamma correction value of the pixel component value, clipped to the minval-maxval range. It corresponds to the expression "pow((clipval-minval)/(maxval-minval)\,gamma)*(maxval-minval)+minval"

All expressions default to ``val''.

Examples

*

Negate input video:

        lutrgb="r=maxval+minval-val:g=maxval+minval-val:b=maxval+minval-val"
        lutyuv="y=maxval+minval-val:u=maxval+minval-val:v=maxval+minval-val"

The above is the same as:

        lutrgb="r=negval:g=negval:b=negval"
        lutyuv="y=negval:u=negval:v=negval"

*

Negate luminance:

        lutyuv=y=negval

*

Remove chroma components, turning the video into a graytone image:

        lutyuv="u=128:v=128"

*

Apply a luma burning effect:

        lutyuv="y=2*val"

*

Remove green and blue components:

        lutrgb="g=0:b=0"

*

Set a constant alpha channel value on input:

        format=rgba,lutrgb=a="maxval-minval/2"

*

Correct luminance gamma by a factor of 0.5:

        lutyuv=y=gammaval(0.5)

*

Discard least significant bits of luma:

        lutyuv=y='bitand(val, 128+64+32)'

mergeplanes

Merge color channel components from several video streams.

The filter accepts up to 4 input streams, and merge selected input planes to the output video.

This filter accepts the following options:

mapping: Set input to output plane mapping. Default is 0.
The mappings is specified as a bitmap. It should be specified as a hexadecimal number in the form 0xAa[Bb[Cc[Dd]]]. 'Aa' describes the mapping for the first plane of the output stream. 'A' sets the number of the input stream to use (from 0 to 3), and 'a' the plane number of the corresponding input to use (from 0 to 3). The rest of the mappings is similar, 'Bb' describes the mapping for the output stream second plane, 'Cc' describes the mapping for the output stream third plane and 'Dd' describes the mapping for the output stream fourth plane.
format: Set output pixel format. Default is "yuva444p".

Examples

*

Merge three gray video streams of same width and height into single video stream:

        [a0][a1][a2]mergeplanes=0x001020:yuv444p

*

Merge 1st yuv444p stream and 2nd gray video stream into yuva444p video stream:

        [a0][a1]mergeplanes=0x00010210:yuva444p

*

Swap Y and A plane in yuva444p stream:

        format=yuva444p,mergeplanes=0x03010200:yuva444p

*

Swap U and V plane in yuv420p stream:

        format=yuv420p,mergeplanes=0x000201:yuv420p

*

Cast a rgb24 clip to yuv444p:

        format=rgb24,mergeplanes=0x000102:yuv444p

mcdeint

Apply motion-compensation deinterlacing.

It needs one field per frame as input and must thus be used together with yadif=1/3 or equivalent.

This filter accepts the following options:

mode

Set the deinterlacing mode.

It accepts one of the following values:

fast
medium
slow: use iterative motion estimation
extra_slow: like slow, but use multiple reference frames.

: Default value is fast.

parity

Set the picture field parity assumed for the input video. It must be one of the following values:

0, tff: assume top field first
1, bff: assume bottom field first

: Default value is bff.

qp

Set per-block quantization parameter (

) used by the internal encoder.

Higher values should result in a smoother motion vector field but less optimal individual vectors. Default value is 1.

mpdecimate

Drop frames that do not differ greatly from the previous frame in order to reduce frame rate.

The main use of this filter is for very-low-bitrate encoding (e.g. streaming over dialup modem), but it could in theory be used for fixing movies that were inverse-telecined incorrectly.

A description of the accepted options follows.

max

Set the maximum number of consecutive frames which can be dropped (if positive), or the minimum interval between dropped frames (if negative). If the value is 0, the frame is dropped unregarding the number of previous sequentially dropped frames.

Default value is 0.

hi

lo

frac

Set the dropping threshold values.

Values for hi and lo are for 8x8 pixel blocks and represent actual pixel value differences, so a threshold of 64 corresponds to 1 unit of difference for each pixel, or the same spread out differently over the block.

A frame is a candidate for dropping if no 8x8 blocks differ by more than a threshold of hi, and if no more than frac blocks (1 meaning the whole image) differ by more than a threshold of lo.

Default value for hi is 64*12, default value for lo is 64*5, and default value for frac is 0.33.

negate

Negate input video.

It accepts an integer in input; if non-zero it negates the alpha component (if available). The default value in input is 0.

noformat

Force libavfilter not to use any of the specified pixel formats for the input to the next filter.

It accepts the following parameters:

pix_fmts: A '|'-separated list of pixel format names, such as apix_fmts=yuv420p|monow|rgb24".

Examples

*

Force libavfilter to use a format different from yuv420p for the input to the vflip filter:

        noformat=pix_fmts=yuv420p,vflip

*

Convert the input video to any of the formats not contained in the list:

        noformat=yuv420p|yuv444p|yuv410p

noise

Add noise on video input frame.

The filter accepts the following options:

all_seed

c0_seed

c1_seed

c2_seed

c3_seed

Set noise seed for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case of all_seed. Default value is 123457.

all_strength, alls

c0_strength, c0s

c1_strength, c1s

c2_strength, c2s

c3_strength, c3s

Set noise strength for specific pixel component or all pixel components in case all_strength. Default value is 0. Allowed range is [0, 100].

all_flags, allf

c0_flags, c0f

c1_flags, c1f

c2_flags, c2f

c3_flags, c3f

Set pixel component flags or set flags for all components if all_flags. Available values for component flags are:

a: averaged temporal noise (smoother)
p: mix random noise with a (semi)regular pattern
t: temporal noise (noise pattern changes between frames)
u: uniform noise (gaussian otherwise)

Examples

Add temporal and uniform noise to input video:

        noise=alls=20:allf=t+u

null

Pass the video source unchanged to the output.

ocv

Apply a video transform using libopencv.

To enable this filter, install the libopencv library and headers and configure FFmpeg with "--enable-libopencv".

It accepts the following parameters:

filter_name: The name of the libopencv filter to apply.
filter_params: The parameters to pass to the libopencv filter. If not specified, the default values are assumed.

Refer to the official libopencv documentation for more precise information: <docs.opencv.org/master/modules/imgproc/doc/filtering.html>

Several libopencv filters are supported; see the following subsections.

dilate

Dilate an image by using a specific structuring element. It corresponds to the libopencv function "cvDilate".

It accepts the parameters: struct_el|nb_iterations.

struct_el represents a structuring element, and has the syntax: colsxrows+anchor_xxanchor_y/shape

cols and rows represent the number of columns and rows of the structuring element, anchor_x and anchor_y the anchor point, and shape the shape for the structuring element. shape must be ``rect'', ``cross'', ``ellipse'', or ``custom''.

If the value for shape is ``custom'', it must be followed by a string of the form "=filename". The file with name filename is assumed to represent a binary image, with each printable character corresponding to a bright pixel. When a custom shape is used, cols and rows are ignored, the number or columns and rows of the read file are assumed instead.

The default value for struct_el is ``3x3+0x0/rect''.

nb_iterations specifies the number of times the transform is applied to the image, and defaults to 1.

Some examples:

        # Use the default values
        ocv=dilate
        
        # Dilate using a structuring element with a 5x5 cross, iterating two times
        ocv=filter_name=dilate:filter_params=5x5+2x2/cross|2
        
        # Read the shape from the file diamond.shape, iterating two times.
        # The file diamond.shape may contain a pattern of characters like this
        #   *
        #  ***
        # *****
        #  ***
        #   *
        # The specified columns and rows are ignored
        # but the anchor point coordinates are not
        ocv=dilate:0x0+2x2/custom=diamond.shape|2

erode

Erode an image by using a specific structuring element. It corresponds to the libopencv function "cvErode".

It accepts the parameters: struct_el:nb_iterations, with the same syntax and semantics as the dilate filter.

smooth

Smooth the input video.

The filter takes the following parameters: type|param1|param2|param3|param4.

type is the type of smooth filter to apply, and must be one of the following values: ``blur'', ``blur_no_scale'', ``median'', ``gaussian'', or ``bilateral''. The default value is ``gaussian''.

The meaning of param1, param2, param3, and param4 depend on the smooth type. param1 and param2 accept integer positive values or 0. param3 and param4 accept floating point values.

The default value for param1 is 3. The default value for the other parameters is 0.

These parameters correspond to the parameters assigned to the libopencv function "cvSmooth".

overlay

Overlay one video on top of another.

It takes two inputs and has one output. The first input is the ``main'' video on which the second input is overlaid.

It accepts the following parameters:

A description of the accepted options follows.

x

y

Set the expression for the x and y coordinates of the overlaid video on the main video. Default value is ``0'' for both expressions. In case the expression is invalid, it is set to a huge value (meaning that the overlay will not be displayed within the output visible area).

eof_action

The action to take when

EOF

is encountered on the secondary input; it accepts one of the following values:

repeat: Repeat the last frame (the default).
endall: End both streams.
pass: Pass the main input through.

eval

Set when the expressions for x, and y are evaluated.

It accepts the following values:

init: only evaluate expressions once during the filter initialization or when a command is processed
frame: evaluate expressions for each incoming frame

: Default value is frame.

shortest

If set to 1, force the output to terminate when the shortest input terminates. Default value is 0.

format

Set the format for the output video.

It accepts the following values:

yuv420: force
YUV420
output
yuv422: force
YUV422
output
yuv444: force
YUV444
output
rgb: force
RGB
output

: Default value is yuv420.

rgb (deprecated)

If set to 1, force the filter to accept inputs in the

RGB

color space. Default value is 0. This option is deprecated, use format instead.

repeatlast

If set to 1, force the filter to draw the last overlay frame over the main input until the end of the stream. A value of 0 disables this behavior. Default value is 1.

The x, and y expressions can contain the following parameters.

main_w, W
main_h, H: The main input width and height.
overlay_w, w
overlay_h, h: The overlay input width and height.
x
y: The computed values for x and y. They are evaluated for each new frame.
hsub
vsub: horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values of the output format. For example for the pixel format ``yuv422p'' hsub is 2 and vsub is 1.
n: the number of input frame, starting from 0
pos: the position in the file of the input frame,
NAN
if unknown
t: The timestamp, expressed in seconds. It's
NAN
if the input timestamp is unknown.

Note that the n, pos, t variables are available only when evaluation is done per frame, and will evaluate to

NAN

when eval is set to init.

Be aware that frames are taken from each input video in timestamp order, hence, if their initial timestamps differ, it is a good idea to pass the two inputs through a setpts=PTS-STARTPTS filter to have them begin in the same zero timestamp, as the example for the movie filter does.

You can chain together more overlays but you should test the efficiency of such approach.

Commands

This filter supports the following commands:

x
y: Modify the x and y of the overlay input. The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current value.

Examples

*

Draw the overlay at 10 pixels from the bottom right corner of the main video:

        overlay=main_w-overlay_w-10:main_h-overlay_h-10

Using named options the example above becomes:

        overlay=x=main_w-overlay_w-10:y=main_h-overlay_h-10

*

Insert a transparent

PNG

logo in the bottom left corner of the input, using the ffmpeg tool with the "-filter_complex" option:

        ffmpeg -i input -i logo -filter_complex 'overlay=10:main_h-overlay_h-10' output

*

Insert 2 different transparent

PNG

logos (second logo on bottom right corner) using the ffmpeg tool:

        ffmpeg -i input -i logo1 -i logo2 -filter_complex 'overlay=x=10:y=H-h-10,overlay=x=W-w-10:y=H-h-10' output

*

Add a transparent color layer on top of the main video; "WxH" must specify the size of the main input to the overlay filter:

        color=color=red@.3:size=WxH [over]; [in][over] overlay [out]

*

Play an original video and a filtered version (here with the deshake filter) side by side using the ffplay tool:

        ffplay input.avi -vf 'split[a][b]; [a]pad=iw*2:ih[src]; [b]deshake[filt]; [src][filt]overlay=w'

The above command is the same as:

        ffplay input.avi -vf 'split[b], pad=iw*2[src], [b]deshake, [src]overlay=w'

*

Make a sliding overlay appearing from the left to the right top part of the screen starting since time 2:

        overlay=x='if(gte(t,2), -w+(t-2)*20, NAN)':y=0

*

Compose output by putting two input videos side to side:

        ffmpeg -i left.avi -i right.avi -filter_complex "
        nullsrc=size=200x100 [background];
        [0:v] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS, scale=100x100 [left];
        [1:v] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS, scale=100x100 [right];
        [background][left]       overlay=shortest=1       [background+left];
        [background+left][right] overlay=shortest=1:x=100 [left+right]
        "

*

Mask 10-20 seconds of a video by applying the delogo filter to a section

        ffmpeg -i test.avi -codec:v:0 wmv2 -ar 11025 -b:v 9000k
        -vf '[in]split[split_main][split_delogo];[split_delogo]trim=start=360:end=371,delogo=0:0:640:480[delogoed];[split_main][delogoed]overlay=eof_action=pass[out]'
        masked.avi

*

Chain several overlays in cascade:

        nullsrc=s=200x200 [bg];
        testsrc=s=100x100, split=4 [in0][in1][in2][in3];
        [in0] lutrgb=r=0, [bg]   overlay=0:0     [mid0];
        [in1] lutrgb=g=0, [mid0] overlay=100:0   [mid1];
        [in2] lutrgb=b=0, [mid1] overlay=0:100   [mid2];
        [in3] null,       [mid2] overlay=100:100 [out0]

owdenoise

Apply Overcomplete Wavelet denoiser.

The filter accepts the following options:

depth

Set depth.

Larger depth values will denoise lower frequency components more, but slow down filtering.

Must be an int in the range 8-16, default is 8.

luma_strength, ls

Set luma strength.

Must be a double value in the range 0-1000, default is 1.0.

chroma_strength, cs

Set chroma strength.

Must be a double value in the range 0-1000, default is 1.0.

pad

Add paddings to the input image, and place the original input at the provided x, y coordinates.

It accepts the following parameters:

width, w

height, h

Specify an expression for the size of the output image with the paddings added. If the value for width or height is 0, the corresponding input size is used for the output.

The width expression can reference the value set by the height expression, and vice versa.

The default value of width and height is 0.

x

y

Specify the offsets to place the input image at within the padded area, with respect to the top/left border of the output image.

The x expression can reference the value set by the y expression, and vice versa.

The default value of x and y is 0.

color

Specify the color of the padded area. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Color'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.

The default value of color is ``black''.

The value for the width, height, x, and y options are expressions containing the following constants:

in_w
in_h: The input video width and height.
iw
ih: These are the same as in_w and in_h.
out_w
out_h: The output width and height (the size of the padded area), as specified by the width and height expressions.
ow
oh: These are the same as out_w and out_h.
x
y: The x and y offsets as specified by the x and y expressions, or
NAN
if not yet specified.
a: same as iw / ih
sar: input sample aspect ratio
dar: input display aspect ratio, it is the same as (iw / ih) * sar
hsub
vsub: The horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the pixel format ``yuv422p'' hsub is 2 and vsub is 1.

Examples

*

Add paddings with the color ``violet'' to the input video. The output video size is 640x480, and the top-left corner of the input video is placed at column 0, row 40

        pad=640:480:0:40:violet

The example above is equivalent to the following command:

        pad=width=640:height=480:x=0:y=40:color=violet

*

Pad the input to get an output with dimensions increased by 3/2, and put the input video at the center of the padded area:

        pad="3/2*iw:3/2*ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"

*

Pad the input to get a squared output with size equal to the maximum value between the input width and height, and put the input video at the center of the padded area:

        pad="max(iw\,ih):ow:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"

*

Pad the input to get a final w/h ratio of 16:9:

        pad="ih*16/9:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"

*

In case of anamorphic video, in order to set the output display aspect correctly, it is necessary to use sar in the expression, according to the relation:

        (ih * X / ih) * sar = output_dar
        X = output_dar / sar

Thus the previous example needs to be modified to:

        pad="ih*16/9/sar:ih:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"

*

Double the output size and put the input video in the bottom-right corner of the output padded area:

        pad="2*iw:2*ih:ow-iw:oh-ih"

palettegen

Generate one palette for a whole video stream.

