cfgmaker (1)

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NAME

cfgmaker - Creates mrtg.cfg files (for mrtg-2.17.4)

SYNOPSIS

cfgmaker [options] [community@]router [[options] [community@]router ...]

OPTIONS

 --ifref=name      interface references by Interface Name (default)
 --ifref=ip                         ... by Ip Address
 --ifref=eth                        ... by Ethernet Number
 --ifref=descr                      ... by Interface Description
 --ifref=nr                         ... by Interface Number
 --ifref=type                       ... by Interface Type
                You may also use multiple options separated by commas,
               in which case the first available one is used:
               e.g.  --ifref=ip,name,nr

 --ifdesc=nr       interface description uses Interface Number (default)
 --ifdesc=ip                        ... uses Ip Address
 --ifdesc=eth                       ... uses Ethernet Number
 --ifdesc=descr                     ... uses Interface Description
 --ifdesc=name                      ... uses Interface Name
 --ifdesc=catname                   ... uses CatOS Interface Name
 --ifdesc=ppname                    ... uses Passport Port Name
 --ifdesc=alias                     ... uses Interface Alias
 --ifdesc=type                      ... uses Interface Type
                You may also use multiple options separated by commas,
               in which case the first available one is used:
               e.g.  --ifdesc=catname,ppname,descr,alias,ip,name,nr

 --if-filter=f     Test every interface against filter f to decide wether
                   or not to include that interface into the collection.
                   Currently f is being evaluated as a Perl expression
                   and it's truth value is used to reject or accept the
                   interface.
                   (Experimental, under development, might change)

 --if-template=templatefile
                   Replace the normal target entries for the interfaces
                   with an entry as specified by the contents in the file
                   templatefile.  The file is supposed to contain Perl
                   code to be executed to generate the lines for the
                   target in the configuration file.
                   (Experimental, under development, might change)

 --host-template=templatefile
                   In addition to creating targets for a host's interfaces
                   do also create targets for the host itself as specified
                   by the contents in the file templatefile.  The file is
                   supposed to contain Perl code to be executed to generate
                   the lines for the host related targets (such as CPU,
                   ping response time measurements etc.) in the config-
                   uration file.
                   (Experimental, under development, might change)

 --global "x: a"   add global config entries

 --no-down         do not look at admin or opr status of interfaces

 --show-op-down    show interfaces which are operatively down

 --zero-speed=spd  use this speed in bits-per-second as the interface
                   speed for all interfaces that return a speed of 0
                   via ifSpeed/ifHighSpeed.  100Mbps = 100000000

 --subdirs=format  give each router its own subdirectory, naming each per
                   "format", in which HOSTNAME and SNMPNAME will be
                   replaced by the values of those items -- for instance,
                   --subdirs=HOSTNAME or --subdirs="HOSTNAME (SNMPNAME)"

 --noreversedns    do not reverse lookup ip numbers

 --community=cmty  Set the default community string to "cmty" instead of
                   "public".

 --enable-ipv6     Enable IPv6 support, if the required libraries are
                   present. Numeric IPv6 addresses must be enclosed
                   in square brackets, e.g. public@[2001:760:4::1]:161

 --use-16bit       Use 16bit SNMP request IDs to query all routers.

 --snmp-options=:[<port>][:[<tmout>][:[<retr>][:[<backoff>][:<ver>]]]]

                   Specify default SNMP options to be appended to all
                   routers following.  Individual fields can be empty.
                   Routers following might override some or all of the
           options given to --snmp-options.

 --dns-domain=domain
           Specifies a domain to append to the name of all
           routers following.

 --nointerfaces    Don't do generate any configuration lines for interfaces,
                   skip the step of gathering interface information and
                   don't run any interface template code.

 --interfaces      Generate configuration lines for interfaces (this is the
                   default).  The main purpose of this option is to negate
                   an --nointerfaces appearing earlier on the command line.

 --help            brief help message
 --man             full documentation
 --version         print the version of cfgmaker

 --output=file     output filename default is STDOUT

DESCRIPTION

Cfgmaker creates configuration files based on information pulled from a router or another manageable device.

[community@]router

Community is the community name of the device you want to create a configuration for. If not specified, it defaults to 'public'; you might want to try this first if you do not know the community name of a device. If you are using the wrong community name you will get no response from the device.

Router is the

name or the number of an SNMP-managable device. Following the name you can specify 6 further options separated by colons. The full syntax looks like this:

router[:[prt][:[tmout][:[retr][:[backoff][:vers]]]]]

Of special interest may be the last parameter, vers. If you set this to '2' then your device will be queried with

version 2 requests. This allows you to poll the 64 bit traffic counters in the device and will thus work much better with fast interfaces (no more counter overrun). Note that the order in which the routers are specified on the command line do matter as the same order is used when the configuration file is generated. The first specified router has it's configuration lines genrated first, followed by the lines belonging to the next router and so on.

