GNU ddrescue 1.22 Copyright (C) 2017 Antonio Diaz Diaz. License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html> This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

GNU ddrescue - Data recovery tool. Copies data from one file or block device to another, trying to rescue the good parts first in case of read errors. Usage: ddrescue [options] infile outfile [mapfile] Always use a mapfile unless you know you won't need it. Without a mapfile, ddrescue can't resume a rescue, only reinitiate it. NOTE: In versions of ddrescue prior to 1.20 the mapfile was called 'logfile'. The format is the same; only the name has changed. If you reboot, check the device names before restarting ddrescue. Don't use options '-F' or '-G' without reading the manual first. Options: -h, --help display this help and exit -V, --version output version information and exit -a, --min-read-rate=<bytes> minimum read rate of good areas in bytes/s -A, --try-again mark non-trimmed, non-scraped as non-tried -b, --sector-size=<bytes> sector size of input device [default 512] -B, --binary-prefixes show binary multipliers in numbers [SI] -c, --cluster-size=<sectors> sectors to copy at a time [128] -C, --complete-only don't read new data beyond mapfile limits -d, --idirect use direct disc access for input file -D, --odirect use direct disc access for output file -e, --max-bad-areas=[+]<n> maximum number of [new] bad areas allowed -E, --max-error-rate=<bytes> maximum allowed rate of read errors per second -f, --force overwrite output device or partition -F, --fill-mode=<types> fill blocks of given types with data (?*/-+l) -G, --generate-mode generate approximate mapfile from partial copy -H, --test-mode=<file> set map of good/bad blocks from given mapfile -i, --input-position=<bytes> starting position of domain in input file [0] -I, --verify-input-size verify input file size with size in mapfile -J, --verify-on-error reread latest good sector after every error -K, --skip-size=[<i>][,<max>] initial,maximum size to skip on read error -L, --loose-domain accept an incomplete domain mapfile -m, --domain-mapfile=<file> restrict domain to finished blocks in <file> -M, --retrim mark all failed blocks as non-trimmed -n, --no-scrape skip the scraping phase -N, --no-trim skip the trimming phase -o, --output-position=<bytes> starting position in output file [ipos] -O, --reopen-on-error reopen input file after every read error -p, --preallocate preallocate space on disc for output file -P, --data-preview[=<lines>] show some lines of the latest data read [3] -q, --quiet suppress all messages -r, --retry-passes=<n> exit after <n> retry passes (-1=infinity) [0] -R, --reverse reverse the direction of all passes -s, --size=<bytes> maximum size of input data to be copied -S, --sparse use sparse writes for output file -t, --truncate truncate output file to zero size -T, --timeout=<interval> maximum time since last successful read -u, --unidirectional run all passes in the same direction -v, --verbose be verbose (a 2nd -v gives more) -w, --ignore-write-errors make fill mode ignore write errors -x, --extend-outfile=<bytes> extend outfile size to be at least this long -X, --max-read-errors=<n> maximum number of read errors allowed -y, --synchronous use synchronous writes for output file -Z, --max-read-rate=<bytes> maximum read rate in bytes/s --ask ask for confirmation before starting the copy --cpass=<n>[,<n>] select what copying pass(es) to run --delay-slow=<interval> initial delay before checking slow reads [30] --log-events=<file> log significant events in <file> --log-rates=<file> log rates and error sizes in <file> --log-reads=<file> log all read operations in <file> --mapfile-interval=[i][,i] save/sync mapfile at given interval [auto] --max-slow-reads=<n> maximum number of slow reads allowed --pause-on-error=<interval> time to wait after each read error [0] --pause-on-pass=<interval> time to wait between passes [0] --reset-slow reset slow reads if rate rises above min Numbers may be in decimal, hexadecimal or octal, and may be followed by a multiplier: s = sectors, k = 1000, Ki = 1024, M = 10^6, Mi = 2^20, etc... Time intervals have the format 1[.5][smhd] or 1/2[smhd]. Exit status: 0 for a normal exit, 1 for environmental problems (file not found, invalid flags, I/O errors, etc), 2 to indicate a corrupt or invalid input file, 3 for an internal consistency error (eg, bug) which caused ddrescue to panic. Report bugs to bug-ddrescue@gnu.org Ddrescue home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/ddrescue/ddrescue.html General help using GNU software: http://www.gnu.org/gethelp