It accepts the following options:

max_colors

Set the maximum number of colors to quantize in the palette. Note: the palette will still contain 256 colors; the unused palette entries will be black.

reserve_transparent

Create a palette of 255 colors maximum and reserve the last one for transparency. Reserving the transparency color is useful for

GIF

optimization. If not set, the maximum of colors in the palette will be 256. You probably want to disable this option for a standalone image. Set by default.

stats_mode

Set statistics mode.

It accepts the following values:

full: Compute full frame histograms.
diff: Compute histograms only for the part that differs from previous frame. This might be relevant to give more importance to the moving part of your input if the background is static.

: Default value is full.

The filter also exports the frame metadata "lavfi.color_quant_ratio" ("nb_color_in / nb_color_out") which you can use to evaluate the degree of color quantization of the palette. This information is also visible at info logging level.

Examples

*

Generate a representative palette of a given video using ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i input.mkv -vf palettegen palette.png

paletteuse

Use a palette to downsample an input video stream.

The filter takes two inputs: one video stream and a palette. The palette must be a 256 pixels image.

It accepts the following options:

dither

Select dithering mode. Available algorithms are:

bayer: Ordered 8x8 bayer dithering (deterministic)
heckbert: Dithering as defined by Paul Heckbert in 1982 (simple error diffusion). Note: this dithering is sometimes considered ``wrong'' and is included as a reference.
floyd_steinberg: Floyd and Steingberg dithering (error diffusion)
sierra2: Frankie Sierra dithering v2 (error diffusion)
sierra2_4a: Frankie Sierra dithering v2 ``Lite'' (error diffusion)

: Default is sierra2_4a.

bayer_scale

When bayer dithering is selected, this option defines the scale of the pattern (how much the crosshatch pattern is visible). A low value means more visible pattern for less banding, and higher value means less visible pattern at the cost of more banding.

The option must be an integer value in the range [0,5]. Default is 2.

diff_mode

If set, define the zone to process

rectangle: Only the changing rectangle will be reprocessed. This is similar to
GIF
cropping/offsetting compression mechanism. This option can be useful for speed if only a part of the image is changing, and has use cases such as limiting the scope of the error diffusal dither to the rectangle that bounds the moving scene (it leads to more deterministic output if the scene doesn't change much, and as a result less moving noise and better
GIF
compression).

: Default is none.

Examples

*

Use a palette (generated for example with palettegen) to encode a

GIF

using ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i input.mkv -i palette.png -lavfi paletteuse output.gif

perspective

Correct perspective of video not recorded perpendicular to the screen.

A description of the accepted parameters follows.

x0

y0

x1

y1

x2

y2

x3

y3

Set coordinates expression for top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right corners. Default values are "0:0:W:0:0:H:W:H" with which perspective will remain unchanged. If the "sense" option is set to "source", then the specified points will be sent to the corners of the destination. If the "sense" option is set to "destination", then the corners of the source will be sent to the specified coordinates.

The expressions can use the following variables:

W
H: the width and height of video frame.

interpolation

Set interpolation for perspective correction.

It accepts the following values:

linear
cubic

: Default value is linear.

sense

Set interpretation of coordinate options.

It accepts the following values:

0, source: Send point in the source specified by the given coordinates to the corners of the destination.
1, destination: Send the corners of the source to the point in the destination specified by the given coordinates.
Default value is source.

phase

Delay interlaced video by one field time so that the field order changes.

The intended use is to fix

PAL

movies that have been captured with the opposite field order to the film-to-video transfer.

A description of the accepted parameters follows.

mode

Set phase mode.

It accepts the following values:

t: Capture field order top-first, transfer bottom-first. Filter will delay the bottom field.
b: Capture field order bottom-first, transfer top-first. Filter will delay the top field.
p: Capture and transfer with the same field order. This mode only exists for the documentation of the other options to refer to, but if you actually select it, the filter will faithfully do nothing.
a: Capture field order determined automatically by field flags, transfer opposite. Filter selects among t and b modes on a frame by frame basis using field flags. If no field information is available, then this works just like u.
u: Capture unknown or varying, transfer opposite. Filter selects among t and b on a frame by frame basis by analyzing the images and selecting the alternative that produces best match between the fields.
T: Capture top-first, transfer unknown or varying. Filter selects among t and p using image analysis.
B: Capture bottom-first, transfer unknown or varying. Filter selects among b and p using image analysis.
A: Capture determined by field flags, transfer unknown or varying. Filter selects among t, b and p using field flags and image analysis. If no field information is available, then this works just like U. This is the default mode.
U: Both capture and transfer unknown or varying. Filter selects among t, b and p using image analysis only.

pixdesctest

Pixel format descriptor test filter, mainly useful for internal testing. The output video should be equal to the input video.

For example:

        format=monow, pixdesctest

can be used to test the monowhite pixel format descriptor definition.

pp

Enable the specified chain of postprocessing subfilters using libpostproc. This library should be automatically selected with a

GPL

build ("--enable-gpl"). Subfilters must be separated by '/' and can be disabled by prepending a '-'. Each subfilter and some options have a short and a long name that can be used interchangeably, i.e. dr/dering are the same.

The filters accept the following options:

subfilters: Set postprocessing subfilters string.

All subfilters share common options to determine their scope:

a/autoq: Honor the quality commands for this subfilter.
c/chrom: Do chrominance filtering, too (default).
y/nochrom: Do luminance filtering only (no chrominance).
n/noluma: Do chrominance filtering only (no luminance).

These options can be appended after the subfilter name, separated by a '|'.

Available subfilters are:

hb/hdeblock[|difference[|flatness]]

Horizontal deblocking filter

difference: Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: 32).
flatness: Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: 39).

vb/vdeblock[|difference[|flatness]]

Vertical deblocking filter

difference: Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: 32).
flatness: Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: 39).

ha/hadeblock[|difference[|flatness]]

Accurate horizontal deblocking filter

difference: Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: 32).
flatness: Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: 39).

va/vadeblock[|difference[|flatness]]

Accurate vertical deblocking filter

difference: Difference factor where higher values mean more deblocking (default: 32).
flatness: Flatness threshold where lower values mean more deblocking (default: 39).

The horizontal and vertical deblocking filters share the difference and flatness values so you cannot set different horizontal and vertical thresholds.

h1/x1hdeblock

Experimental horizontal deblocking filter

v1/x1vdeblock

Experimental vertical deblocking filter

dr/dering

Deringing filter

tn/tmpnoise[|threshold1[|threshold2[|threshold3]]], temporal noise reducer

threshold1: larger -> stronger filtering
threshold2: larger -> stronger filtering
threshold3: larger -> stronger filtering

al/autolevels[:f/fullyrange], automatic brightness / contrast correction

f/fullyrange: Stretch luminance to "0-255".

lb/linblenddeint

Linear blend deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by filtering all lines with a "(1 2 1)" filter.

li/linipoldeint

Linear interpolating deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by linearly interpolating every second line.

ci/cubicipoldeint

Cubic interpolating deinterlacing filter deinterlaces the given block by cubically interpolating every second line.

md/mediandeint

Median deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by applying a median filter to every second line.

fd/ffmpegdeint

FFmpeg deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by filtering every second line with a "(-1 4 2 4 -1)" filter.

l5/lowpass5

Vertically applied

FIR

lowpass deinterlacing filter that deinterlaces the given block by filtering all lines with a "(-1 2 6 2 -1)" filter.

fq/forceQuant[|quantizer]

Overrides the quantizer table from the input with the constant quantizer you specify.

quantizer: Quantizer to use

de/default

Default pp filter combination ("hb|a,vb|a,dr|a")

fa/fast

Fast pp filter combination ("h1|a,v1|a,dr|a")

ac

High quality pp filter combination ("ha|a|128|7,va|a,dr|a")

Examples

*

Apply horizontal and vertical deblocking, deringing and automatic brightness/contrast:

        pp=hb/vb/dr/al

*

Apply default filters without brightness/contrast correction:

        pp=de/-al

*

Apply default filters and temporal denoiser:

        pp=default/tmpnoise|1|2|3

*

Apply deblocking on luminance only, and switch vertical deblocking on or off automatically depending on available

CPU

time:

        pp=hb|y/vb|a

pp7

Apply Postprocessing filter 7. It is variant of the spp filter, similar to spp = 6 with 7 point

DCT,

where only the center sample is used after

IDCT.

The filter accepts the following options:

qp

Force a constant quantization parameter. It accepts an integer in range 0 to 63. If not set, the filter will use the

from the video stream (if available).

mode

Set thresholding mode. Available modes are:

hard: Set hard thresholding.
soft: Set soft thresholding (better de-ringing effect, but likely blurrier).
medium: Set medium thresholding (good results, default).

psnr

Obtain the average, maximum and minimum

PSNR

(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) between two input videos.

This filter takes in input two input videos, the first input is considered the ``main'' source and is passed unchanged to the output. The second input is used as a ``reference'' video for computing the

PSNR.

Both video inputs must have the same resolution and pixel format for this filter to work correctly. Also it assumes that both inputs have the same number of frames, which are compared one by one.

The obtained average

PSNR

is printed through the logging system.

The filter stores the accumulated

MSE

(mean squared error) of each frame, and at the end of the processing it is averaged across all frames equally, and the following formula is applied to obtain the

PSNR:

        PSNR = 10*log10(MAX^2/MSE)

Where

MAX

is the average of the maximum values of each component of the image.

The description of the accepted parameters follows.

stats_file, f: If specified the filter will use the named file to save the
PSNR
of each individual frame.

The file printed if stats_file is selected, contains a sequence of key/value pairs of the form key:value for each compared couple of frames.

A description of each shown parameter follows:

n: sequential number of the input frame, starting from 1
mse_avg: Mean Square Error pixel-by-pixel average difference of the compared frames, averaged over all the image components.
mse_y, mse_u, mse_v, mse_r, mse_g, mse_g, mse_a: Mean Square Error pixel-by-pixel average difference of the compared frames for the component specified by the suffix.
psnr_y, psnr_u, psnr_v, psnr_r, psnr_g, psnr_b, psnr_a: Peak Signal to Noise ratio of the compared frames for the component specified by the suffix.

For example:

        movie=ref_movie.mpg, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [main];
        [main][ref] psnr="stats_file=stats.log" [out]

On this example the input file being processed is compared with the reference file ref_movie.mpg. The

PSNR

of each individual frame is stored in stats.log.

pullup

Pulldown reversal (inverse telecine) filter, capable of handling mixed hard-telecine, 24000/1001 fps progressive, and 30000/1001 fps progressive content.

The pullup filter is designed to take advantage of future context in making its decisions. This filter is stateless in the sense that it does not lock onto a pattern to follow, but it instead looks forward to the following fields in order to identify matches and rebuild progressive frames.

To produce content with an even framerate, insert the fps filter after pullup, use "fps=24000/1001" if the input frame rate is 29.97fps, "fps=24" for 30fps and the (rare) telecined 25fps input.

The filter accepts the following options:

jl

jr

jt

jb

These options set the amount of ``junk'' to ignore at the left, right, top, and bottom of the image, respectively. Left and right are in units of 8 pixels, while top and bottom are in units of 2 lines. The default is 8 pixels on each side.

sb

Set the strict breaks. Setting this option to 1 will reduce the chances of filter generating an occasional mismatched frame, but it may also cause an excessive number of frames to be dropped during high motion sequences. Conversely, setting it to -1 will make filter match fields more easily. This may help processing of video where there is slight blurring between the fields, but may also cause there to be interlaced frames in the output. Default value is 0.

mp

Set the metric plane to use. It accepts the following values:

l: Use luma plane.
u: Use chroma blue plane.
v: Use chroma red plane.

: This option may be set to use chroma plane instead of the default luma plane for doing filter's computations. This may improve accuracy on very clean source material, but more likely will decrease accuracy, especially if there is chroma noise (rainbow effect) or any grayscale video. The main purpose of setting mp to a chroma plane is to reduce
CPU
load and make pullup usable in realtime on slow machines.

For best results (without duplicated frames in the output file) it is necessary to change the output frame rate. For example, to inverse telecine

NTSC

input:

        ffmpeg -i input -vf pullup -r 24000/1001 ...

qp

Change video quantization parameters (

The filter accepts the following option:

qp: Set expression for quantization parameter.

The expression is evaluated through the eval

API

and can contain, among others, the following constants:

known: 1 if index is not 129, 0 otherwise.
qp: Sequentional index starting from -129 to 128.

Examples

*

Some equation like:

        qp=2+2*sin(PI*qp)

random

Flush video frames from internal cache of frames into a random order. No frame is discarded. Inspired by frei0r nervous filter.

frames: Set size in number of frames of internal cache, in range from 2 to 512. Default is 30.
seed: Set seed for random number generator, must be an integer included between 0 and "UINT32_MAX". If not specified, or if explicitly set to less than 0, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best effort basis.

removegrain

The removegrain filter is a spatial denoiser for progressive video.

m0: Set mode for the first plane.
m1: Set mode for the second plane.
m2: Set mode for the third plane.
m3: Set mode for the fourth plane.

Range of mode is from 0 to 24. Description of each mode follows:

0: Leave input plane unchanged. Default.
1: Clips the pixel with the minimum and maximum of the 8 neighbour pixels.
2: Clips the pixel with the second minimum and maximum of the 8 neighbour pixels.
3: Clips the pixel with the third minimum and maximum of the 8 neighbour pixels.
4: Clips the pixel with the fourth minimum and maximum of the 8 neighbour pixels. This is equivalent to a median filter.
5: Line-sensitive clipping giving the minimal change.
6: Line-sensitive clipping, intermediate.
7: Line-sensitive clipping, intermediate.
8: Line-sensitive clipping, intermediate.
9: Line-sensitive clipping on a line where the neighbours pixels are the closest.
10: Replaces the target pixel with the closest neighbour.
11: [1 2 1] horizontal and vertical kernel blur.
12: Same as mode 11.
13: Bob mode, interpolates top field from the line where the neighbours pixels are the closest.
14: Bob mode, interpolates bottom field from the line where the neighbours pixels are the closest.
15: Bob mode, interpolates top field. Same as 13 but with a more complicated interpolation formula.
16: Bob mode, interpolates bottom field. Same as 14 but with a more complicated interpolation formula.
17: Clips the pixel with the minimum and maximum of respectively the maximum and minimum of each pair of opposite neighbour pixels.
18: Line-sensitive clipping using opposite neighbours whose greatest distance from the current pixel is minimal.
19: Replaces the pixel with the average of its 8 neighbours.
20: Averages the 9 pixels ([1 1 1] horizontal and vertical blur).
21: Clips pixels using the averages of opposite neighbour.
22: Same as mode 21 but simpler and faster.
23: Small edge and halo removal, but reputed useless.
24: Similar as 23.

removelogo

Suppress a

station logo, using an image file to determine which pixels comprise the logo. It works by filling in the pixels that comprise the logo with neighboring pixels.

The filter accepts the following options:

filename, f: Set the filter bitmap file, which can be any image format supported by libavformat. The width and height of the image file must match those of the video stream being processed.

Pixels in the provided bitmap image with a value of zero are not considered part of the logo, non-zero pixels are considered part of the logo. If you use white (255) for the logo and black (0) for the rest, you will be safe. For making the filter bitmap, it is recommended to take a screen capture of a black frame with the logo visible, and then using a threshold filter followed by the erode filter once or twice.