Note that the first line of the generated cfg file will contain all the commandline options you used for generating it. This is to allow for the easy 'regeneration' in case you want to add newhosts or make some other global change.

Configuration

Except for the --output and --global options, all options affect only the routers following them on the command line. If an option specified earlier on the command line reappears later on the command line with another value, the new value overrides the old value as far as remaining routers are concerned. This way options might be tailored for groups of routers or for individual routers.

See --output and --global for how their behaviour is affected by where or how many times they appear on the command line.

See the Examples below on how to set an option differently for multiple routers.

--help

Print a brief help message and exit.

--man

Prints the manual page and exits.

--version

Print the version of cfgmaker. This should match the version of

MRTG

for which config files are being created.

--ifref nr|ip|eth|descr|name

Select the interface identification method. Default is nr which identifies the router interfaces by their number. Unfortunately the interface numbering scheme in an

SNMP

tree can change. Some routers change their numbering when new interfaces are added, others change thier numbering every full moon just for fun.

To work around this sad problem

MRTG

can identify interfaces by 4 other properties. None of these works for all interfaces, but you should be able to find one which does fine for you. Note that especially ethernet addrsses can be problematic as some routers have the same ethernet address on most of their interface cards.

Select ip to identify the interface by its

IP

number. Use eth to use the ethernet address for identification. Use descr to use the Interface description. Or use name to use the Interface name.

You can specify multiple properties if you wish, separated by commas. In this case, cfgmaker will use the first item in the list which can provide unique identification. This allows you to specify, for example, to use

IP

address and to use ifName if this is not defined:
  --ifref ip,name

If your chosen method does not allow unique interface identification on the device you are querying, cfgmaker will tell you about it.

--ifdesc nr|ip|eth|descr|name|type|alias

Select what to use as the description of the interface. The description appears in the "Title[]" property for the target as well as the text header in the

HTML

code defined in the target's "PageTop[]". Default is to use nr which is just the interface number which isn't always useful to the viewer of the graphs.

There are 6 other properties which could be used. Use ip if you want to use the interface's IP-address. Use eth if you want to use the interface's ethernet address. If you want a better description, you can use either descr, name or alias. Exactly what each of these do varies between different equipment so you might need to experiment. For instance, for a serial interface on a Cisco router running

IOS

using name might result in "S0" being the interface description , descr might result in "Serial0" and alias might result in "Link to HQ" (provided that is what is used as the interface's "description" in the router's configuration).

Finally, if you want to describe the interface by it's Btype (i.e "ethernetCSMA", "propPointtoPoint" etc) you can use type.

You can specify multiple properties if you wish, separated by commas. In this case, cfgmaker will use the first item in the list which is available for this interface. This allows you to specify, for example, to use any of the different aliases in order of preference.

--if-filter 'filter-expression'

First of all, this is under some development and is experimental.

Use this if you want to have better control over what interfaces gets included into the configuration. The filter-expression is evaluated as a piece of Perl code and is expected to return a truth value. If true, include the interface and if false, exclude the interface.

For a further discussion on how these filters work, see the section ``Details on Filters'' below.

--if-template template-file

First of all, this is under some development and is experimental.

Use this if you want to control what the line for each target should look like in the configuration file. The contents of the file template-file will be evaluated as a Perl program which generates the lines using certain variables for input and output.

For a further discussion on how these templates work, see the section ``Details on Temaplates'' below.

--host-template template-file

First of all, this is under some development and is experimental.

Use this if you want to have some extra targets related to the host itself such as

CPU

utilization, ping response time to the host, number of busy modems etc. The contents of the file template-file will be evaluated once per host as a Perl program which generates the lines using certain variables for input and output.

For a further discussion on how these templates work, see the section ``Details on Templates'' below.

--community community-string

Use this to set the community for the routers following on the command line to community-string. Individual routers might overrride this community string by using the syntax community@router.

--enable-ipv6

This option enables IPv6 support. It requires the appropriate perl modules; if they are not found then IPv6 is disabled (see the ipv6 documentation).

cfgmaker will use IPv6 or IPv4 depending on the target. If the target is a numeric address, the protocol depends on the type of address. If the target is a hostname, cfgmaker will try to resolve the name first to an IPv6 address then to an IPv4 address.

IPv6 numeric addresses must be specified between square braces.

For example:

 cfgmaker --enable-ipv6 [2001:760:4::1]:165:::2

If the target has both an IPv6 address and an IPv4 address with the same hostname, cfgmaker first queries the target using IPv6 and falls back to IPv4 if it fails. This is useful for targets which don't support

SNMP

over IPv6.

--use-16bit

This option forces the use of 16bit

SNMP

request IDs. Some broken

SNMP

agents do not accept 32bit request IDs. Try to avoid this option as much as possible, complain to your agent vendor instead.