If needed, little splotches can be fixed manually. Remember that if logo pixels are not covered, the filter quality will be much reduced. Marking too many pixels as part of the logo does not hurt as much, but it will increase the amount of blurring needed to cover over the image and will destroy more information than necessary, and extra pixels will slow things down on a large logo.

repeatfields

This filter uses the repeat_field flag from the Video

headers and hard repeats fields based on its value.

reverse, areverse

Reverse a clip.

Warning: This filter requires memory to buffer the entire clip, so trimming is suggested.

Examples

*

Take the first 5 seconds of a clip, and reverse it.

        trim=end=5,reverse

rotate

Rotate video by an arbitrary angle expressed in radians.

The filter accepts the following options:

A description of the optional parameters follows.

angle, a: Set an expression for the angle by which to rotate the input video clockwise, expressed as a number of radians. A negative value will result in a counter-clockwise rotation. By default it is set to ``0''.
This expression is evaluated for each frame.
out_w, ow: Set the output width expression, default value is ``iw''. This expression is evaluated just once during configuration.
out_h, oh: Set the output height expression, default value is ``ih''. This expression is evaluated just once during configuration.
bilinear: Enable bilinear interpolation if set to 1, a value of 0 disables it. Default value is 1.
fillcolor, c: Set the color used to fill the output area not covered by the rotated image. For the general syntax of this option, check the ``Color'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. If the special value ``none'' is selected then no background is printed (useful for example if the background is never shown).
Default value is ``black''.

The expressions for the angle and the output size can contain the following constants and functions:

n: sequential number of the input frame, starting from 0. It is always
NAN
before the first frame is filtered.
t: time in seconds of the input frame, it is set to 0 when the filter is configured. It is always
NAN
before the first frame is filtered.
hsub
vsub: horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example for the pixel format ``yuv422p'' hsub is 2 and vsub is 1.
in_w, iw
in_h, ih: the input video width and height
out_w, ow
out_h, oh: the output width and height, that is the size of the padded area as specified by the width and height expressions
rotw(a)
roth(a): the minimal width/height required for completely containing the input video rotated by a radians.
These are only available when computing the out_w and out_h expressions.

Examples

*

Rotate the input by

PI/6

radians clockwise:

        rotate=PI/6

*

Rotate the input by

PI/6

radians counter-clockwise:

        rotate=-PI/6

*

Rotate the input by 45 degrees clockwise:

        rotate=45*PI/180

*

Apply a constant rotation with period T, starting from an angle of

PI/3:

        rotate=PI/3+2*PI*t/T

*

Make the input video rotation oscillating with a period of T seconds and an amplitude of A radians:

        rotate=A*sin(2*PI/T*t)

*

Rotate the video, output size is chosen so that the whole rotating input video is always completely contained in the output:

        rotate='2*PI*t:ow=hypot(iw,ih):oh=ow'

*

Rotate the video, reduce the output size so that no background is ever shown:

        rotate=2*PI*t:ow='min(iw,ih)/sqrt(2)':oh=ow:c=none

Commands

The filter supports the following commands:

a, angle: Set the angle expression. The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current value.

sab

Apply Shape Adaptive Blur.

The filter accepts the following options:

luma_radius, lr: Set luma blur filter strength, must be a value in range 0.1-4.0, default value is 1.0. A greater value will result in a more blurred image, and in slower processing.
luma_pre_filter_radius, lpfr: Set luma pre-filter radius, must be a value in the 0.1-2.0 range, default value is 1.0.
luma_strength, ls: Set luma maximum difference between pixels to still be considered, must be a value in the 0.1-100.0 range, default value is 1.0.
chroma_radius, cr: Set chroma blur filter strength, must be a value in range 0.1-4.0. A greater value will result in a more blurred image, and in slower processing.
chroma_pre_filter_radius, cpfr: Set chroma pre-filter radius, must be a value in the 0.1-2.0 range.
chroma_strength, cs: Set chroma maximum difference between pixels to still be considered, must be a value in the 0.1-100.0 range.

Each chroma option value, if not explicitly specified, is set to the corresponding luma option value.

scale

Scale (resize) the input video, using the libswscale library.

The scale filter forces the output display aspect ratio to be the same of the input, by changing the output sample aspect ratio.

If the input image format is different from the format requested by the next filter, the scale filter will convert the input to the requested format.

Options

The filter accepts the following options, or any of the options supported by the libswscale scaler.

See the ffmpeg-scaler manual for the complete list of scaler options.

width, w

height, h

Set the output video dimension expression. Default value is the input dimension.

If the value is 0, the input width is used for the output.

If one of the values is -1, the scale filter will use a value that maintains the aspect ratio of the input image, calculated from the other specified dimension. If both of them are -1, the input size is used

If one of the values is -n with n > 1, the scale filter will also use a value that maintains the aspect ratio of the input image, calculated from the other specified dimension. After that it will, however, make sure that the calculated dimension is divisible by n and adjust the value if necessary.

See below for the list of accepted constants for use in the dimension expression.

interl

Set the interlacing mode. It accepts the following values:

1: Force interlaced aware scaling.
0: Do not apply interlaced scaling.
-1: Select interlaced aware scaling depending on whether the source frames are flagged as interlaced or not.

: Default value is 0.

flags

Set libswscale scaling flags. See the ffmpeg-scaler manual for the complete list of values. If not explicitly specified the filter applies the default flags.

size, s

Set the video size. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.

in_color_matrix

out_color_matrix

Set in/output YCbCr color space type.

This allows the autodetected value to be overridden as well as allows forcing a specific value used for the output and encoder.

If not specified, the color space type depends on the pixel format.

Possible values:

auto

Choose automatically.

bt709

Format conforming to International Telecommunication Union (

ITU

) Recommendation

BT.709.

fcc

Set color space conforming to the United States Federal Communications Commission (

FCC

) Code of Federal Regulations (

CFR

) Title 47 (2003) 73.682 (a).

bt601

Set color space conforming to:

*: ITU
Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) Recommendation
BT.601
*: ITU-R Rec.
BT.470-6
(1998) Systems B, B1, and G
*: Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (
SMPTE
)
ST 170:2004

smpte240m

Set color space conforming to

SMPTE ST 240:1999.

in_range

out_range

Set in/output YCbCr sample range.

This allows the autodetected value to be overridden as well as allows forcing a specific value used for the output and encoder. If not specified, the range depends on the pixel format. Possible values:

auto: Choose automatically.
jpeg/full/pc: Set full range (0-255 in case of 8-bit luma).
mpeg/tv: Set ``
MPEG''
range (16-235 in case of 8-bit luma).

force_original_aspect_ratio

Enable decreasing or increasing output video width or height if necessary to keep the original aspect ratio. Possible values:

disable: Scale the video as specified and disable this feature.
decrease: The output video dimensions will automatically be decreased if needed.
increase: The output video dimensions will automatically be increased if needed.

One useful instance of this option is that when you know a specific device's maximum allowed resolution, you can use this to limit the output video to that, while retaining the aspect ratio. For example, device A allows 1280x720 playback, and your video is 1920x800. Using this option (set it to decrease) and specifying 1280x720 to the command line makes the output 1280x533.

Please note that this is a different thing than specifying -1 for w or h, you still need to specify the output resolution for this option to work.

The values of the w and h options are expressions containing the following constants:

in_w
in_h: The input width and height
iw
ih: These are the same as in_w and in_h.
out_w
out_h: The output (scaled) width and height
ow
oh: These are the same as out_w and out_h
a: The same as iw / ih
sar: input sample aspect ratio
dar: The input display aspect ratio. Calculated from "(iw / ih) * sar".
hsub
vsub: horizontal and vertical input chroma subsample values. For example for the pixel format ``yuv422p'' hsub is 2 and vsub is 1.
ohsub
ovsub: horizontal and vertical output chroma subsample values. For example for the pixel format ``yuv422p'' hsub is 2 and vsub is 1.

Examples

*

Scale the input video to a size of 200x100

        scale=w=200:h=100

This is equivalent to:

        scale=200:100

or:

        scale=200x100

*

Specify a size abbreviation for the output size:

        scale=qcif

which can also be written as:

        scale=size=qcif

*

Scale the input to 2x:

        scale=w=2*iw:h=2*ih

*

The above is the same as:

        scale=2*in_w:2*in_h

*

Scale the input to 2x with forced interlaced scaling:

        scale=2*iw:2*ih:interl=1

*

Scale the input to half size:

        scale=w=iw/2:h=ih/2

*

Increase the width, and set the height to the same size:

        scale=3/2*iw:ow

*

Seek Greek harmony:

        scale=iw:1/PHI*iw
        scale=ih*PHI:ih

*

Increase the height, and set the width to 3/2 of the height:

        scale=w=3/2*oh:h=3/5*ih

*

Increase the size, making the size a multiple of the chroma subsample values:

        scale="trunc(3/2*iw/hsub)*hsub:trunc(3/2*ih/vsub)*vsub"

*

Increase the width to a maximum of 500 pixels, keeping the same aspect ratio as the input:

        scale=w='min(500\, iw*3/2):h=-1'

Commands

This filter supports the following commands:

width, w
height, h: Set the output video dimension expression. The command accepts the same syntax of the corresponding option.
If the specified expression is not valid, it is kept at its current value.

scale2ref

Scale (resize) the input video, based on a reference video.

See the scale filter for available options, scale2ref supports the same but uses the reference video instead of the main input as basis.

Examples

*

Scale a subtitle stream to match the main video in size before overlaying

        'scale2ref[b][a];[a][b]overlay'

separatefields

The "separatefields" takes a frame-based video input and splits each frame into its components fields, producing a new half height clip with twice the frame rate and twice the frame count.

This filter use field-dominance information in frame to decide which of each pair of fields to place first in the output. If it gets it wrong use setfield filter before "separatefields" filter.

setdar, setsar

The "setdar" filter sets the Display Aspect Ratio for the filter output video.

This is done by changing the specified Sample (aka Pixel) Aspect Ratio, according to the following equation:

        <DAR> = <HORIZONTAL_RESOLUTION> / <VERTICAL_RESOLUTION> * <SAR>

Keep in mind that the "setdar" filter does not modify the pixel dimensions of the video frame. Also, the display aspect ratio set by this filter may be changed by later filters in the filterchain, e.g. in case of scaling or if another ``setdar'' or a ``setsar'' filter is applied.

The "setsar" filter sets the Sample (aka Pixel) Aspect Ratio for the filter output video.

Note that as a consequence of the application of this filter, the output display aspect ratio will change according to the equation above.

Keep in mind that the sample aspect ratio set by the "setsar" filter may be changed by later filters in the filterchain, e.g. if another ``setsar'' or a ``setdar'' filter is applied.

It accepts the following parameters:

r, ratio, dar (setdar only), sar (setsar only): Set the aspect ratio used by the filter.
The parameter can be a floating point number string, an expression, or a string of the form num:den, where num and den are the numerator and denominator of the aspect ratio. If the parameter is not specified, it is assumed the value ``0''. In case the form "num:den" is used, the ":" character should be escaped.
max: Set the maximum integer value to use for expressing numerator and denominator when reducing the expressed aspect ratio to a rational. Default value is 100.

The parameter sar is an expression containing the following constants:

E,
PI, PHI: These are approximated values for the mathematical constants e (Euler's number), pi (Greek pi), and phi (the golden ratio).
w, h: The input width and height.
a: These are the same as w / h.
sar: The input sample aspect ratio.
dar: The input display aspect ratio. It is the same as (w / h) * sar.
hsub, vsub: Horizontal and vertical chroma subsample values. For example, for the pixel format ``yuv422p'' hsub is 2 and vsub is 1.

Examples

*

To change the display aspect ratio to 16:9, specify one of the following:

        setdar=dar=1.77777
        setdar=dar=16/9
        setdar=dar=1.77777

*

To change the sample aspect ratio to 10:11, specify:

        setsar=sar=10/11

*

To set a display aspect ratio of 16:9, and specify a maximum integer value of 1000 in the aspect ratio reduction, use the command:

        setdar=ratio=16/9:max=1000

setfield

Force field for the output video frame.

The "setfield" filter marks the interlace type field for the output frames. It does not change the input frame, but only sets the corresponding property, which affects how the frame is treated by following filters (e.g. "fieldorder" or "yadif").

The filter accepts the following options:

mode

Available values are:

auto: Keep the same field property.
bff: Mark the frame as bottom-field-first.
tff: Mark the frame as top-field-first.
prog: Mark the frame as progressive.

showinfo

Show a line containing various information for each input video frame. The input video is not modified.

The shown line contains a sequence of key/value pairs of the form key:value.

The following values are shown in the output:

n: The (sequential) number of the input frame, starting from 0.
pts: The Presentation TimeStamp of the input frame, expressed as a number of time base units. The time base unit depends on the filter input pad.
pts_time: The Presentation TimeStamp of the input frame, expressed as a number of seconds.
pos: The position of the frame in the input stream, or -1 if this information is unavailable and/or meaningless (for example in case of synthetic video).
fmt: The pixel format name.
sar: The sample aspect ratio of the input frame, expressed in the form num/den.
s: The size of the input frame. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
i: The type of interlaced mode (``P'' for ``progressive'', ``T'' for top field first, ``B'' for bottom field first).
iskey: This is 1 if the frame is a key frame, 0 otherwise.
type: The picture type of the input frame (``I'' for an I-frame, ``P'' for a P-frame, ``B'' for a B-frame, or ``?'' for an unknown type). Also refer to the documentation of the "AVPictureType" enum and of the "av_get_picture_type_char" function defined in libavutil/avutil.h.
checksum: The Adler-32 checksum (printed in hexadecimal) of all the planes of the input frame.
plane_checksum: The Adler-32 checksum (printed in hexadecimal) of each plane of the input frame, expressed in the form "[c0 c1 c2 c3]".

showpalette

Displays the 256 colors palette of each frame. This filter is only relevant for pal8 pixel format frames.

It accepts the following option:

s: Set the size of the box used to represent one palette color entry. Default is 30 (for a "30x30" pixel box).

shuffleplanes

Reorder and/or duplicate video planes.

It accepts the following parameters:

map0: The index of the input plane to be used as the first output plane.
map1: The index of the input plane to be used as the second output plane.
map2: The index of the input plane to be used as the third output plane.
map3: The index of the input plane to be used as the fourth output plane.

The first plane has the index 0. The default is to keep the input unchanged.

Swap the second and third planes of the input:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf shuffleplanes=0:2:1:3 OUTPUT

signalstats

Evaluate various visual metrics that assist in determining issues associated with the digitization of analog video media.

By default the filter will log these metadata values:

YMIN: Display the minimal Y value contained within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
YLOW: Display the Y value at the 10% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
YAVG: Display the average Y value within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
YHIGH: Display the Y value at the 90% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
YMAX: Display the maximum Y value contained within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
UMIN: Display the minimal U value contained within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
ULOW: Display the U value at the 10% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
UAVG: Display the average U value within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
UHIGH: Display the U value at the 90% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
UMAX: Display the maximum U value contained within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
VMIN: Display the minimal V value contained within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
VLOW: Display the V value at the 10% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
VAVG: Display the average V value within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
VHIGH: Display the V value at the 90% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
VMAX: Display the maximum V value contained within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
SATMIN: Display the minimal saturation value contained within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
SATLOW: Display the saturation value at the 10% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
SATAVG: Display the average saturation value within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
SATHIGH: Display the saturation value at the 90% percentile within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
SATMAX: Display the maximum saturation value contained within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-~181.02].
HUEMED: Display the median value for hue within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-360].
HUEAVG: Display the average value for hue within the input frame. Expressed in range of [0-360].
YDIF: Display the average of sample value difference between all values of the Y plane in the current frame and corresponding values of the previous input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
UDIF: Display the average of sample value difference between all values of the U plane in the current frame and corresponding values of the previous input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].
VDIF: Display the average of sample value difference between all values of the V plane in the current frame and corresponding values of the previous input frame. Expressed in range of [0-255].