--snmp-options :[port][:[timeout][:[retries][:[backoff][:version]]]]

Use this to set the default

SNMP

options for all routers following on the command line. Individual values might be omitted as well as trailing colons. Note that routers might override individual (or all) values specified by --snmp-options by using the syntax

router[:[port][:[timeout][:[retries][:[backoff][:version]]]]]

--global bla: abc

Use this to add global options to the generated config file. You can call --global several times to add multiple options. The line will appear in the configuration just before the config for the next router appearing on the command line.

 --global "workdir: /home/mrtg"

If you want some default Options you might want to put

 --global "options[_]: growright,bits"

Specifying --global after the last router on the command line will create a line in the configuration file which will appear after all the routers.

--noreversedns

Do not try to reverse lookup

IP

numbers ... a must for

DNS

free environments.

--no-down

Normally cfgmaker will not include interfaces which are marked anything but administratively and operationally

UP

. With this switch you get them all.

--show-op-down

Include interfaces which are operatively down.

--zero-speed speed

Assign this speed in bits-per-second to all interfaces which return 0 for ifSpeed and ifHighSpeed. Some switches, notably Foundry equipment, return a speed of zero for some interfaces. For example, to have all interfaces reporting zero set to 100Mbps, use --zero-speed=100000000.

--subdirs format

Give each router its own subdirectory for the

HTML

and graphics (or .rrd) files. The directory name is the given format string with a couple of pattern replacements. The string ``

HOSTNAME

'' will be replaced by the hostname of the router (however you specified it on the cfgmaker commandline --- it may be an actual hostname or just an

IP

address), and ``

SNMPNAME

'' will be replaced with the device's idea of its own name (the same name that appears on the right side of the ``Title'' lines). For instance, a call like:

 cfgmaker --subdirs=HOSTNAME__SNMPNAME public@10.10.0.18

would result in the generation of lines looking something like:

 Directory[10.10.0.18_1]: 10.10.0.18__fp2200-bothrip-1.3

--output file

Write the output from cfgmaker into the file file. The default is to use "STDOUT". --output is expected to appear only once on the command line. If used multiple times, the file specified by the last --output will be used.

--nointerfaces

Don't generate configuration lines for interfaces.

This makes cfgmaker skip all steps related to interfaces which means it will not do any polling of the router to retrieve interface information which speeds up the execution of cfgmaker and it will neither run any interface templates.

--interfaces

This makes cfgmaker generate configuration lines for interfaces (the default behaviour).

The main usage of this option is to negate an --nointerfaces appearing earlier on the command line.

SNMP

V3 Options

Cfgmaker supports V3 using the Net:SNMP perl module. There are optional parameters affecting operation.

--enablesnmpv3 {yes|no}

The --enablesnmpv3 option is an optional flag to check for the presence of the Net::SNMP libraries. Cfgmaker will try to determine whether this flag is required and will set the values automatically.

SNMPv3 Arguments

A

context is a collection of management information accessible by a entity. An item of management information may exist in more than one context and a entity potentially has access to many contexts. The combination of a contextEngineID and a contextName unambiguously identifies a context within an administrative domain. In a SNMPv3 message, the contextEngineID and contextName are included as part of the scopedPDU. All methods that generate a message optionally take a --contextengineid and --contextname argument to configure these fields.

Context Engine

ID

The --contextengineid argument expects a hexadecimal string representing the desired contextEngineID. The string must be 10 to 64 characters (5 to 32 octets) long and can be prefixed with an optional ``0x''. Once the --contextengineid is specified it stays with the object until it is changed again or reset to default by passing in the undefined value. By default, the contextEngineID is set to match the authoritativeEngineID of the authoritative

SNMP

engine.

Context Name

The contextName is passed as a string which must be 0 to 32 octets in length using the --contextname argument. The contextName stays with the object until it is changed. The contextName defaults to an empty string which represents the ``default'' context.

User-based Security Model Arguments

The User-based Security Model (

) used by SNMPv3 requires that a securityName be specified using the --username argument. The creation of a Net::SNMP object with the version set to SNMPv3 will fail if the --username argument is not present. The --username argument expects a string 1 to 32 octets in length.

Different levels of security are allowed by the User-based Security Model which address authentication and privacy concerns. A SNMPv3 target will derive the security level (securityLevel) based on which of the following arguments are specified.

By default a securityLevel of 'noAuthNoPriv' is assumed. If the --authkey or --authpassword arguments are specified, the securityLevel becomes 'authNoPriv'. The --authpassword argument expects a string which is at least 1 octet in length. Optionally, the --authkey argument can be used so that a plain text password does not have to be specified in a script. The --authkey argument expects a hexadecimal string produced by localizing the password with the authoritativeEngineID for the specific destination device. The "snmpkey" utility included with the Net::SNMP distribution can be used to create the hexadecimal string (see snmpkey).

Two different hash algorithms are defined by SNMPv3 which can be used by the Security Model for authentication. These algorithms are

``'' ( 1321) and ``'' ( 180-1). The default algorithm used by the module is . This behavior can be changed by using the --authprotocol argument. This argument expects either the string 'md5' or 'sha' to be passed to modify the hash algorithm.

By specifying the arguments --privkey or --privpassword the securityLevel associated with the object becomes 'authPriv'. According to SNMPv3, privacy requires the use of authentication. Therefore, if either of these two arguments are present and the --authkey or --authpassword arguments are missing, the creation of the object fails. The --privkey and --privpassword arguments expect the same input as the --authkey and --authpassword arguments respectively.

The User-based Security Model described in

3414 defines a single encryption protocol to be used for privacy. This protocol, CBC-DES ``'' ( 46-1), is used by default or if the string 'des' is passed to the --privprotocol argument. By working with the Extended Security Options Consortium www.snmp.com/eso the module also supports additional protocols which have been defined in draft specifications. The draft www.snmp.com/eso/draft-reeder-snmpv3-usm-3desede-00.txt defines the support of ``Triple-DES'' ( 46-3) in the User-based Security Model. This protocol can be selected using the --privprotocol argument with the string '3desede'. The draft www.snmp.com/eso/draft-blumenthal-aes-usm-04.txt describes the use of ``'' ( 197) in the . The three encryption protocols, differentiated by their key sizes, can be selected by passing 'aescfb128', 'aescfb192', or 'aescfb256' to the -privprotocol argument.

Details on Filters

The purpose of the filters is to decide which interfaces to accept and which interfaces to reject. This decision is done for each interface by evaluating the filter expression as a piece of Perl code and investigating the result of the evaluation. If true, accept the interface otherwise reject it.

When working with filters, remember that Perl has it's own idea of what truth and false is. The empty string "`` and the string ''0" are false, all other strings are true. This further imples that any integer value of 0 is false as well as any undef value. It also implies that all references are considered true.

As the filter is evaluated as a Perl expression, several useful constructs in Perl are worth mentioning:

Expressions might be grouped by using parentheses ``()''. Expressions might be combined using boolean operators such as the following:

and (equivalent with &&)

Boolean ``and'' of the two expressions, is only true if both expressions are true. Example: expression1 and expression2

or (equivalent with ||)

Boolean ``or'' of the two expressions, is true if either or both expressions are true. Example: expression1 or expression2

not (equivalent with !)

Boolean negation of a single expression. Example: not expression . Yet another example: !expression

(For more details on this I recommend a book on Perl)

Predefined Filter Variables

To facilitate, there are a number of predefined values available to use in the filter. Note that these variables are also available when templates interfaces are evaluated (but not host templates).

Caveat: All these variables' names begin with a dollar sign ($), which is a syntactic requirement for scalar variables in Perl. The danger here is that the dollar sign in many shells is an active character (often used for shell variables exactly as in Perl variables) so it is important to ensure that the Perl expression isn't evaluated by the command line shell as shell code before being passed to cfgmaker as command line arguments. In shells like Bourne shell, ksh shell or bash shell, placing the entire expression within single qoutes will avoid such accidental evaluation:

 '--if-filter=($default_iftype && $if_admin)'

$if_type

This is an integer specifying the interface type as per the

SNMP

standards and as reported by the polled device. A complete list of interface types would be impractical for this document , but there are a number predefined varables below. Normally, cfgmaker puts in the target's PageTop this iftype value within paranthesis after the name of the interface type. (e.g ``propPointToPointSerial (22)'').

Here's a list of some of the most common interface types by number:

   6 ethernetCsmacd
   7 iso88023Csmacd
   9 iso88025TokenRing
  15 fddi
  19 E1
  20 basicISDN
  21 primaryISDN
  22 propPointToPointSerial
  23 ppp
  24 softwareLoopback
  30 ds3
  32 frame-relay
  33 rs232
  37 atm
  39 sonet
  44 frameRelayService
  46 hssi
  49 aal5
  53 propVirtual
  62 Fast Ethernet (100BaseT)
  63 ISDN & X.25
  69 Full Duplex Fast Ethernet (100BaseFX)
  94 Asymetric Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL)
 117 Gigabit Ethernet
 134 ATM Sub Interface

$default

True if and only if cfgmaker normally should accepted the interface based on the interfaces administrative and operational state (taking the flags --no-down and --show-op-down into account) and it's type (and a few other things).

$default_ifstate

True if and only if cfgmaker would have accepted the interface based on it's operational and administrative states (also taking into account the presence of the flags --no-down and --show-op-down).

$default_iftype

True if and only if cfgmaker would have accepted the interface based on it's type (and a few type specific details in addition).