The filter accepts the following options:

stat

out

stat specify an additional form of image analysis. out output video with the specified type of pixel highlighted.

Both options accept the following values:

tout: Identify temporal outliers pixels. A temporal outlier is a pixel unlike the neighboring pixels of the same field. Examples of temporal outliers include the results of video dropouts, head clogs, or tape tracking issues.
vrep: Identify vertical line repetition. Vertical line repetition includes similar rows of pixels within a frame. In born-digital video vertical line repetition is common, but this pattern is uncommon in video digitized from an analog source. When it occurs in video that results from the digitization of an analog source it can indicate concealment from a dropout compensator.
brng: Identify pixels that fall outside of legal broadcast range.

color, c

Set the highlight color for the out option. The default color is yellow.

Examples

*

Output data of various video metrics:

        ffprobe -f lavfi movie=example.mov,signalstats="stat=tout+vrep+brng" -show_frames

*

Output specific data about the minimum and maximum values of the Y plane per frame:

        ffprobe -f lavfi movie=example.mov,signalstats -show_entries frame_tags=lavfi.signalstats.YMAX,lavfi.signalstats.YMIN

*

Playback video while highlighting pixels that are outside of broadcast range in red.

        ffplay example.mov -vf signalstats="out=brng:color=red"

*

Playback video with signalstats metadata drawn over the frame.

        ffplay example.mov -vf signalstats=stat=brng+vrep+tout,drawtext=fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:textfile=signalstat_drawtext.txt

The contents of signalstat_drawtext.txt used in the command are:

        time %{pts:hms}
        Y (%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.YMIN}-%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.YMAX})
        U (%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.UMIN}-%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.UMAX})
        V (%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.VMIN}-%{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.VMAX})
        saturation maximum: %{metadata:lavfi.signalstats.SATMAX}

smartblur

Blur the input video without impacting the outlines.

It accepts the following options:

luma_radius, lr: Set the luma radius. The option value must be a float number in the range [0.1,5.0] that specifies the variance of the gaussian filter used to blur the image (slower if larger). Default value is 1.0.
luma_strength, ls: Set the luma strength. The option value must be a float number in the range [-1.0,1.0] that configures the blurring. A value included in [0.0,1.0] will blur the image whereas a value included in [-1.0,0.0] will sharpen the image. Default value is 1.0.
luma_threshold, lt: Set the luma threshold used as a coefficient to determine whether a pixel should be blurred or not. The option value must be an integer in the range [-30,30]. A value of 0 will filter all the image, a value included in [0,30] will filter flat areas and a value included in [-30,0] will filter edges. Default value is 0.
chroma_radius, cr: Set the chroma radius. The option value must be a float number in the range [0.1,5.0] that specifies the variance of the gaussian filter used to blur the image (slower if larger). Default value is 1.0.
chroma_strength, cs: Set the chroma strength. The option value must be a float number in the range [-1.0,1.0] that configures the blurring. A value included in [0.0,1.0] will blur the image whereas a value included in [-1.0,0.0] will sharpen the image. Default value is 1.0.
chroma_threshold, ct: Set the chroma threshold used as a coefficient to determine whether a pixel should be blurred or not. The option value must be an integer in the range [-30,30]. A value of 0 will filter all the image, a value included in [0,30] will filter flat areas and a value included in [-30,0] will filter edges. Default value is 0.

If a chroma option is not explicitly set, the corresponding luma value is set.

ssim

Obtain the

SSIM

(Structural SImilarity Metric) between two input videos.

SSIM.

Both video inputs must have the same resolution and pixel format for this filter to work correctly. Also it assumes that both inputs have the same number of frames, which are compared one by one.

The filter stores the calculated

SSIM

of each frame.

The description of the accepted parameters follows.

stats_file, f: If specified the filter will use the named file to save the
SSIM
of each individual frame.

The file printed if stats_file is selected, contains a sequence of key/value pairs of the form key:value for each compared couple of frames.

A description of each shown parameter follows:

n: sequential number of the input frame, starting from 1
Y, U, V, R, G, B: SSIM
of the compared frames for the component specified by the suffix.
All: SSIM
of the compared frames for the whole frame.
dB: Same as above but in dB representation.

For example:

        movie=ref_movie.mpg, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [main];
        [main][ref] ssim="stats_file=stats.log" [out]

On this example the input file being processed is compared with the reference file ref_movie.mpg. The

SSIM

of each individual frame is stored in stats.log.

Another example with both psnr and ssim at same time:

        ffmpeg -i main.mpg -i ref.mpg -lavfi  "ssim;[0:v][1:v]psnr" -f null -

stereo3d

Convert between different stereoscopic image formats.

The filters accept the following options:

in

Set stereoscopic image format of input.

Available values for input image formats are:

sbsl: side by side parallel (left eye left, right eye right)
sbsr: side by side crosseye (right eye left, left eye right)
sbs2l: side by side parallel with half width resolution (left eye left, right eye right)
sbs2r: side by side crosseye with half width resolution (right eye left, left eye right)
abl: above-below (left eye above, right eye below)
abr: above-below (right eye above, left eye below)
ab2l: above-below with half height resolution (left eye above, right eye below)
ab2r: above-below with half height resolution (right eye above, left eye below)
al: alternating frames (left eye first, right eye second)
ar: alternating frames (right eye first, left eye second)
Default value is sbsl.

out

Set stereoscopic image format of output.

Available values for output image formats are all the input formats as well as:

arbg: anaglyph red/blue gray (red filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
argg: anaglyph red/green gray (red filter on left eye, green filter on right eye)
arcg: anaglyph red/cyan gray (red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
arch: anaglyph red/cyan half colored (red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
arcc: anaglyph red/cyan color (red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
arcd: anaglyph red/cyan color optimized with the least squares projection of dubois (red filter on left eye, cyan filter on right eye)
agmg: anaglyph green/magenta gray (green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
agmh: anaglyph green/magenta half colored (green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
agmc: anaglyph green/magenta colored (green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
agmd: anaglyph green/magenta color optimized with the least squares projection of dubois (green filter on left eye, magenta filter on right eye)
aybg: anaglyph yellow/blue gray (yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
aybh: anaglyph yellow/blue half colored (yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
aybc: anaglyph yellow/blue colored (yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
aybd: anaglyph yellow/blue color optimized with the least squares projection of dubois (yellow filter on left eye, blue filter on right eye)
irl: interleaved rows (left eye has top row, right eye starts on next row)
irr: interleaved rows (right eye has top row, left eye starts on next row)
ml: mono output (left eye only)
mr: mono output (right eye only)

: Default value is arcd.

Examples

*

Convert input video from side by side parallel to anaglyph yellow/blue dubois:

        stereo3d=sbsl:aybd

*

Convert input video from above below (left eye above, right eye below) to side by side crosseye.

        stereo3d=abl:sbsr

spp

Apply a simple postprocessing filter that compresses and decompresses the image at several (or - in the case of quality level 6 - all) shifts and average the results.

The filter accepts the following options:

quality

Set quality. This option defines the number of levels for averaging. It accepts an integer in the range 0-6. If set to 0, the filter will have no effect. A value of 6 means the higher quality. For each increment of that value the speed drops by a factor of approximately 2. Default value is 3.

qp

Force a constant quantization parameter. If not set, the filter will use the

from the video stream (if available).

mode

Set thresholding mode. Available modes are:

hard: Set hard thresholding (default).
soft: Set soft thresholding (better de-ringing effect, but likely blurrier).

use_bframe_qp

Enable the use of the

from the B-Frames if set to 1. Using this option may cause flicker since the B-Frames have often larger

QP.

Default is 0 (not enabled).

subtitles

Draw subtitles on top of input video using the libass library.

To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with "--enable-libass". This filter also requires a build with libavcodec and libavformat to convert the passed subtitles file to

ASS

(Advanced Substation Alpha) subtitles format.

The filter accepts the following options:

filename, f: Set the filename of the subtitle file to read. It must be specified.
original_size: Specify the size of the original video, the video for which the
ASS
file was composed. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Due to a misdesign in
ASS
aspect ratio arithmetic, this is necessary to correctly scale the fonts if the aspect ratio has been changed.
fontsdir: Set a directory path containing fonts that can be used by the filter. These fonts will be used in addition to whatever the font provider uses.
charenc: Set subtitles input character encoding. "subtitles" filter only. Only useful if not
UTF-8.
stream_index, si: Set subtitles stream index. "subtitles" filter only.
force_style: Override default style or script info parameters of the subtitles. It accepts a string containing
ASS
style format "KEY=VALUE" couples separated by ``,''.

If the first key is not specified, it is assumed that the first value specifies the filename.

For example, to render the file sub.srt on top of the input video, use the command:

        subtitles=sub.srt

which is equivalent to:

        subtitles=filename=sub.srt

To render the default subtitles stream from file video.mkv, use:

        subtitles=video.mkv

To render the second subtitles stream from that file, use:

        subtitles=video.mkv:si=1

To make the subtitles stream from sub.srt appear in transparent green "DejaVu Serif", use:

        subtitles=sub.srt:force_style='FontName=DejaVu Serif,PrimaryColour=&HAA00FF00'

super2xsai

Scale the input by 2x and smooth using the Super2xSaI (Scale and Interpolate) pixel art scaling algorithm.

Useful for enlarging pixel art images without reducing sharpness.

swapuv

Swap U & V plane.

telecine

Apply telecine process to the video.

This filter accepts the following options:

first_field

top, t: top field first
bottom, b: bottom field first The default value is "top".

pattern

A string of numbers representing the pulldown pattern you wish to apply. The default value is 23.

        Some typical patterns:
        
        NTSC output (30i):
        27.5p: 32222
        24p: 23 (classic)
        24p: 2332 (preferred)
        20p: 33
        18p: 334
        16p: 3444
        
        PAL output (25i):
        27.5p: 12222
        24p: 222222222223 ("Euro pulldown")
        16.67p: 33
        16p: 33333334

thumbnail

Select the most representative frame in a given sequence of consecutive frames.

The filter accepts the following options:

n: Set the frames batch size to analyze; in a set of n frames, the filter will pick one of them, and then handle the next batch of n frames until the end. Default is 100.

Since the filter keeps track of the whole frames sequence, a bigger n value will result in a higher memory usage, so a high value is not recommended.

Examples

*

Extract one picture each 50 frames:

        thumbnail=50

*

Complete example of a thumbnail creation with ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf thumbnail,scale=300:200 -frames:v 1 out.png

tile

Tile several successive frames together.

The filter accepts the following options:

layout: Set the grid size (i.e. the number of lines and columns). For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
nb_frames: Set the maximum number of frames to render in the given area. It must be less than or equal to wxh. The default value is 0, meaning all the area will be used.
margin: Set the outer border margin in pixels.
padding: Set the inner border thickness (i.e. the number of pixels between frames). For more advanced padding options (such as having different values for the edges), refer to the pad video filter.
color: Specify the color of the unused area. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Color'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. The default value of color is ``black''.

Examples

*

Produce 8x8

PNG

tiles of all keyframes (-skip_frame nokey) in a movie:

        ffmpeg -skip_frame nokey -i file.avi -vf 'scale=128:72,tile=8x8' -an -vsync 0 keyframes%03d.png

The -vsync 0 is necessary to prevent ffmpeg from duplicating each output frame to accommodate the originally detected frame rate.

*

Display 5 pictures in an area of "3x2" frames, with 7 pixels between them, and 2 pixels of initial margin, using mixed flat and named options:

        tile=3x2:nb_frames=5:padding=7:margin=2

tinterlace

Perform various types of temporal field interlacing.

Frames are counted starting from 1, so the first input frame is considered odd.

The filter accepts the following options:

mode

Specify the mode of the interlacing. This option can also be specified as a value alone. See below for a list of values for this option.

Available values are:

merge, 0

Move odd frames into the upper field, even into the lower field, generating a double height frame at half frame rate.

         ------> time
        Input:
        Frame 1         Frame 2         Frame 3         Frame 4
        
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        
        Output:
        11111                           33333
        22222                           44444
        11111                           33333
        22222                           44444
        11111                           33333
        22222                           44444
        11111                           33333
        22222                           44444

drop_odd, 1

Only output even frames, odd frames are dropped, generating a frame with unchanged height at half frame rate.

         ------> time
        Input:
        Frame 1         Frame 2         Frame 3         Frame 4
        
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        
        Output:
                        22222                           44444
                        22222                           44444
                        22222                           44444
                        22222                           44444

drop_even, 2

Only output odd frames, even frames are dropped, generating a frame with unchanged height at half frame rate.

         ------> time
        Input:
        Frame 1         Frame 2         Frame 3         Frame 4
        
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        
        Output:
        11111                           33333
        11111                           33333
        11111                           33333
        11111                           33333

pad, 3

Expand each frame to full height, but pad alternate lines with black, generating a frame with double height at the same input frame rate.

         ------> time
        Input:
        Frame 1         Frame 2         Frame 3         Frame 4
        
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
        
        Output:
        11111           .....           33333           .....
        .....           22222           .....           44444
        11111           .....           33333           .....
        .....           22222           .....           44444
        11111           .....           33333           .....
        .....           22222           .....           44444
        11111           .....           33333           .....
        .....           22222           .....           44444

interleave_top, 4

Interleave the upper field from odd frames with the lower field from even frames, generating a frame with unchanged height at half frame rate.

         ------> time
        Input:
        Frame 1         Frame 2         Frame 3         Frame 4
        
        11111<-         22222           33333<-         44444
        11111           22222<-         33333           44444<-
        11111<-         22222           33333<-         44444
        11111           22222<-         33333           44444<-
        
        Output:
        11111                           33333
        22222                           44444
        11111                           33333
        22222                           44444

interleave_bottom, 5

Interleave the lower field from odd frames with the upper field from even frames, generating a frame with unchanged height at half frame rate.

         ------> time
        Input:
        Frame 1         Frame 2         Frame 3         Frame 4
        
        11111           22222<-         33333           44444<-
        11111<-         22222           33333<-         44444
        11111           22222<-         33333           44444<-
        11111<-         22222           33333<-         44444
        
        Output:
        22222                           44444
        11111                           33333
        22222                           44444
        11111                           33333

interlacex2, 6

Double frame rate with unchanged height. Frames are inserted each containing the second temporal field from the previous input frame and the first temporal field from the next input frame. This mode relies on the top_field_first flag. Useful for interlaced video displays with no field synchronisation.

         ------> time
        Input:
        Frame 1         Frame 2         Frame 3         Frame 4
        
        11111           22222           33333           44444
         11111           22222           33333           44444
        11111           22222           33333           44444
         11111           22222           33333           44444
        
        Output:
        11111   22222   22222   33333   33333   44444   44444
         11111   11111   22222   22222   33333   33333   44444
        11111   22222   22222   33333   33333   44444   44444
         11111   11111   22222   22222   33333   33333   44444

Numeric values are deprecated but are accepted for backward compatibility reasons.

Default mode is "merge".

flags

Specify flags influencing the filter process.

Available value for flags is:

low_pass_filter, vlfp: Enable vertical low-pass filtering in the filter. Vertical low-pass filtering is required when creating an interlaced destination from a progressive source which contains high-frequency vertical detail. Filtering will reduce interlace 'twitter' and Moire patterning.
Vertical low-pass filtering can only be enabled for mode interleave_top and interleave_bottom.

transpose

Transpose rows with columns in the input video and optionally flip it.