$if_admin

True if and only if the interface is in an adminstrative up state.

$if_oper

True if and only if the interface is in an operational up state.

A number of variables are also predefined to easily decide if an interface belong to a certain cathegory or not. Below is all those variables listed together with which if_type numbers each variable will be true for. Note that some variables refer to other variables as well.

$if_is_ethernet

True for ethernet interfaces (nr 6, 7, 26, 62, 69 and 117).

$if_is_isdn

True for various

ISDN

interface types (nr 20, 21, 63, 75, 76 and 77)

$if_is_dialup

True for dial-up interfaces such as

PPP

as well as

ISDN

. (nr 23, 81, 82 and 108 in addition to the numbers of $if_is_isdn).

$if_is_atm

True for miscellaneous

ATM

related interface types (nr 37, 49, 107, 105, 106, 114 and 134).

$if_is_wan

True for

WAN

interfaces point to point, Frame Relay and High Speed Serial ( 22,32,44,46)

$if_is_lan

True for

LAN

interfaces (8, 9, 11, 15, 26, 55, 59, 60 and 115 in addition to the numbers of $if_is_ethernet).

$if_is_dsl

True for

ADSL

,

RDSL

,

HDSL

and

SDSL

(nr 94, 95, 96, 97)

$if_is_loopback

True for software loopback interfaces (nr 24)

$if_is_ciscovlan

True for Cisco

VLAN

interfaces (interfaces with the word Vlan or

VLAN

in their ifdescs)

$if_vlan_id

Returns the vlan id associated with a specific port on Cisco Catalyst switches under both Catalyst

OS

and

IOS

, and 3Com switches. If it is not a vlan interface, will return undef.

$if_cisco_trunk

Returns the trunking state of a specific port on Cisco Catalyst switches under both Catalyst

OS

and

IOS

. Returns ``1'' if the interface is a trunk, undef otherwise.

$if_MTU

Returns the Maximum Transfer Unit associated with a specific port.

Besides that, you can also use the variables defined for templates below. Further, all the variables available in cfgmaker is at the scripts disposal even if the use of such features is discouraged. More ``shortcuts'' in the form of variables and functions will be made available in the future instead.

Examples on Filters

The following filter will not affect which interfaces get's included or excluded, it will make cfgmaker behave as normally.

 '--if-filter=$default'

The following filter will make cfgmaker exclude

(23) interfaces:

 '--if-filter=$default && $if_type!=23'

The following filter will make cfgmaker behave as usual except that it will consider the operational state of an interface irrelevant but still reject all interfaces which are administratively down.

 '--if-filter=$if_admin && $default_iftype'

Details on Templates

The contents of the template files are evaluated as a Perl program. A number or Perl variables are available for the program to read and others are used to be written to.

As quite a few of the predefined variables has values which are are supposed to be used in

code some of them have an ``HTML-escaped'' variant, e.g $html_syslocation is the escaped variant of $syslocation. The escaping means that the chars ``<'', ``>'' and ``&'' are replaced by ``&lt;'', ``&gt;'' and ``&amp;'' and that newlines embedded in the string are prepended with ``<>'' and appended with a space character (if a newline is last in the string it is not touched).

Writable Template Variables

These are the variables available to store the configuration lines in. Some of them are initialized prior to the evaluation of the template but such content normally is comments for inclusion in the final configuration file so those variables might be reset to the empty string in the template code to eliminate the comments. The other way around is also possible, the contents of these variables might be extended with further information for various reasons such as debugging etc.

Once the template has been evaluated, the following happens: if the template is a interface template and the actual interface for some reason is rejected and thus needs to be commented out, all the lines in the variable $target_lines are turned into comments by adding a hash mark (``#'') at their beginning. Then all the variables $head_lines, $problem_lines , $target_lines and $separator_lines are concatenated together to form the lines to add to the configuration file.

$target_lines

This variable is the placeholder for the configuration lines created by the template. $target_lines is predefined to be empty when the template code is evaluated.

$head_lines

This variable is intended to be the placeholder for the comment line appearing just before the target in the configuration file. It is initialized with that comment line before the evaluation of the template code and if the template doesn't modify $head_lines during evaluation, the comment will look like usual in the config file.

$problem_lines

This variable is intended to be the placholder for the comment lines describing any problems which might have been encountered when trying to add the target into the configuration. For host templates it's normally not used and for those it's predefined as the empty string. For interface templates $problem_lines is predefined with the error description comments which cfgmaker normally would use for rejected interfaces or as the empty string for accepted interfaces.

It is possible to test against $problem_lines to find out if an interface will be included or rejected but this is not recommended. Test against $if_ok instead.

$separator_lines

This variable is the placeholder for the string to use as the separator between the code for individual targets. The contents of this variable is put after each target (so the lines will appear after the end of the last target in the config as well).

Predefined Template Variables

All the variables below are available for interface templates to use. For host templates, only those listed under ``Host and System Variables'' are available.

For interface templates the variables listed under ``Predefined Filter Variables'' are also available.

Host and System Variables

$router_name

This is the fully qualified name for the router. It is affected by the following items on the command line: the router name itself and --dns-domain.

$router_connect

This is the reference string for the router being polled. It is on the form community@router possibly followed by some snmp options. It is affected by the following items on the command line: the router name itself, --community, --snmp-options and --dns-domain. (There's no

HTML

escaped variant available)

$directory_name

This variable should contain the directory name as cfgmaker normally would use as the value for the ``Directory[]'' directive. The value is determined by the --subdirs command line option. If --subdirs isn't specified $directory_name will be the empty string. (There's no

HTML

escaped variant available)

$syscontact

This variable is the router's

SNMP

sysContact value. (

HTML

escaped variant: $html_syscontact)

$sysname

This variable is the router's

SNMP

sysName value. (No

HTML

escaped variant available)

$syslocation

This variable is the router's

SNMP

sysLocation value. (

HTML

escaped variant: $html_syslocation)

$sysdescr

This variable is the router's

SNMP

sysDescr value. It is normally not used by cfgmaker but might be useful in a template. (

HTML

escaped variant: $html_sysdescr)

Interface Target Related Variables

$target_name

This is what cfgmaker normally would use as the the name of the target. The target name is what is found within the square brackets, ``[]'', for target directives. (There's no

HTML

escaped variant available)

$if_ref

This the reference string for the interface. It is expected to be used in the ``Target[xyz]'' directive to distinguish what interface to use. The value of this variable is affected by the --ifref command line option. It is normally used together with $router_connect. (There's no

HTML

escaped variant available)

$if_ok

This variable is true if the interface is going to be included into the configuration file, otherwise false. Don't test against other variables such as $problem_lines to find out if an interface will be rejected or not, use this $if_ok instead.

$default_target_lines

This variable contains all the target lines which cfgmaker by default outputs for this interface. It's useful if you want to have the ``standard target'' but want to add some extra lines to it by using a template.

By default cfgmaker uses the following directives for each target it generates: Target[], SetEnv[], MaxBytes[], Title[], PageTop[] and if there is any directory specified also the Directory[] directive.

To facilitate the creation of templates which generates target configs which are similar to the default one, each of the above mentioned directive lines have a corresponding variable containing the line as cfgmaker would have output it by default.

Note that none of these have a

escaped variant, text in them is escaped where needed. Also note that they do not have any newline at the end.

$default_target_directive

This variable contains the default string for the Target[] directive line.

$default_setenv_directive

This variable contains the default string for the SetEnv[] directive line.

$default_directory_directive

This variable contains the default string for the Directory[] directive line which means it is an empty string (with no newline) if there's no directory.

$default_maxbytes_directive

This variable contains the default string for the MaxBytes[] directive line.

$default_title_directive

This variable contains the default string for the Title[] directive line.

$default_pagetop_directive

This variable contains the default string for the PageTop[] directive lines.

Interface Network Configuration Variables

$if_ip

This variable should contain the IP-address of the interface, if any has been assigned to it. (There's no

HTML

escaped variant available)

$ifindex

This variable is the

SNMP

ifIndex for the interface which per definition always is an integer. (There's no

HTML

escaped variant available)

$if_index

Equivalent with $ifindex.

$if_eth

Contains the ethernet address of the interface, if any. (There's no

HTML

escaped variant available)

$if_speed

This variable is the speed in bytes/second (with prefixes). (There's no

HTML

escaped variant available)

$if_speed_str

This variable is a cooked speed description which is either in bits or bytes depending on wether or not the bits option is active and also with the proper prefix for the speed (k, M, G etc). (No

HTML

escaped variant available)

$if_type_desc

This variable is a textual description of the interface type. (

HTML

escaped variant: $html_if_type_desc)

$if_type_num

This variable the integer value corresponding to the interface type (for a listing for the value for the more common interface types, see the section

DETAILS

ON

FILTERS

above). (No

HTML

escaped variant available)

$if_dns_name

This is the

DNS

name for the interface. (No

HTML

escaped variant available)

Interface Name, Description and Alias Variables

It might seem confusing with both Name, Description and Alias in this context and to some extent it is. Name and Description are usually supported on most equipment but how they are used varies, both between manufacturers as well as between different cathegories of equipment from the same manufacturer. The Alias is at least supported by Cisco

, and that variable contains whatever is used in the statement called ``description'' for the interface (not to be confused with the variables for Description).

For better control from the command line consider $if_title_desc which contents are controlled by the --if-descr command line option.