It accepts the following parameters:

dir

Specify the transposition direction.

Can assume the following values:

0, 4, cclock_flip

Rotate by 90 degrees counterclockwise and vertically flip (default), that is:

        L.R     L.l
        . . ->  . .
        l.r     R.r

1, 5, clock

Rotate by 90 degrees clockwise, that is:

        L.R     l.L
        . . ->  . .
        l.r     r.R

2, 6, cclock

Rotate by 90 degrees counterclockwise, that is:

        L.R     R.r
        . . ->  . .
        l.r     L.l

3, 7, clock_flip

Rotate by 90 degrees clockwise and vertically flip, that is:

        L.R     r.R
        . . ->  . .
        l.r     l.L

For values between 4-7, the transposition is only done if the input video geometry is portrait and not landscape. These values are deprecated, the "passthrough" option should be used instead.

Numerical values are deprecated, and should be dropped in favor of symbolic constants.

passthrough

Do not apply the transposition if the input geometry matches the one specified by the specified value. It accepts the following values:

none: Always apply transposition.
portrait: Preserve portrait geometry (when height >= width).
landscape: Preserve landscape geometry (when width >= height).

: Default value is "none".

For example to rotate by 90 degrees clockwise and preserve portrait layout:

        transpose=dir=1:passthrough=portrait

The command above can also be specified as:

        transpose=1:portrait

trim

Trim the input so that the output contains one continuous subpart of the input.

It accepts the following parameters:

start: Specify the time of the start of the kept section, i.e. the frame with the timestamp start will be the first frame in the output.
end: Specify the time of the first frame that will be dropped, i.e. the frame immediately preceding the one with the timestamp end will be the last frame in the output.
start_pts: This is the same as start, except this option sets the start timestamp in timebase units instead of seconds.
end_pts: This is the same as end, except this option sets the end timestamp in timebase units instead of seconds.
duration: The maximum duration of the output in seconds.
start_frame: The number of the first frame that should be passed to the output.
end_frame: The number of the first frame that should be dropped.

start, end, and duration are expressed as time duration specifications; see the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual for the accepted syntax.

Note that the first two sets of the start/end options and the duration option look at the frame timestamp, while the _frame variants simply count the frames that pass through the filter. Also note that this filter does not modify the timestamps. If you wish for the output timestamps to start at zero, insert a setpts filter after the trim filter.

If multiple start or end options are set, this filter tries to be greedy and keep all the frames that match at least one of the specified constraints. To keep only the part that matches all the constraints at once, chain multiple trim filters.

The defaults are such that all the input is kept. So it is possible to set e.g. just the end values to keep everything before the specified time.

Examples:

*

Drop everything except the second minute of input:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf trim=60:120

*

Keep only the first second:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -vf trim=duration=1

unsharp

Sharpen or blur the input video.

It accepts the following parameters:

luma_msize_x, lx

Set the luma matrix horizontal size. It must be an odd integer between 3 and 63. The default value is 5.

luma_msize_y, ly

Set the luma matrix vertical size. It must be an odd integer between 3 and 63. The default value is 5.

luma_amount, la

Set the luma effect strength. It must be a floating point number, reasonable values lay between -1.5 and 1.5.

Negative values will blur the input video, while positive values will sharpen it, a value of zero will disable the effect.

Default value is 1.0.

chroma_msize_x, cx

Set the chroma matrix horizontal size. It must be an odd integer between 3 and 63. The default value is 5.

chroma_msize_y, cy

Set the chroma matrix vertical size. It must be an odd integer between 3 and 63. The default value is 5.

chroma_amount, ca

Set the chroma effect strength. It must be a floating point number, reasonable values lay between -1.5 and 1.5.

Negative values will blur the input video, while positive values will sharpen it, a value of zero will disable the effect.

Default value is 0.0.

opencl

If set to 1, specify using OpenCL capabilities, only available if FFmpeg was configured with "--enable-opencl". Default value is 0.

All parameters are optional and default to the equivalent of the string '5:5:1.0:5:5:0.0'.

Examples

*

Apply strong luma sharpen effect:

        unsharp=luma_msize_x=7:luma_msize_y=7:luma_amount=2.5

*

Apply a strong blur of both luma and chroma parameters:

        unsharp=7:7:-2:7:7:-2

uspp

Apply ultra slow/simple postprocessing filter that compresses and decompresses the image at several (or - in the case of quality level 8 - all) shifts and average the results.

The way this differs from the behavior of spp is that uspp actually encodes & decodes each case with libavcodec Snow, whereas spp uses a simplified intra only 8x8

DCT

similar to

MJPEG.

The filter accepts the following options:

quality: Set quality. This option defines the number of levels for averaging. It accepts an integer in the range 0-8. If set to 0, the filter will have no effect. A value of 8 means the higher quality. For each increment of that value the speed drops by a factor of approximately 2. Default value is 3.
qp: Force a constant quantization parameter. If not set, the filter will use the
QP
from the video stream (if available).

vectorscope

Display 2 color component values in the two dimensional graph (which is called a vectorscope).

This filter accepts the following options:

mode, m

Set vectorscope mode.

It accepts the following values:

gray: Gray values are displayed on graph, higher brightness means more pixels have same component color value on location in graph. This is the default mode.
color: Gray values are displayed on graph. Surrounding pixels values which are not present in video frame are drawn in gradient of 2 color components which are set by option "x" and "y".
color2: Actual color components values present in video frame are displayed on graph.
color3: Similar as color2 but higher frequency of same values "x" and "y" on graph increases value of another color component, which is luminance by default values of "x" and "y".
color4: Actual colors present in video frame are displayed on graph. If two different colors map to same position on graph then color with higher value of component not present in graph is picked.

x

Set which color component will be represented on X-axis. Default is 1.

y

Set which color component will be represented on Y-axis. Default is 2.

intensity, i

Set intensity, used by modes: gray, color and color3 for increasing brightness of color component which represents frequency of (X, Y) location in graph.

envelope, e

none: No envelope, this is default.
instant: Instant envelope, even darkest single pixel will be clearly highlighted.
peak: Hold maximum and minimum values presented in graph over time. This way you can still spot out of range values without constantly looking at vectorscope.
peak+instant: Peak and instant envelope combined together.

vidstabdetect

Analyze video stabilization/deshaking. Perform pass 1 of 2, see vidstabtransform for pass 2.

This filter generates a file with relative translation and rotation transform information about subsequent frames, which is then used by the vidstabtransform filter.

To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with "--enable-libvidstab".

This filter accepts the following options:

result

Set the path to the file used to write the transforms information. Default value is transforms.trf.

shakiness

Set how shaky the video is and how quick the camera is. It accepts an integer in the range 1-10, a value of 1 means little shakiness, a value of 10 means strong shakiness. Default value is 5.

accuracy

Set the accuracy of the detection process. It must be a value in the range 1-15. A value of 1 means low accuracy, a value of 15 means high accuracy. Default value is 15.

stepsize

Set stepsize of the search process. The region around minimum is scanned with 1 pixel resolution. Default value is 6.

mincontrast

Set minimum contrast. Below this value a local measurement field is discarded. Must be a floating point value in the range 0-1. Default value is 0.3.

tripod

Set reference frame number for tripod mode.

If enabled, the motion of the frames is compared to a reference frame in the filtered stream, identified by the specified number. The idea is to compensate all movements in a more-or-less static scene and keep the camera view absolutely still.

If set to 0, it is disabled. The frames are counted starting from 1.

show

Show fields and transforms in the resulting frames. It accepts an integer in the range 0-2. Default value is 0, which disables any visualization.

Examples

*

Use default values:

        vidstabdetect

*

Analyze strongly shaky movie and put the results in file mytransforms.trf:

        vidstabdetect=shakiness=10:accuracy=15:result="mytransforms.trf"

*

Visualize the result of internal transformations in the resulting video:

        vidstabdetect=show=1

*

Analyze a video with medium shakiness using ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i input -vf vidstabdetect=shakiness=5:show=1 dummy.avi

vidstabtransform

Video stabilization/deshaking: pass 2 of 2, see vidstabdetect for pass 1.

Read a file with transform information for each frame and apply/compensate them. Together with the vidstabdetect filter this can be used to deshake videos. See also <public.hronopik.de/vid.stab>. It is important to also use the unsharp filter, see below.

To enable compilation of this filter you need to configure FFmpeg with "--enable-libvidstab".

Options

input

Set path to the file used to read the transforms. Default value is transforms.trf.

smoothing

Set the number of frames (value*2 + 1) used for lowpass filtering the camera movements. Default value is 10.

For example a number of 10 means that 21 frames are used (10 in the past and 10 in the future) to smoothen the motion in the video. A larger value leads to a smoother video, but limits the acceleration of the camera (pan/tilt movements). 0 is a special case where a static camera is simulated.

optalgo

Set the camera path optimization algorithm.

Accepted values are:

gauss: gaussian kernel low-pass filter on camera motion (default)
avg: averaging on transformations

maxshift

Set maximal number of pixels to translate frames. Default value is -1, meaning no limit.

maxangle

Set maximal angle in radians (degree*PI/180) to rotate frames. Default value is -1, meaning no limit.

crop

Specify how to deal with borders that may be visible due to movement compensation.

Available values are:

keep: keep image information from previous frame (default)
black: fill the border black

invert

Invert transforms if set to 1. Default value is 0.

relative

Consider transforms as relative to previous frame if set to 1, absolute if set to 0. Default value is 0.

zoom

Set percentage to zoom. A positive value will result in a zoom-in effect, a negative value in a zoom-out effect. Default value is 0 (no zoom).

optzoom

Set optimal zooming to avoid borders.

Accepted values are:

0: disabled
1: optimal static zoom value is determined (only very strong movements will lead to visible borders) (default)
2: optimal adaptive zoom value is determined (no borders will be visible), see zoomspeed

: Note that the value given at zoom is added to the one calculated here.

zoomspeed

Set percent to zoom maximally each frame (enabled when optzoom is set to 2). Range is from 0 to 5, default value is 0.25.

interpol

Specify type of interpolation.

Available values are:

no: no interpolation
linear: linear only horizontal
bilinear: linear in both directions (default)
bicubic: cubic in both directions (slow)

tripod

Enable virtual tripod mode if set to 1, which is equivalent to "relative=0:smoothing=0". Default value is 0.

Use also "tripod" option of vidstabdetect.

debug

Increase log verbosity if set to 1. Also the detected global motions are written to the temporary file global_motions.trf. Default value is 0.

Examples

*

Use ffmpeg for a typical stabilization with default values:

        ffmpeg -i inp.mpeg -vf vidstabtransform,unsharp=5:5:0.8:3:3:0.4 inp_stabilized.mpeg

Note the use of the unsharp filter which is always recommended.

*

Zoom in a bit more and load transform data from a given file:

        vidstabtransform=zoom=5:input="mytransforms.trf"

*

Smoothen the video even more:

        vidstabtransform=smoothing=30

vflip

Flip the input video vertically.

For example, to vertically flip a video with ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf "vflip" out.avi

vignette

Make or reverse a natural vignetting effect.

The filter accepts the following options:

angle, a

Set lens angle expression as a number of radians.

The value is clipped in the "[0,PI/2]" range.

Default value: "PI/5"

x0

y0

Set center coordinates expressions. Respectively "w/2" and "h/2" by default.

mode

Set forward/backward mode.

Available modes are:

forward: The larger the distance from the central point, the darker the image becomes.
backward: The larger the distance from the central point, the brighter the image becomes. This can be used to reverse a vignette effect, though there is no automatic detection to extract the lens angle and other settings (yet). It can also be used to create a burning effect.

: Default value is forward.

eval

Set evaluation mode for the expressions (angle, x0, y0).

It accepts the following values:

init: Evaluate expressions only once during the filter initialization.
frame: Evaluate expressions for each incoming frame. This is way slower than the init mode since it requires all the scalers to be re-computed, but it allows advanced dynamic expressions.

: Default value is init.

dither

Set dithering to reduce the circular banding effects. Default is 1 (enabled).

aspect

Set vignette aspect. This setting allows one to adjust the shape of the vignette. Setting this value to the

SAR

of the input will make a rectangular vignetting following the dimensions of the video.

Default is "1/1".

Expressions

The alpha, x0 and y0 expressions can contain the following parameters.

w
h: input width and height
n: the number of input frame, starting from 0
pts: the
PTS
(Presentation TimeStamp) time of the filtered video frame, expressed in
TB
units,
NAN
if undefined
r: frame rate of the input video,
NAN
if the input frame rate is unknown
t: the
PTS
(Presentation TimeStamp) of the filtered video frame, expressed in seconds,
NAN
if undefined
tb: time base of the input video

Examples

*

Apply simple strong vignetting effect:

        vignette=PI/4

*

Make a flickering vignetting:

        vignette='PI/4+random(1)*PI/50':eval=frame

vstack

Stack input videos vertically.

All streams must be of same pixel format and of same width.

Note that this filter is faster than using overlay and pad filter to create same output.

The filter accept the following option:

nb_inputs: Set number of input streams. Default is 2.

w3fdif

Deinterlace the input video (``w3fdif'' stands for ``Weston 3 Field Deinterlacing Filter'').

Based on the process described by Martin Weston for

BBC R&D,

and implemented based on the de-interlace algorithm written by Jim Easterbrook for

BBC R&D,

the Weston 3 field deinterlacing filter uses filter coefficients calculated by

BBC R&D.

There are two sets of filter coefficients, so called ``simple'': and ``complex''. Which set of filter coefficients is used can be set by passing an optional parameter:

filter

Set the interlacing filter coefficients. Accepts one of the following values:

simple: Simple filter coefficient set.
complex: More-complex filter coefficient set.

: Default value is complex.

deint

Specify which frames to deinterlace. Accept one of the following values:

all: Deinterlace all frames,
interlaced: Only deinterlace frames marked as interlaced.

: Default value is all.

waveform

Video waveform monitor.

The waveform monitor plots color component intensity. By default luminance only. Each column of the waveform corresponds to a column of pixels in the source video.

It accepts the following options:

mode, m

Can be either "row", or "column". Default is "column". In row mode, the graph on the left side represents color component value 0 and the right side represents value = 255. In column mode, the top side represents color component value = 0 and bottom side represents value = 255.

intensity, i

Set intensity. Smaller values are useful to find out how many values of the same luminance are distributed across input rows/columns. Default value is 0.04. Allowed range is [0, 1].

mirror, r

Set mirroring mode. 0 means unmirrored, 1 means mirrored. In mirrored mode, higher values will be represented on the left side for "row" mode and at the top for "column" mode. Default is 1 (mirrored).

display, d

Set display mode. It accepts the following values:

overlay: Presents information identical to that in the "parade", except that the graphs representing color components are superimposed directly over one another.
This display mode makes it easier to spot relative differences or similarities in overlapping areas of the color components that are supposed to be identical, such as neutral whites, grays, or blacks.
parade: Display separate graph for the color components side by side in "row" mode or one below the other in "column" mode.
Using this display mode makes it easy to spot color casts in the highlights and shadows of an image, by comparing the contours of the top and the bottom graphs of each waveform. Since whites, grays, and blacks are characterized by exactly equal amounts of red, green, and blue, neutral areas of the picture should display three waveforms of roughly equal width/height. If not, the correction is easy to perform by making level adjustments the three waveforms.

: Default is "parade".

components, c

Set which color components to display. Default is 1, which means only luminance or red color component if input is in

RGB

colorspace. If is set for example to 7 it will display all 3 (if) available color components.

envelope, e

none: No envelope, this is default.
instant: Instant envelope, minimum and maximum values presented in graph will be easily visible even with small "step" value.
peak: Hold minimum and maximum values presented in graph across time. This way you can still spot out of range values without constantly looking at waveforms.
peak+instant: Peak and instant envelope combined together.

filter, f

lowpass: No filtering, this is default.
flat: Luma and chroma combined together.
aflat: Similar as above, but shows difference between blue and red chroma.
chroma: Displays only chroma.
achroma: Similar as above, but shows difference between blue and red chroma.
color: Displays actual color value on waveform.

xbr

Apply the xBR high-quality magnification filter which is designed for pixel art. It follows a set of edge-detection rules, see <www.libretro.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=134>.

It accepts the following option:

n: Set the scaling dimension: 2 for "2xBR", 3 for "3xBR" and 4 for "4xBR". Default is 3.

yadif

Deinterlace the input video (``yadif'' means ``yet another deinterlacing filter'').

It accepts the following parameters:

mode

The interlacing mode to adopt. It accepts one of the following values:

0, send_frame: Output one frame for each frame.
1, send_field: Output one frame for each field.
2, send_frame_nospatial: Like "send_frame", but it skips the spatial interlacing check.
3, send_field_nospatial: Like "send_field", but it skips the spatial interlacing check.

: The default value is "send_frame".

parity

The picture field parity assumed for the input interlaced video. It accepts one of the following values:

0, tff: Assume the top field is first.
1, bff: Assume the bottom field is first.
-1, auto: Enable automatic detection of field parity.

: The default value is "auto". If the interlacing is unknown or the decoder does not export this information, top field first will be assumed.

deint

Specify which frames to deinterlace. Accept one of the following values:

0, all: Deinterlace all frames.
1, interlaced: Only deinterlace frames marked as interlaced.

: The default value is "all".

zoompan

Apply Zoom & Pan effect.

This filter accepts the following options:

zoom, z: Set the zoom expression. Default is 1.
x
y: Set the x and y expression. Default is 0.
d: Set the duration expression in number of frames. This sets for how many number of frames effect will last for single input image.
s: Set the output image size, default is 'hd720'.

Each expression can contain the following constants:

in_w, iw: Input width.
in_h, ih: Input height.
out_w, ow: Output width.
out_h, oh: Output height.
in: Input frame count.
on: Output frame count.
x
y: Last calculated 'x' and 'y' position from 'x' and 'y' expression for current input frame.
px
py: 'x' and 'y' of last output frame of previous input frame or 0 when there was not yet such frame (first input frame).
zoom: Last calculated zoom from 'z' expression for current input frame.
pzoom: Last calculated zoom of last output frame of previous input frame.
duration: Number of output frames for current input frame. Calculated from 'd' expression for each input frame.
pduration: number of output frames created for previous input frame
a: Rational number: input width / input height
sar: sample aspect ratio
dar: display aspect ratio

Examples

*

Zoom-in up to 1.5 and pan at same time to some spot near center of picture:

        zoompan=z='min(zoom+0.0015,1.5)':d=700:x='if(gte(zoom,1.5),x,x+1/a)':y='if(gte(zoom,1.5),y,y+1)':s=640x360

*

Zoom-in up to 1.5 and pan always at center of picture:

        zoompan=z='min(zoom+0.0015,1.5)':d=700:x='iw/2-(iw/zoom/2)':y='ih/2-(ih/zoom/2)'

VIDEO SOURCES

Below is a description of the currently available video sources.

buffer

Buffer video frames, and make them available to the filter chain.

This source is mainly intended for a programmatic use, in particular through the interface defined in libavfilter/vsrc_buffer.h.

It accepts the following parameters:

video_size: Specify the size (width and height) of the buffered video frames. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
width: The input video width.
height: The input video height.
pix_fmt: A string representing the pixel format of the buffered video frames. It may be a number corresponding to a pixel format, or a pixel format name.
time_base: Specify the timebase assumed by the timestamps of the buffered frames.
frame_rate: Specify the frame rate expected for the video stream.
pixel_aspect, sar: The sample (pixel) aspect ratio of the input video.
sws_param: Specify the optional parameters to be used for the scale filter which is automatically inserted when an input change is detected in the input size or format.

For example:

        buffer=width=320:height=240:pix_fmt=yuv410p:time_base=1/24:sar=1

will instruct the source to accept video frames with size 320x240 and with format ``yuv410p'', assuming 1/24 as the timestamps timebase and square pixels (1:1 sample aspect ratio). Since the pixel format with name ``yuv410p'' corresponds to the number 6 (check the enum AVPixelFormat definition in libavutil/pixfmt.h), this example corresponds to:

        buffer=size=320x240:pixfmt=6:time_base=1/24:pixel_aspect=1/1

Alternatively, the options can be specified as a flat string, but this syntax is deprecated:

width:height:pix_fmt:time_base.num:time_base.den:pixel_aspect.num:pixel_aspect.den[:sws_param]

cellauto

Create a pattern generated by an elementary cellular automaton.

The initial state of the cellular automaton can be defined through the filename, and pattern options. If such options are not specified an initial state is created randomly.

At each new frame a new row in the video is filled with the result of the cellular automaton next generation. The behavior when the whole frame is filled is defined by the scroll option.

This source accepts the following options:

filename, f

Read the initial cellular automaton state, i.e. the starting row, from the specified file. In the file, each non-whitespace character is considered an alive cell, a newline will terminate the row, and further characters in the file will be ignored.

pattern, p

Read the initial cellular automaton state, i.e. the starting row, from the specified string.

Each non-whitespace character in the string is considered an alive cell, a newline will terminate the row, and further characters in the string will be ignored.

rate, r

Set the video rate, that is the number of frames generated per second. Default is 25.

random_fill_ratio, ratio

Set the random fill ratio for the initial cellular automaton row. It is a floating point number value ranging from 0 to 1, defaults to 1/PHI.

This option is ignored when a file or a pattern is specified.

random_seed, seed

Set the seed for filling randomly the initial row, must be an integer included between 0 and

UINT32_MAX.

If not specified, or if explicitly set to -1, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best effort basis.

rule

Set the cellular automaton rule, it is a number ranging from 0 to 255. Default value is 110.

size, s

Set the size of the output video. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.

If filename or pattern is specified, the size is set by default to the width of the specified initial state row, and the height is set to width *

PHI.

If size is set, it must contain the width of the specified pattern string, and the specified pattern will be centered in the larger row.

If a filename or a pattern string is not specified, the size value defaults to ``320x518'' (used for a randomly generated initial state).

scroll

If set to 1, scroll the output upward when all the rows in the output have been already filled. If set to 0, the new generated row will be written over the top row just after the bottom row is filled. Defaults to 1.

start_full, full

If set to 1, completely fill the output with generated rows before outputting the first frame. This is the default behavior, for disabling set the value to 0.

stitch

If set to 1, stitch the left and right row edges together. This is the default behavior, for disabling set the value to 0.

Examples

*

Read the initial state from pattern, and specify an output of size 200x400.

        cellauto=f=pattern:s=200x400

*

Generate a random initial row with a width of 200 cells, with a fill ratio of 2/3:

        cellauto=ratio=2/3:s=200x200

*

Create a pattern generated by rule 18 starting by a single alive cell centered on an initial row with width 100:

        cellauto=p=@s=100x400:full=0:rule=18

*

Specify a more elaborated initial pattern:

        cellauto=p='@@ @ @@':s=100x400:full=0:rule=18

mandelbrot

Generate a Mandelbrot set fractal, and progressively zoom towards the point specified with start_x and start_y.

This source accepts the following options:

end_pts

Set the terminal pts value. Default value is 400.

end_scale

Set the terminal scale value. Must be a floating point value. Default value is 0.3.

inner

Set the inner coloring mode, that is the algorithm used to draw the Mandelbrot fractal internal region.

It shall assume one of the following values:

black: Set black mode.
convergence: Show time until convergence.
mincol: Set color based on point closest to the origin of the iterations.
period: Set period mode.

: Default value is mincol.

bailout

Set the bailout value. Default value is 10.0.

maxiter

Set the maximum of iterations performed by the rendering algorithm. Default value is 7189.

outer

Set outer coloring mode. It shall assume one of following values:

iteration_count: Set iteration cound mode.
normalized_iteration_count: set normalized iteration count mode.

: Default value is normalized_iteration_count.

rate, r

Set frame rate, expressed as number of frames per second. Default value is ``25''.

size, s

Set frame size. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default value is ``640x480''.

start_scale

Set the initial scale value. Default value is 3.0.

start_x

Set the initial x position. Must be a floating point value between -100 and 100. Default value is -0.743643887037158704752191506114774.

start_y

Set the initial y position. Must be a floating point value between -100 and 100. Default value is -0.131825904205311970493132056385139.

mptestsrc

Generate various test patterns, as generated by the MPlayer test filter.

The size of the generated video is fixed, and is 256x256. This source is useful in particular for testing encoding features.

This source accepts the following options:

rate, r

Specify the frame rate of the sourced video, as the number of frames generated per second. It has to be a string in the format frame_rate_num/frame_rate_den, an integer number, a floating point number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation. The default value is ``25''.

duration, d

Set the duration of the sourced video. See the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual for the accepted syntax.

If not specified, or the expressed duration is negative, the video is supposed to be generated forever.

test, t

Set the number or the name of the test to perform. Supported tests are:

dc_luma
dc_chroma
freq_luma
freq_chroma
amp_luma
amp_chroma
cbp
mv
ring1
ring2
all

: Default value is ``all'', which will cycle through the list of all tests.

Some examples:

        mptestsrc=t=dc_luma

will generate a ``dc_luma'' test pattern.

frei0r_src

Provide a frei0r source.

To enable compilation of this filter you need to install the frei0r header and configure FFmpeg with "--enable-frei0r".

This source accepts the following parameters:

size: The size of the video to generate. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.
framerate: The framerate of the generated video. It may be a string of the form num/den or a frame rate abbreviation.
filter_name: The name to the frei0r source to load. For more information regarding frei0r and how to set the parameters, read the frei0r section in the video filters documentation.
filter_params: A '|'-separated list of parameters to pass to the frei0r source.

For example, to generate a frei0r partik0l source with size 200x200 and frame rate 10 which is overlaid on the overlay filter main input:

        frei0r_src=size=200x200:framerate=10:filter_name=partik0l:filter_params=1234 [overlay]; [in][overlay] overlay

life

Generate a life pattern.

This source is based on a generalization of John Conway's life game.

The sourced input represents a life grid, each pixel represents a cell which can be in one of two possible states, alive or dead. Every cell interacts with its eight neighbours, which are the cells that are horizontally, vertically, or diagonally adjacent.

At each interaction the grid evolves according to the adopted rule, which specifies the number of neighbor alive cells which will make a cell stay alive or born. The rule option allows one to specify the rule to adopt.

This source accepts the following options:

filename, f

Set the file from which to read the initial grid state. In the file, each non-whitespace character is considered an alive cell, and newline is used to delimit the end of each row.

If this option is not specified, the initial grid is generated randomly.

rate, r

Set the video rate, that is the number of frames generated per second. Default is 25.

random_fill_ratio, ratio

Set the random fill ratio for the initial random grid. It is a floating point number value ranging from 0 to 1, defaults to 1/PHI. It is ignored when a file is specified.

random_seed, seed

Set the seed for filling the initial random grid, must be an integer included between 0 and

UINT32_MAX.

If not specified, or if explicitly set to -1, the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best effort basis.

rule

Set the life rule.

A rule can be specified with a code of the kind "S

", where

and

are sequences of numbers in the range 0-8,

specifies the number of alive neighbor cells which make a live cell stay alive, and

the number of alive neighbor cells which make a dead cell to become alive (i.e. to ``born''). ``s'' and ``b'' can be used in place of ``S'' and ``B'', respectively.

Alternatively a rule can be specified by an 18-bits integer. The 9 high order bits are used to encode the next cell state if it is alive for each number of neighbor alive cells, the low order bits specify the rule for ``borning'' new cells. Higher order bits encode for an higher number of neighbor cells. For example the number 6153 = "(12<<9)+9" specifies a stay alive rule of 12 and a born rule of 9, which corresponds to ``S23/B03''.

Default value is ``S23/B3'', which is the original Conway's game of life rule, and will keep a cell alive if it has 2 or 3 neighbor alive cells, and will born a new cell if there are three alive cells around a dead cell.

size, s

Set the size of the output video. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.

If filename is specified, the size is set by default to the same size of the input file. If size is set, it must contain the size specified in the input file, and the initial grid defined in that file is centered in the larger resulting area.

If a filename is not specified, the size value defaults to ``320x240'' (used for a randomly generated initial grid).

stitch

If set to 1, stitch the left and right grid edges together, and the top and bottom edges also. Defaults to 1.

mold

Set cell mold speed. If set, a dead cell will go from death_color to mold_color with a step of mold. mold can have a value from 0 to 255.

life_color

Set the color of living (or new born) cells.

death_color

Set the color of dead cells. If mold is set, this is the first color used to represent a dead cell.

mold_color

Set mold color, for definitely dead and moldy cells.

For the syntax of these 3 color options, check the ``Color'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual.

Examples

*

Read a grid from pattern, and center it on a grid of size 300x300 pixels:

        life=f=pattern:s=300x300

*

Generate a random grid of size 200x200, with a fill ratio of 2/3:

        life=ratio=2/3:s=200x200

*

Specify a custom rule for evolving a randomly generated grid:

        life=rule=S14/B34

*

Full example with slow death effect (mold) using ffplay:

        ffplay -f lavfi life=s=300x200:mold=10:r=60:ratio=0.1:death_color=#C83232:life_color=#00ff00,scale=1200:800:flags=16

allrgb, allyuv, color, haldclutsrc, nullsrc, rgbtestsrc, smptebars, smptehdbars, testsrc

The "allrgb" source returns frames of size 4096x4096 of all rgb colors.

The "allyuv" source returns frames of size 4096x4096 of all yuv colors.

The "color" source provides an uniformly colored input.

The "haldclutsrc" source provides an identity Hald

CLUT.

VIDEO SINKS

Below is a description of the currently available video sinks.

buffersink

Buffer video frames, and make them available to the end of the filter graph.

This sink is mainly intended for programmatic use, in particular through the interface defined in libavfilter/buffersink.h or the options system.

It accepts a pointer to an AVBufferSinkContext structure, which defines the incoming buffers' formats, to be passed as the opaque parameter to "avfilter_init_filter" for initialization.

nullsink

Null video sink: do absolutely nothing with the input video. It is mainly useful as a template and for use in analysis / debugging tools.

MULTIMEDIA FILTERS

Below is a description of the currently available multimedia filters.

aphasemeter

Convert input audio to a video output, displaying the audio phase.

The filter accepts the following options:

rate, r: Set the output frame rate. Default value is 25.
size, s: Set the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default value is "800x400".
rc
gc
bc: Specify the red, green, blue contrast. Default values are 2, 7 and 1. Allowed range is "[0, 255]".
mpc: Set color which will be used for drawing median phase. If color is "none" which is default, no median phase value will be drawn.

The filter also exports the frame metadata "lavfi.aphasemeter.phase" which represents mean phase of current audio frame. Value is in range "[-1, 1]". The "-1" means left and right channels are completely out of phase and 1 means channels are in phase.

avectorscope

Convert input audio to a video output, representing the audio vector scope.

The filter is used to measure the difference between channels of stereo audio stream. A monoaural signal, consisting of identical left and right signal, results in straight vertical line. Any stereo separation is visible as a deviation from this line, creating a Lissajous figure. If the straight (or deviation from it) but horizontal line appears this indicates that the left and right channels are out of phase.

The filter accepts the following options:

mode, m

Set the vectorscope mode.