$if_snmp_descr

This variable should contain the ``raw'' description of the interface as determined by the

SNMP

polling of the router. (

HTML

escaped variant: $html_if_snmp_descr)

$if_snmp_name

The ``raw'' name for the interface as provided by

SNMP

polling. (

HTML

escaped variant: $html_if_snmp_name)

$if_snmp_alias

The ``raw'' ifAlias for the interface as provided by

SNMP

polling. (

HTML

escaped variant: $html_if_snmp_alias)

$if_cisco_descr

The ``raw'' CiscolocIfDescr for the interface as provided by

SNMP

polling. (

HTML

escaped variant: $html_if_cisco_descr)

$if_description

This is the ``cooked'' description string for the interface, taking into account the

SNMP

values found for the interface's RDescr, ifAlias and CiscolocIfDescr. (

HTML

escaped variant: $html_if_description)

$if_title

The full string cfgmaker by default would have used for the Title[] directive in the configuration as well as the content of the topmost H1 tag in the PageTop[]. Is composed by the contents of $desc_prefix, $if_title_desc and $sysname.

As $if_title depends on $if_title_desc, it is possible to indirectly control $if_title by using the command line option --if-descr.

(

HTML

escaped variant: $html_if_title)

$if_port_name

If the host is a Cisco Catalyst

LAN

switch, this variable is the name of that port. (No

HTML

escaped variant available)

$if_pp_port_name

If the host is a Nortel Passport

LAN

switch, this variable is the name of that port. (No

HTML

escaped variant available)

$desc_prefix

This variable is a prefix of the description of what the target is to use in the ``Title[]'' directive and in the H1 section of the ``PageTop[]''. Default is ``Traffic analysis for ''. (

HTML

escaped variant: $html_desc_prefix)

$if_title_desc

This is the description of the interface normally used by cfgmaker as part of the variable $if_title. The latter is used as the full string in the ``Title[]'' directove and the H1 section in the PageTop[].

$if_title_desc is controlled by the command line option --if-descr which indirectly controls the contents of $if_title

(

HTML

escaped variant: $html_if_title_desc)

Help Functions for Templates

The following functions exists to facilitate the writing of host and interface templates.

html_escape(string)

html_escape() takes a string as an argument and returns a new string where the following substitutions has been done: the chars ``<'', ``>'' and ``&'' are replaced by ``&lt;'', ``&gt;'' and ``&amp;'' and that newlines embedded in the string are prepended with ``<

BR

>'' and appended with a space character (newlines at the end of the string are not touched).

oid_pick($router_connect,$v3opt,oid1,oid2...)

This function will try to poll each of the oids specified until it is successful or has run out of oids. It will return the name of the first oid that worked or undef if it is not successful

Example Template Files

Template Example 1: Eliminating Rejected Targets From Appearing

This template file generates exactly the same configuration code per interface as cfgmaker does by default, with the exception that it eliminates all lines (comments as well as config code) for an interface if the interface happens to be rejected.

 if(not $problem_lines)
 {
   $target_lines .= <<ECHO;

 Target[$target_name]: $if_ref:$router_connect
 SetEnv[$target_name]: MRTG_INT_IP="$if_ip" MRTG_INT_DESCR="$if_snmp_descr"
 ECHO

   if ($directory_name) {
       $target_lines .= "Directory[$target_name]: $directory_name\n";
   }

   $target_lines .= <<ECHO;
 MaxBytes[$target_name]: $if_speed
 Title[$target_name]: $html_desc_prefix$html_if_title_desc -- $sysname
 PageTop[$target_name]: <h1>$html_desc_prefix$html_if_title_desc -- $sysname</h1>
                <div id="sysdetails">
                        <table>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>System:</td>
                                        <td>$sysname in $html_syslocation</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Maintainer:</td>
                                        <td>$html_syscontact</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Description:</td>
                                        <td>$html_if_description</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>ifType:</td>
                                        <td>$html_if_type_desc ($if_type_num)</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>ifName:</td>
                                        <td>$html_if_snmp_name</td>
                                </tr>
 ECHO

   $target_lines .= <<ECHO if defined $if_port_name;
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Port Name:</td>
                                        <td>$if_port_name</td>
                                </tr>
 ECHO

   $target_lines .= <<ECHO if defined $if_pp_port_name;
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Port Name:</td>
                                        <td>$if_pp_port_name</td>
                                </tr>
 ECHO

   $target_lines .= <<ECHO;
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Max Speed:</td>
                                        <td>$if_speed_str</td>
                                </tr>
 ECHO

   $target_lines .= <<ECHO if $if_ip;
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Ip:</td>
                                        <td>$if_ip ($if_dns_name)</td>
                                </tr>
 ECHO

   $target_lines .= <<ECHO;
                        </table>
                </div>
 ECHO
 } else {
   $head_lines="";
   $problem_lines="";
   $target_lines="";
   $separator_lines="";
 }

Template Example 2: Simplier Version of Example 1

Example 1 was partly intended to demonstrate how to customize the generation of interface targets but also to provide a hint of how the variables are used in the ``default'' template which one could consider that cfgmaker normally uses.