Available values are:

lissajous: Lissajous rotated by 45 degrees.
lissajous_xy: Same as above but not rotated.
polar: Shape resembling half of circle.

: Default value is lissajous.

size, s

Set the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default value is "400x400".

rate, r

Set the output frame rate. Default value is 25.

rc

gc

bc

ac

Specify the red, green, blue and alpha contrast. Default values are 40, 160, 80 and 255. Allowed range is "[0, 255]".

rf

gf

bf

af

Specify the red, green, blue and alpha fade. Default values are 15, 10, 5 and 5. Allowed range is "[0, 255]".

zoom

Set the zoom factor. Default value is 1. Allowed range is "[1, 10]".

Examples

*

Complete example using ffplay:

        ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=input.mp3, asplit [a][out1];
                     [a] avectorscope=zoom=1.3:rc=2:gc=200:bc=10:rf=1:gf=8:bf=7 [out0]'

concat

Concatenate audio and video streams, joining them together one after the other.

The filter works on segments of synchronized video and audio streams. All segments must have the same number of streams of each type, and that will also be the number of streams at output.

The filter accepts the following options:

n: Set the number of segments. Default is 2.
v: Set the number of output video streams, that is also the number of video streams in each segment. Default is 1.
a: Set the number of output audio streams, that is also the number of audio streams in each segment. Default is 0.
unsafe: Activate unsafe mode: do not fail if segments have a different format.

The filter has v+a outputs: first v video outputs, then a audio outputs.

There are nx(v+a) inputs: first the inputs for the first segment, in the same order as the outputs, then the inputs for the second segment, etc.

Related streams do not always have exactly the same duration, for various reasons including codec frame size or sloppy authoring. For that reason, related synchronized streams (e.g. a video and its audio track) should be concatenated at once. The concat filter will use the duration of the longest stream in each segment (except the last one), and if necessary pad shorter audio streams with silence.

For this filter to work correctly, all segments must start at timestamp 0.

All corresponding streams must have the same parameters in all segments; the filtering system will automatically select a common pixel format for video streams, and a common sample format, sample rate and channel layout for audio streams, but other settings, such as resolution, must be converted explicitly by the user.

Different frame rates are acceptable but will result in variable frame rate at output; be sure to configure the output file to handle it.

Examples

*

Concatenate an opening, an episode and an ending, all in bilingual version (video in stream 0, audio in streams 1 and 2):

        ffmpeg -i opening.mkv -i episode.mkv -i ending.mkv -filter_complex \
          '[0:0] [0:1] [0:2] [1:0] [1:1] [1:2] [2:0] [2:1] [2:2]
           concat=n=3:v=1:a=2 [v] [a1] [a2]' \
          -map '[v]' -map '[a1]' -map '[a2]' output.mkv

*

Concatenate two parts, handling audio and video separately, using the (a)movie sources, and adjusting the resolution:

        movie=part1.mp4, scale=512:288 [v1] ; amovie=part1.mp4 [a1] ;
        movie=part2.mp4, scale=512:288 [v2] ; amovie=part2.mp4 [a2] ;
        [v1] [v2] concat [outv] ; [a1] [a2] concat=v=0:a=1 [outa]

Note that a desync will happen at the stitch if the audio and video streams do not have exactly the same duration in the first file.

ebur128

EBU R128

scanner filter. This filter takes an audio stream as input and outputs it unchanged. By default, it logs a message at a frequency of 10Hz with the Momentary loudness (identified by "M"), Short-term loudness ("S"), Integrated loudness ("I") and Loudness Range ("LRA").

The filter also has a video output (see the video option) with a real time graph to observe the loudness evolution. The graphic contains the logged message mentioned above, so it is not printed anymore when this option is set, unless the verbose logging is set. The main graphing area contains the short-term loudness (3 seconds of analysis), and the gauge on the right is for the momentary loudness (400 milliseconds).

More information about the Loudness Recommendation

EBU R128

on <tech.ebu.ch/loudness>.

The filter accepts the following options:

video

Activate the video output. The audio stream is passed unchanged whether this option is set or no. The video stream will be the first output stream if activated. Default is 0.

size

Set the video size. This option is for video only. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default and minimum resolution is "640x480".

meter

Set the

EBU

scale meter. Default is 9. Common values are 9 and 18, respectively for

EBU

scale meter +9 and

EBU

scale meter +18. Any other integer value between this range is allowed.

metadata

Set metadata injection. If set to 1, the audio input will be segmented into 100ms output frames, each of them containing various loudness information in metadata. All the metadata keys are prefixed with "lavfi.r128.".

Default is 0.

framelog

Force the frame logging level.

Available values are:

info: information logging level
verbose: verbose logging level

: By default, the logging level is set to info. If the video or the metadata options are set, it switches to verbose.

peak

Set peak mode(s).

Available modes can be cumulated (the option is a "flag" type). Possible values are:

none: Disable any peak mode (default).
sample: Enable sample-peak mode.
Simple peak mode looking for the higher sample value. It logs a message for sample-peak (identified by "SPK").
true: Enable true-peak mode.
If enabled, the peak lookup is done on an over-sampled version of the input stream for better peak accuracy. It logs a message for true-peak. (identified by "TPK") and true-peak per frame (identified by "FTPK"). This mode requires a build with "libswresample".

Examples

*

Real-time graph using ffplay, with a

EBU

scale meter +18:

        ffplay -f lavfi -i "amovie=input.mp3,ebur128=video=1:meter=18 [out0][out1]"

*

Run an analysis with ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -nostats -i input.mp3 -filter_complex ebur128 -f null -

interleave, ainterleave

Temporally interleave frames from several inputs.

"interleave" works with video inputs, "ainterleave" with audio.

These filters read frames from several inputs and send the oldest queued frame to the output.

Input streams must have a well defined, monotonically increasing frame timestamp values.

In order to submit one frame to output, these filters need to enqueue at least one frame for each input, so they cannot work in case one input is not yet terminated and will not receive incoming frames.

For example consider the case when one input is a "select" filter which always drop input frames. The "interleave" filter will keep reading from that input, but it will never be able to send new frames to output until the input will send an end-of-stream signal.

Also, depending on inputs synchronization, the filters will drop frames in case one input receives more frames than the other ones, and the queue is already filled.

These filters accept the following options:

nb_inputs, n: Set the number of different inputs, it is 2 by default.

Examples

*

Interleave frames belonging to different streams using ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i bambi.avi -i pr0n.mkv -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] interleave" out.avi

*

Add flickering blur effect:

        select='if(gt(random(0), 0.2), 1, 2)':n=2 [tmp], boxblur=2:2, [tmp] interleave

perms, aperms

Set read/write permissions for the output frames.

These filters are mainly aimed at developers to test direct path in the following filter in the filtergraph.

The filters accept the following options:

mode

Select the permissions mode.

It accepts the following values:

none: Do nothing. This is the default.
ro: Set all the output frames read-only.
rw: Set all the output frames directly writable.
toggle: Make the frame read-only if writable, and writable if read-only.
random: Set each output frame read-only or writable randomly.

seed

Set the seed for the random mode, must be an integer included between 0 and "UINT32_MAX". If not specified, or if explicitly set to "-1", the filter will try to use a good random seed on a best effort basis.

Note: in case of auto-inserted filter between the permission filter and the following one, the permission might not be received as expected in that following filter. Inserting a format or aformat filter before the perms/aperms filter can avoid this problem.

select, aselect

Select frames to pass in output.

This filter accepts the following options:

expr, e

Set expression, which is evaluated for each input frame.

If the expression is evaluated to zero, the frame is discarded.

If the evaluation result is negative or NaN, the frame is sent to the first output; otherwise it is sent to the output with index "ceil(val)-1", assuming that the input index starts from 0.

For example a value of 1.2 corresponds to the output with index "ceil(1.2)-1 = 2-1 = 1", that is the second output.

outputs, n

Set the number of outputs. The output to which to send the selected frame is based on the result of the evaluation. Default value is 1.

The expression can contain the following constants:

n

The (sequential) number of the filtered frame, starting from 0.

selected_n

The (sequential) number of the selected frame, starting from 0.

prev_selected_n

The sequential number of the last selected frame. It's

NAN

if undefined.

TB

The timebase of the input timestamps.

pts

The

PTS

(Presentation TimeStamp) of the filtered video frame, expressed in

units. It's

NAN

if undefined.

t

The

PTS

of the filtered video frame, expressed in seconds. It's

NAN

if undefined.

prev_pts

The

PTS

of the previously filtered video frame. It's

NAN

if undefined.

prev_selected_pts

The

PTS

of the last previously filtered video frame. It's

NAN

if undefined.

prev_selected_t

The

PTS

of the last previously selected video frame. It's

NAN

if undefined.

start_pts

The

PTS

of the first video frame in the video. It's

NAN

if undefined.

start_t

The time of the first video frame in the video. It's

NAN

if undefined.

pict_type (video only)

The type of the filtered frame. It can assume one of the following values:

I
P
B
S
SI
SP
BI

interlace_type (video only)

The frame interlace type. It can assume one of the following values:

PROGRESSIVE: The frame is progressive (not interlaced).
TOPFIRST: The frame is top-field-first.
BOTTOMFIRST: The frame is bottom-field-first.

consumed_sample_n (audio only)

the number of selected samples before the current frame

samples_n (audio only)

the number of samples in the current frame

sample_rate (audio only)

the input sample rate

key

This is 1 if the filtered frame is a key-frame, 0 otherwise.

pos

the position in the file of the filtered frame, -1 if the information is not available (e.g. for synthetic video)

scene (video only)

value between 0 and 1 to indicate a new scene; a low value reflects a low probability for the current frame to introduce a new scene, while a higher value means the current frame is more likely to be one (see the example below)

The default value of the select expression is ``1''.

Examples

*

Select all frames in input:

        select

The example above is the same as:

        select=1

*

Skip all frames:

        select=0

*

Select only I-frames:

        select='eq(pict_type\,I)'

*

Select one frame every 100:

        select='not(mod(n\,100))'

*

Select only frames contained in the 10-20 time interval:

        select=between(t\,10\,20)

*

Select only I frames contained in the 10-20 time interval:

        select=between(t\,10\,20)*eq(pict_type\,I)

*

Select frames with a minimum distance of 10 seconds:

        select='isnan(prev_selected_t)+gte(t-prev_selected_t\,10)'

*

Use aselect to select only audio frames with samples number > 100:

        aselect='gt(samples_n\,100)'

*

Create a mosaic of the first scenes:

        ffmpeg -i video.avi -vf select='gt(scene\,0.4)',scale=160:120,tile -frames:v 1 preview.png

Comparing scene against a value between 0.3 and 0.5 is generally a sane choice.

*

Send even and odd frames to separate outputs, and compose them:

        select=n=2:e='mod(n, 2)+1' [odd][even]; [odd] pad=h=2*ih [tmp]; [tmp][even] overlay=y=h

sendcmd, asendcmd

Send commands to filters in the filtergraph.

These filters read commands to be sent to other filters in the filtergraph.

"sendcmd" must be inserted between two video filters, "asendcmd" must be inserted between two audio filters, but apart from that they act the same way.

The specification of commands can be provided in the filter arguments with the commands option, or in a file specified by the filename option.

These filters accept the following options:

commands, c: Set the commands to be read and sent to the other filters.
filename, f: Set the filename of the commands to be read and sent to the other filters.

Commands syntax

A commands description consists of a sequence of interval specifications, comprising a list of commands to be executed when a particular event related to that interval occurs. The occurring event is typically the current frame time entering or leaving a given time interval.

An interval is specified by the following syntax:

        <START>[-<END>] <COMMANDS>;

The time interval is specified by the

START

and

END

times.

END

is optional and defaults to the maximum time.

The current frame time is considered within the specified interval if it is included in the interval [

START

END

), that is when the time is greater or equal to

START

and is lesser than

END

COMMANDS

consists of a sequence of one or more command specifications, separated by ``,'', relating to that interval. The syntax of a command specification is given by:

        [<FLAGS>] <TARGET> <COMMAND> <ARG>

FLAGS

is optional and specifies the type of events relating to the time interval which enable sending the specified command, and must be a non-null sequence of identifier flags separated by ``+'' or ``|'' and enclosed between ``['' and ``]''.

The following flags are recognized:

enter: The command is sent when the current frame timestamp enters the specified interval. In other words, the command is sent when the previous frame timestamp was not in the given interval, and the current is.
leave: The command is sent when the current frame timestamp leaves the specified interval. In other words, the command is sent when the previous frame timestamp was in the given interval, and the current is not.

FLAGS

is not specified, a default value of "[enter]" is assumed.

TARGET

specifies the target of the command, usually the name of the filter class or a specific filter instance name.

COMMAND

specifies the name of the command for the target filter.

ARG

is optional and specifies the optional list of argument for the given

COMMAND

Between one interval specification and another, whitespaces, or sequences of characters starting with "#" until the end of line, are ignored and can be used to annotate comments.

A simplified

BNF

description of the commands specification syntax follows:

        <COMMAND_FLAG>  ::= "enter" | "leave"
        <COMMAND_FLAGS> ::= <COMMAND_FLAG> [(+|"|")<COMMAND_FLAG>]
        <COMMAND>       ::= ["[" <COMMAND_FLAGS> "]"] <TARGET> <COMMAND> [<ARG>]
        <COMMANDS>      ::= <COMMAND> [,<COMMANDS>]
        <INTERVAL>      ::= <START>[-<END>] <COMMANDS>
        <INTERVALS>     ::= <INTERVAL>[;<INTERVALS>]

Examples

*

Specify audio tempo change at second 4:

        asendcmd=c='4.0 atempo tempo 1.5',atempo

*

Specify a list of drawtext and hue commands in a file.

        # show text in the interval 5-10
        5.0-10.0 [enter] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=hello world',
                 [leave] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=';
        
        # desaturate the image in the interval 15-20
        15.0-20.0 [enter] hue s 0,
                  [enter] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=nocolor',
                  [leave] hue s 1,
                  [leave] drawtext reinit 'fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text=color';
        
        # apply an exponential saturation fade-out effect, starting from time 25
        25 [enter] hue s exp(25-t)

A filtergraph allowing to read and process the above command list stored in a file test.cmd, can be specified with:

        sendcmd=f=test.cmd,drawtext=fontfile=FreeSerif.ttf:text='',hue

setpts, asetpts

Change the

PTS

(presentation timestamp) of the input frames.

"setpts" works on video frames, "asetpts" on audio frames.

This filter accepts the following options:

expr: The expression which is evaluated for each frame to construct its timestamp.

The expression is evaluated through the eval

API

and can contain the following constants:

FRAME_RATE: frame rate, only defined for constant frame-rate video
PTS: The presentation timestamp in input
N: The count of the input frame for video or the number of consumed samples, not including the current frame for audio, starting from 0.
NB_CONSUMED_SAMPLES: The number of consumed samples, not including the current frame (only audio)
NB_SAMPLES, S: The number of samples in the current frame (only audio)
SAMPLE_RATE, SR: The audio sample rate.
STARTPTS: The
PTS
of the first frame.
STARTT: the time in seconds of the first frame
INTERLACED: State whether the current frame is interlaced.
T: the time in seconds of the current frame
POS: original position in the file of the frame, or undefined if undefined for the current frame
PREV_INPTS: The previous input
PTS.
PREV_INT: previous input time in seconds
PREV_OUTPTS: The previous output
PTS.
PREV_OUTT: previous output time in seconds
RTCTIME: The wallclock (
RTC
) time in microseconds. This is deprecated, use time(0) instead.
RTCSTART: The wallclock (
RTC
) time at the start of the movie in microseconds.
TB: The timebase of the input timestamps.

Examples

*

Start counting

PTS

from zero

        setpts=PTS-STARTPTS

*

Apply fast motion effect:

        setpts=0.5*PTS

*

Apply slow motion effect:

        setpts=2.0*PTS

*

Set fixed rate of 25 frames per second:

        setpts=N/(25*TB)

*

Set fixed rate 25 fps with some jitter:

        setpts='1/(25*TB) * (N + 0.05 * sin(N*2*PI/25))'

*

Apply an offset of 10 seconds to the input

PTS:

        setpts=PTS+10/TB

*

Generate timestamps from a ``live source'' and rebase onto the current timebase:

        setpts='(RTCTIME - RTCSTART) / (TB * 1000000)'

*

Generate timestamps by counting samples:

        asetpts=N/SR/TB

settb, asettb

Set the timebase to use for the output frames timestamps. It is mainly useful for testing timebase configuration.

It accepts the following parameters:

expr, tb: The expression which is evaluated into the output timebase.

The value for tb is an arithmetic expression representing a rational. The expression can contain the constants ``

AVTB''

(the default timebase), ``intb'' (the input timebase) and ``sr'' (the sample rate, audio only). Default value is ``intb''.

Examples

*

Set the timebase to 1/25:

        settb=expr=1/25

*

Set the timebase to 1/10:

        settb=expr=0.1

*

Set the timebase to 1001/1000:

        settb=1+0.001

*

Set the timebase to 2*intb:

        settb=2*intb

*

Set the default timebase value:

        settb=AVTB

showcqt

Convert input audio to a video output representing frequency spectrum logarithmically (using constant Q transform with Brown-Puckette algorithm), with musical tone scale, from E0 to D#10 (10 octaves).

The filter accepts the following options:

volume

Specify transform volume (multiplier) expression. The expression can contain variables:

frequency, freq, f: the frequency where transform is evaluated
timeclamp, tc: value of timeclamp option

and functions:

a_weighting(f): A-weighting of equal loudness
b_weighting(f): B-weighting of equal loudness
c_weighting(f): C-weighting of equal loudness

: Default value is 16.

tlength

Specify transform length expression. The expression can contain variables:

frequency, freq, f: the frequency where transform is evaluated
timeclamp, tc: value of timeclamp option

: Default value is "384/f*tc/(384/f+tc)".

timeclamp

Specify the transform timeclamp. At low frequency, there is trade-off between accuracy in time domain and frequency domain. If timeclamp is lower, event in time domain is represented more accurately (such as fast bass drum), otherwise event in frequency domain is represented more accurately (such as bass guitar). Acceptable value is [0.1, 1.0]. Default value is 0.17.

coeffclamp

Specify the transform coeffclamp. If coeffclamp is lower, transform is more accurate, otherwise transform is faster. Acceptable value is [0.1, 10.0]. Default value is 1.0.

gamma

Specify gamma. Lower gamma makes the spectrum more contrast, higher gamma makes the spectrum having more range. Acceptable value is [1.0, 7.0]. Default value is 3.0.

gamma2

Specify gamma of bargraph. Acceptable value is [1.0, 7.0]. Default value is 1.0.

fontfile

Specify font file for use with freetype. If not specified, use embedded font.

fontcolor

Specify font color expression. This is arithmetic expression that should return integer value 0xRRGGBB. The expression can contain variables:

frequency, freq, f: the frequency where transform is evaluated
timeclamp, tc: value of timeclamp option

and functions:

midi(f): midi number of frequency f, some midi numbers: E0(16), C1(24), C2(36), A4(69)
r(x), g(x), b(x): red, green, and blue value of intensity x

: Default value is "st(0, (midi(f)-59.5)/12); st(1, if(between(ld(0),0,1), 0.5-0.5*cos(2*PI*ld(0)), 0)); r(1-ld(1)) + b(ld(1))"

fullhd

If set to 1 (the default), the video size is 1920x1080 (full

), if set to 0, the video size is 960x540. Use this option to make

CPU

usage lower.

fps

Specify video fps. Default value is 25.

count

Specify number of transform per frame, so there are fps*count transforms per second. Note that audio data rate must be divisible by fps*count. Default value is 6.

Examples

*

Playing audio while showing the spectrum:

        ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=a.mp3, asplit [a][out1]; [a] showcqt [out0]'

*

Same as above, but with frame rate 30 fps:

        ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=a.mp3, asplit [a][out1]; [a] showcqt=fps=30:count=5 [out0]'

*

Playing at 960x540 and lower

CPU

usage:

        ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=a.mp3, asplit [a][out1]; [a] showcqt=fullhd=0:count=3 [out0]'

*

A1 and its harmonics: A1, A2, (near)E3, A3:

        ffplay -f lavfi 'aevalsrc=0.1*sin(2*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(4*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(6*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(8*PI*55*t),
                         asplit[a][out1]; [a] showcqt [out0]'

*

Same as above, but with more accuracy in frequency domain (and slower):

        ffplay -f lavfi 'aevalsrc=0.1*sin(2*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(4*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(6*PI*55*t)+0.1*sin(8*PI*55*t),
                         asplit[a][out1]; [a] showcqt=timeclamp=0.5 [out0]'

*

B-weighting of equal loudness

        volume=16*b_weighting(f)

*

Lower Q factor

        tlength=100/f*tc/(100/f+tc)

*

Custom fontcolor, C-note is colored green, others are colored blue

        fontcolor='if(mod(floor(midi(f)+0.5),12), 0x0000FF, g(1))'

*

Custom gamma, now spectrum is linear to the amplitude.

        gamma=2:gamma2=2

showfreqs

Convert input audio to video output representing the audio power spectrum. Audio amplitude is on Y-axis while frequency is on X-axis.

The filter accepts the following options:

size, s

Specify size of video. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default is "1024x512".

mode

Set display mode. This set how each frequency bin will be represented.

It accepts the following values:

line
bar
dot

: Default is "bar".

ascale

Set amplitude scale.

It accepts the following values:

lin: Linear scale.
sqrt: Square root scale.
cbrt: Cubic root scale.
log: Logarithmic scale.

: Default is "log".

fscale

Set frequency scale.

It accepts the following values:

lin: Linear scale.
log: Logarithmic scale.
rlog: Reverse logarithmic scale.

: Default is "lin".

win_size

Set window size.

It accepts the following values:

w16
w32
w64
w128
w256
w512
w1024
w2048
w4096
w8192
w16384
w32768
w65536

: Default is "w2048"

win_func

Set windowing function.

It accepts the following values:

rect
bartlett
hanning
hamming
blackman
welch
flattop
bharris
bnuttall
bhann
sine
nuttall

: Default is "hanning".

overlap

Set window overlap. In range "[0, 1]". Default is 1, which means optimal overlap for selected window function will be picked.

averaging

Set time averaging. Setting this to 0 will display current maximal peaks. Default is 1, which means time averaging is disabled.

color

Specify list of colors separated by space or by '|' which will be used to draw channel frequencies. Unrecognized or missing colors will be replaced by white color.

showspectrum

Convert input audio to a video output, representing the audio frequency spectrum.

The filter accepts the following options:

size, s

Specify the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default value is "640x512".

slide

Specify how the spectrum should slide along the window.

It accepts the following values:

replace: the samples start again on the left when they reach the right
scroll: the samples scroll from right to left
fullframe: frames are only produced when the samples reach the right

: Default value is "replace".

mode

Specify display mode.

It accepts the following values:

combined: all channels are displayed in the same row
separate: all channels are displayed in separate rows

: Default value is combined.

color

Specify display color mode.

It accepts the following values:

channel: each channel is displayed in a separate color
intensity: each channel is is displayed using the same color scheme

: Default value is channel.

scale

Specify scale used for calculating intensity color values.

It accepts the following values:

lin: linear
sqrt: square root, default
cbrt: cubic root
log: logarithmic

: Default value is sqrt.

saturation

Set saturation modifier for displayed colors. Negative values provide alternative color scheme. 0 is no saturation at all. Saturation must be in [-10.0, 10.0] range. Default value is 1.

win_func

Set window function.

It accepts the following values:

none: No samples pre-processing (do not expect this to be faster)
hann: Hann window
hamming: Hamming window
blackman: Blackman window

: Default value is "hann".

The usage is very similar to the showwaves filter; see the examples in that section.

Examples

*

Large window with logarithmic color scaling:

        showspectrum=s=1280x480:scale=log

*

Complete example for a colored and sliding spectrum per channel using ffplay:

        ffplay -f lavfi 'amovie=input.mp3, asplit [a][out1];
                     [a] showspectrum=mode=separate:color=intensity:slide=1:scale=cbrt [out0]'

showvolume

Convert input audio volume to a video output.

The filter accepts the following options:

rate, r

Set video rate.

b

Set border width, allowed range is [0, 5]. Default is 1.

w

Set channel width, allowed range is [40, 1080]. Default is 400.

h

Set channel height, allowed range is [1, 100]. Default is 20.

f

Set fade, allowed range is [1, 255]. Default is 20.

c

Set volume color expression.

The expression can use the following variables:

VOLUME: Current max volume of channel in dB.
CHANNEL: Current channel number, starting from 0.

t

If set, displays channel names. Default is enabled.

showwaves

Convert input audio to a video output, representing the samples waves.

The filter accepts the following options:

size, s

Specify the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default value is "600x240".

mode

Set display mode.

Available values are:

point: Draw a point for each sample.
line: Draw a vertical line for each sample.
p2p: Draw a point for each sample and a line between them.
cline: Draw a centered vertical line for each sample.

: Default value is "point".

n

Set the number of samples which are printed on the same column. A larger value will decrease the frame rate. Must be a positive integer. This option can be set only if the value for rate is not explicitly specified.

rate, r

Set the (approximate) output frame rate. This is done by setting the option n. Default value is ``25''.

split_channels

Set if channels should be drawn separately or overlap. Default value is 0.

Examples

*

Output the input file audio and the corresponding video representation at the same time:

        amovie=a.mp3,asplit[out0],showwaves[out1]

*

Create a synthetic signal and show it with showwaves, forcing a frame rate of 30 frames per second:

        aevalsrc=sin(1*2*PI*t)*sin(880*2*PI*t):cos(2*PI*200*t),asplit[out0],showwaves=r=30[out1]

showwavespic

Convert input audio to a single video frame, representing the samples waves.

The filter accepts the following options:

size, s: Specify the video size for the output. For the syntax of this option, check the ``Video size'' section in the ffmpeg-utils manual. Default value is "600x240".
split_channels: Set if channels should be drawn separately or overlap. Default value is 0.

Examples

*

Extract a channel split representation of the wave form of a whole audio track in a 1024x800 picture using ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i audio.flac -lavfi showwavespic=split_channels=1:s=1024x800 waveform.png

split, asplit

Split input into several identical outputs.

"asplit" works with audio input, "split" with video.

The filter accepts a single parameter which specifies the number of outputs. If unspecified, it defaults to 2.

Examples

*

Create two separate outputs from the same input:

        [in] split [out0][out1]

*

To create 3 or more outputs, you need to specify the number of outputs, like in:

        [in] asplit=3 [out0][out1][out2]

*

Create two separate outputs from the same input, one cropped and one padded:

        [in] split [splitout1][splitout2];
        [splitout1] crop=100:100:0:0    [cropout];
        [splitout2] pad=200:200:100:100 [padout];

*

Create 5 copies of the input audio with ffmpeg:

        ffmpeg -i INPUT -filter_complex asplit=5 OUTPUT

zmq, azmq

Receive commands sent through a libzmq client, and forward them to filters in the filtergraph.

"zmq" and "azmq" work as a pass-through filters. "zmq" must be inserted between two video filters, "azmq" between two audio filters.

To enable these filters you need to install the libzmq library and headers and configure FFmpeg with "--enable-libzmq".

For more information about libzmq see: <www.zeromq.org>

The "zmq" and "azmq" filters work as a libzmq server, which receives messages sent through a network interface defined by the bind_address option.

The received message must be in the form:

        <TARGET> <COMMAND> [<ARG>]

TARGET

specifies the target of the command, usually the name of the filter class or a specific filter instance name.

COMMAND

specifies the name of the command for the target filter.

ARG

is optional and specifies the optional argument list for the given

COMMAND

Upon reception, the message is processed and the corresponding command is injected into the filtergraph. Depending on the result, the filter will send a reply to the client, adopting the format:

        <ERROR_CODE> <ERROR_REASON>
        <MESSAGE>

MESSAGE

is optional.

Examples

Look at tools/zmqsend for an example of a zmq client which can be used to send commands processed by these filters.

Consider the following filtergraph generated by ffplay

        ffplay -dumpgraph 1 -f lavfi "
        color=s=100x100:c=red  [l];
        color=s=100x100:c=blue [r];
        nullsrc=s=200x100, zmq [bg];
        [bg][l]   overlay      [bg+l];
        [bg+l][r] overlay=x=100 "

To change the color of the left side of the video, the following command can be used:

        echo Parsed_color_0 c yellow | tools/zmqsend

To change the right side:

        echo Parsed_color_1 c pink | tools/zmqsend

MULTIMEDIA SOURCES

Below is a description of the currently available multimedia sources.

amovie

This is the same as movie source, except it selects an audio stream by default.

movie

Read audio and/or video stream(s) from a movie container.

It accepts the following parameters:

filename: The name of the resource to read (not necessarily a file; it can also be a device or a stream accessed through some protocol).
format_name, f: Specifies the format assumed for the movie to read, and can be either the name of a container or an input device. If not specified, the format is guessed from movie_name or by probing.
seek_point, sp: Specifies the seek point in seconds. The frames will be output starting from this seek point. The parameter is evaluated with "av_strtod", so the numerical value may be suffixed by an
IS
postfix. The default value is ``0''.
streams, s: Specifies the streams to read. Several streams can be specified, separated by ``+''. The source will then have as many outputs, in the same order. The syntax is explained in the ``Stream specifiers'' section in the ffmpeg manual. Two special names, ``dv'' and ``da'' specify respectively the default (best suited) video and audio stream. Default is ``dv'', or ``da'' if the filter is called as ``amovie''.
stream_index, si: Specifies the index of the video stream to read. If the value is -1, the most suitable video stream will be automatically selected. The default value is ``-1''. Deprecated. If the filter is called ``amovie'', it will select audio instead of video.
loop: Specifies how many times to read the stream in sequence. If the value is less than 1, the stream will be read again and again. Default value is ``1''.
Note that when the movie is looped the source timestamps are not changed, so it will generate non monotonically increasing timestamps.

It allows overlaying a second video on top of the main input of a filtergraph, as shown in this graph:

        input -----------> deltapts0 --> overlay --> output
                                            ^
                                            |
        movie --> scale--> deltapts1 -------+

Examples

*

Skip 3.2 seconds from the start of the

AVI

file in.avi, and overlay it on top of the input labelled ``in'':

        movie=in.avi:seek_point=3.2, scale=180:-1, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [over];
        [in] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [main];
        [main][over] overlay=16:16 [out]

*

Read from a video4linux2 device, and overlay it on top of the input labelled ``in'':

        movie=/dev/video0:f=video4linux2, scale=180:-1, setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [over];
        [in] setpts=PTS-STARTPTS [main];
        [main][over] overlay=16:16 [out]

*

Read the first video stream and the audio stream with id 0x81 from dvd.vob; the video is connected to the pad named ``video'' and the audio is connected to the pad named ``audio'':

        movie=dvd.vob:s=v:0+#0x81 [video] [audio]

AUTHORS

The FFmpeg developers.

For details about the authorship, see the Git history of the project (git://source.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg e.g. by typing the command git log in the FFmpeg source directory, or browsing the online repository at <source.ffmpeg.org>.

Maintainers for the specific components are listed in the file

MAINTAINERS

in the source code tree.