If you're only intrested in the easiest way of entirely eliminating those reject interfaces, the template below would do the job as well by using $default_target_lines.

 if($if_ok) {
  $target_lines = $default_target_lines;
 } else {
   $head_lines="";
   $problem_lines="";
   $target_lines="";
   $separator_lines="";
 }

Template Example 3: Creating

Targets for Hosts

Below is an example of a host template.

 $head_lines .= <<ECHO;
 #---------------------------------------------------------------------
 ECHO

 my $target_name = $router_name . ".cpu";

 $target_lines .= <<ECHO;

 YLegend[$target_name]: Percentage CPU load
 ShortLegend[$target_name]: %
 Legend1[$target_name]: CPU load in %
 Legend2[$target_name]:
 Legend3[$target_name]: Max Observed CPU load
 Legend4[$target_name]:
 LegendI[$target_name]: &nbsp;CPU Load:
 LegendO[$target_name]:
 WithPeak[$target_name]: ywm
 MaxBytes[$target_name]: 100
 Options[$target_name]: growright, gauge, nopercent
 Title[$target_name]: $router_name CPU load
 Target[$target_name]: 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.2.1.58.0&1.3.6.1.4.1.9.2.1.58.0:$router_connect
 PageTop[$target_name]: <h1>$router_name CPU load</h1>
                <div>
                        <table>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>System:</td>
                                        <td>$router_name in $html_syslocation</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Maintainer:</td>
                                        <td>$html_syscontact</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Description:</td>
                                        <td>$html_sysdescr</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                        <td>Resource:</td>
                                        <td>CPU.</td>
                                </tr>
                        </table>
                </div>
 ECHO

EXAMPLES

The first example creates a config file for router.place.xyz: the router has the community name public. Interfaces get identified by their number. Two global options get added to the config file. The config file gets redirected to mrtg.conf. The '\' signs at the end of the line mean that this command should be written on a single line.

 cfgmaker --global "WorkDir: /home/tobi"           \
          --global "Options[_]: growright,bits"    \
          --ifref=ip                               \
          public@router.place.xyz > mrtg.cfg

Note: if cfgmaker is not in your path, but you are in the directory where cfgmaker is stored, you can start it with ./cfgmaker

The next example creates a config file for four devices: router1.place.xyz, router2.place.xyz, switch1.place.xyz and switch2.place.xyz all with the community public.

The two routers will have --ifref set to descr whilst the two switches will use --ifref set to name. Further the routers will use --ifdesc set to alias and switch1.place.xyz will use --ifdesc set to descr whilst switch2.place.xyz use name instead.

Finally, there will be two Options lines inserted in the configuration: One will be in the beginning, whilst the other will be inserted after the lines related to the two routers but before those lines related to the switches.

 cfgmaker --global "WorkDir: /home/tobi"           \
          --global "Options[_]: growright,bits"    \
          --ifref=descr                            \
          --ifdesc=alias                           \
          public@router1.place.xyz                 \
          public@router2.place.xyz                 \
          --global "Options[_]: growright"         \
          --ifref=name                             \
          --ifdesc=descr                           \
          public@switch1.place.xyz                 \
          --ifdesc=name                            \
          public@switch2.place.xyz > mrtg.cfg

The next example demonstrates how to use the --community, --snmp-options and --dns-domain to make the command line simpler. All the equipment will use the community hidden, except for the ppp-server which use community access. All equipment uses these

options: 1s timeout, 1 retry and version 2 (backoff and port is unspecified which means they use the default values). The exception again is the ppp-server which uses version 1. Finally, all the equipment is part of the domain place.xyz, except for the ppp-server which is part of the domain remote.place.xyz. Note that the latter is achieved simply by specifying the name of the ppp-server to be ppp-server.remote .

 cfgmaker --global "WorkDir: /home/tobi"           \
          --global "Options[_]: growright,bits"    \
          --dns-domain=place.xyz                   \
          --community=hidden                       \
          --snmp-options=::1:1::2                  \
          router1                                  \
          router2                                  \
          router3                                  \
          router4                                  \
          router5                                  \
          switch1                                  \
          switch2                                  \
          switch3                                  \
          switch4                                  \
          switch5                                  \
          switch6                                  \
          switch7                                  \
          access@ppp-server.remote:::::1 > mrtg.cfg

SEE ALSO

mrtg-reference

AUTHOR

Tobias Oetiker <tobi@oetiker.ch> and Jakob Ilves <jakob.ilves@oracle.com>

LICENSE

General Public License

COPYRIGHT

Cfgmaker is Copyright 2000 by Tobias Oetiker <tobi@oetiker.ch>